Clinical Activity: Early Childhood Worksheet = 10 points 1. Describe the chief psychological task according to Erickson for your selected population. (0.5 pt.) According to Erikson, the chief psychological task for children that are four and five years old is initiative versus guilt. This stage occurs between three and six years old. This means that the child is beginning to explore their surroundings much more. They try new things by imitation of adults and through fantasy. Another important factor in this stage is that the child’s conscious begins to develop. The child may feel guilt when limits are set on their ability to explore, or if they are punished. (Giddens, 2012, p. 5) 2. Provide an example of how a child in this age group would …show more content…
According to Potter (2012), “Children gain about 5 pounds per year; the average weight at 3 years is 32 pounds; at 4 years, 37 pounds; and at 5 years about 41 pounds. Preschoolers grow 6.2-7.5 (2.5 to 3 inches) per year, double their birth length around 4 years, and stand an average of 107 cm (43 inches) tall by their fifth birthday.” (p. 147) Gross and Fine Motor Skills (0.5 pt) Describe gross motor and fine motor development accomplishments for this age group. At the age of four and five years old, children begin to develop gross and fine motor improvement. Potter (2013) states, “preschoolers run well, walk up and down steps with ease, and learn to hop. By 5 years they usually skip on alternate feet, jump rope, and begin to skate and swim.” (p.147) They are able to hop, do somersaults, swing and climb. These children are also beginning to work on drawing. They are able to copy shapes; around 5 they can draw a diamond. At this age group, scribbling and drawing give children good practice with hand and eye coordination. Mental/Emotional Growth (0.5 pt) Describe how a child in this age group maturing mentally? Describe how they developing
guilt (3-5 yrs.), adults are seen as examples in regards to how a child should engage in society (Stevens, 1983, p. 47). As children learn that they can do things like adults it is essential that parents reassure their children through positive "support"; if the child does not receive positive support in activities of choice, guilt may form as a result (Table 9.1. Comparison of Freudian and Eriksonian Stages of Development, 2014, p. 1). Children in this stage also begin to ask for what they want, this helps children in their ability to make decisions later on in life. If the child learns to take initiative, a sense of purpose will form in the child (Erikson, 1964, p.
Shame and Doubt. This stage of development occurs between the ages of two and three. During this stage, children begin to develop their sense of independence and the sense of wiliness to complete tasks (Snowman, McCown 18). This make sense because if you think about it, this is when children begin to interact with toys/objects. It is important that parents allow children to have some say it what they do and support it; if parents do not it might cause the child to develop self-doubt (Snowman, McCown 18). In the article that its states, like the book, that there needs to be a balance (McLeod 2008). Without balance, the child would receive an unrealistic view of the world. As a teacher, I would make sure that children during this stage understand that they are able to be independent. An example of how I would do this is having the child help me bake a cake. When combining the ingredients I would make sure that the child had to take some responsibility in making the cake. I might do this by have the child stir while I crack the egg in the bowl or having them pour in the flour in the
Early childhood education, although constantly evolving, was actually established and practiced as early on as the times of Ancient Greece and Rome. The foundation that early childhood education is based upon is to instill in children the skills needed to succeed later on in life, while making sure young children enjoy their time in schooling. Throughout chapter 3 in the textbook Who Am I in the Lives of Children, the reader is capable of evaluating just how greatly the methods for teaching today’s youth have evolved and changed for the better.
Erik Erikson defined this period of psychosocial development. It occurs during ages three to six. He called this stage initiative versus guilt. During this stage, the child is faced with taking independent action and dealing with the results. They are exploring different things and taking risks. The child, during this stage, is trying to find their identity apart from their parents, or their self-concept (Feldman, 2011). They will attempt to imitate their parents. If the parents dislike what they are doing, a sense of guilt may occur in the child (Fleming, 2004). If there is positive reinforcement of the child’s behavior or questions, initiative will be the result (Elkind, 1970). They will have to experience both initiative and guilt to come to an appropriate resolution. Whichever strength arises during this stage will help shape their identity. If the strength is the opposite of the basic strength, this can lead to issues. If they succeed, the child will find a sense of purpose. However, if they fail, they will get a sense of inhibition. This greatly influences a child’s psychosocial development. The child must pass this stage to move on to the next stage. (Fleming,
First, physical development has two types of motor skills: Gross motor development and Fine motor development. Crawling, standing, and walking are all considered gross motor development. Infants start to explore these motor skills after five months and have achieved them,
Chapter 1 and 16 discuss different ways to develop attachments with infants and toddlers. It emphasis the fact that when children feel secure they are more socially competent, speak better, and have the ability to manage their own emotions. Toddlers also can participate in problem solving skills. In order to build this type of attachment, it must start when they are infants. “Early childhood is both the most critical and the most vulnerable time in any child’s development.” (Brazelton & Greenspan, 2000, p 6). Research found that children feel more secure when the teacher are highly involve and show much concern. This includes being involved with the family also. Infants feel secure when they are nurtured and have a since of comfort. For example,
The preschool period is from ages four to six and with Erikson development stage it is initiative vs. guilt. This stage is where children want to do more things like adults that can go overboard to get the child in trouble or not to succeed causing them to feel guilty (Feldman, 2014). This stage is where you hear children say a lot “let me do it” because the want to become independent and learn. This is also where a child starts to understand that there are boundaries and responsibilities and if they go beyond and push the boundaries the child can feel the consequences (Muller, 2010). Also in this age group children are starting to learn number, the alphabet, and their vocabulary is starting to expand. Some parents will get their child ready
At the pre-conventional level, behavior is motivated by anticipation of pleasure or pain. The child is aware of cultural rules and labels of good or bad and right or wrong. (1) The subject interprets the labels in terms of the physical consequence, such as punishment or reward. (3) The child has an extreme self-interest. The first level of moral thinking is generally found at the elementary school level, before the age of 9. This level is divided into the following two stages. (2)
Following my observation day in the gym with children from 18 months to kindergarten age I was able to notice a lot in term of child development and the impact physical education has on self esteem and growth of young children. I found that most children less than three lacked the coordination and fine motor skills seen in the older group of children.These children were also much more attached to their parent. I did however notice with some of the younger children is that if placed with a sibling or older friend they will try to mimic the abilities of the older individual and attempt to show skills they otherwise would not have until an older age. A good example of this was on the gymnastics mats one child was able to do flips off of his
The second stage is autonomy verses shame and doubt. This occurs from about 18 months of age to 3 years old. The basic virtue of this stage is will; can they do things on their own or do they require the help of others? Erikson believed that children around this age wanted to develop a greater sense...
The first type of development that can be observed is physical development. Physical development refers to a child's gross and fine motor skills. Gross motor skills are the use of large groups of muscles that can develop naturally through outdoor and indoor play. During play, a child may use their gross motor skills by standing, jumping, climbing, running or riding a bike. "If children are encouraged to be physically active, these skills can develop into advanced patterns of motor coordination that can last a lifetime" (brightfutures.org). Fine motor skills are the use of the muscles in the hands. These muscles can develop by using fingers to cut with scissors, write, paint and many other activities. Underdeveloped muscles, weight gain, and high blood pressure are all signs o...
From preschool into early elementary school, children have begun to develop their gross motor skills. They have developed a “mature pattern of walking” and are ready to test their physical abilities to the limits. Also fine motor skills have begun to develop, however more slowly. Along with motor skills children are developing their visual, tactile, and kinesthetic senses. A child’s sensory skills are helpful in learning language.
Initiative vs. Guilt that happens between 3 and 5 years is the stage that follows. During this stage, children take more initiative to engage with peers. Erikson explains that during this stage, if children are given the opportunity to take initiative, they will develop a sense of security in their ability to lead. The basic virtue at this stage is purpose. Industry vs. Inferiority, which happens between 5 and 12 years, emphasizes school and friendships.
A child’s drawing can tell so much about what they are thinking and feeling about their surroundings. They see things differently from adults and teens because when they are drawing or doing some sort of art they are not told that it is a “bad picture” or what ever they are doing is “not right.” They don’t have a limit upon their thoughts and ideas, but when they grow up, they do. Starting from the first day of school, they are taught about the wrong things and the right things. As we grow older there are more classes that have right and wrong answers to a question like, for example, math.
During this stage of development, children continue to develop gross motor skills but most of the development is with their fine motor skills. During this stage children are beginning to learn how to color, use scissors, write, and possibly tie their own shoes. Children will develop hand eye coordination as well as the ability to manipulate objects to accomplish what they want. My development was especially slow in this area. I did not begin to write legible words until I was five almost six years old. I still to this day, cannot cut a straight line and I could not color in the lines until I was about ten years old. I have always struggled with hand eye coordination and anything requiring the ability to manipulate a small object.