Claude Bernard Claude Bernard discovered a few different things while a biologist including roles of the pancreas and the liver. He also discovered the role of vasomotor nerves. Bernard was born on July 12th, 1813 in Saint-Julien, France. His dad was a winegrower, but did not work so he became a teacher. His mother came from a peasant background. He died February 10th 1878 at 64 years old in Paris, France (“Claude”). Claude Bernard started going to school in church in St. Julien. He then was referred to go to the Jesuit College for a higher education in Villegrance-sur-Saone, which was in a nearby town. He showed very little academically, so his parents arranged for him to go to Collège Royal of Thoissey for a year (“CLAUDE BERNARD”). He …show more content…
Bernard’s first discovery started when he became involved in François Magendie’s when he was researching spinal nerves. His first publication was with the chorda tympani, which is a branch of a facial nerve. After failing an examination that would have allowed him to teach at the medical school, he then collaborated with others about digestion (“Claude”). In 1847 Claude Bernard became Magendie’s deputy at Collège de France. This was a period marked by an explosion of discoveries, beginning when Bernard solved the mystery of rabbits that were carnivorous. He was puzzled because some rabbits were passing clear urine, and some were passing cloudy urine, so he inferred that the rabbits passing clear urine had not been fed. He then confirmed this by feeding the rabbits meat, and autopsy showed the role of the pancreas in digestion (“Claude”). The autopsy showed that secretions from the pancreas broke down fat molecules into glycerin and fatty acids. He then showed the principal processes of digestion took place in the small intestine, and not in the stomach, which was previously believed. Bernard’s work on pancreas then led to research of the liver, which was the start of …show more content…
All that was known about the pancreas was that it had an endocrine system and what it looked like. Nothing was known about the glycogenic function of the liver because Bernard was the first person to find glycogen inside the liver. Also for his discovery of vasomotor nerves he was the first to discover that the vasomotor nerves control blood supply and blood vessels (“Bernard”). The only award Bernard received was the Copley Medal from the Royal Society of London for his contributions towards physiology. Claude Bernard has a yearly award given to a physiologist that discovered something important related to the digestive system (“Claude Bernard Prize”). For Bernard’s discoveries they haven’t changed a lot because the discovery of glycogen in the liver cannot be really changed, and for the pancreas there wasn’t no newer studies showing differences. For vasomotor nerves they still control blood
It is also interesting to know just how many medical breakthroughs came about by accident. It allows people to realize that, although it should be handled with the utmost care, cut of the edge research is not always cut and dry. This book teaches that it takes true intellect to take what seems like a failure or an accident and instead of abandoning it, reflecting on what has truly happened. Students as well as current researchers should read, study, and take inspiration from this book. It has a lot to teach other than simply the surface of the history of the discoveries it
René Descartes was a French philosopher born in La Haye, France, on March 31, 1596. In the 17th century. Now that town is now named after him, because of the great things he has done. He spent most of his life in the Dutch Republic He had two siblings and was the youngest. His father and mother's name were Joachim and Jeanne Brochard. His mother died before his first birthday. In addition, his father was in the provincial parliament as a council member. After their mother died, Joachim had the kids go live with their grandmother on their mom's side. They stayed there even though their father eventually remarried. Even though their father did not want them around, he still wanted the best education for his children so he sent René when he was eight, to boarding school to the Jesuit college of Henri IV in La Flèche. And he stayed there until he was 15.
...nto the new world of medicine. The basic function of a cell has gained a new function which can provide a pathway of exploring ideas and concepts relating to the mutation of cells. If we are able to determine the specific time and place a cell is transported then, we can surely mutate the cell to prevent the spread of terminal diseases. The Nobel Prize winners truly deserve this prestigious award. After decades of intensive, tedious and tiresome studying they were able to uncover a mystery of the human body which now opens many doors to new studies that would be beneficial to society.
In order for the body to maintain homeostatic levels of energy, blood glucose regulation is essential. Glucose is one of the body’s principal fuels. It is an energy-rich monosaccharide sugar that is broken down in our cells to produce adenosine triphosphate. In the small intestine, glucose is absorbed into the blood and travels to the liver via the hepatic portal vein. The hepatocytes absorb much of the glucose and convert it into glycogen, an insoluble polymer of glucose. Glycogen, which is stored in the liver and skeletal muscles, can easily be reconverted into glucose when blood-glucose levels fall. All of the body’s cells need to make energy but most can use other fuels such as lipids. Neurons; however, rely almost exclusively on glucose for their energy. This is why the maintenance of blood-glucose levels is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.
This was the beginning of many awards in his experiments to come. He was elected to the Royal Society on May 29, 1756. This is probably one of the most influential factors in his work and this is one way that his work was seen by people all over Europe and other parts of the world. Members of the Royal Society had their scientific works published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. (DOSB,129)
Louis Pasteur was a famous scientist throughout the 1800s. He is known for his advancements in vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization. He is also known for his breakthroughs concerning disease prevention. He had a wide range of discoveries and advancements, these can be traced by going through the main points in his lifetime which were: his early life, professional career, research contributions of the Germ Theory, contributions to immunology and vaccination, and the honors and wards he received for all of his achievements.
In Pauling’s own words he was “…a physicist with an interest in chemistry. [His] scientific work, however, has not been restricted to chemistry and physics, but has extended over X-ray crystallography, mineralogy, biochemistry, nuclear science, genetics, and molecular biology; also nutrition and various aspects of research in medicine, such as serology, immunology, and psychiatry” (Marinacci Ed., 1995, p. 26). Pauling received two Nobel Prizes acknowledging his contributions, one in Chemistry in 1954 and one for Peace in 1962.
Michel Foucault his full name was Paul-Michel Foucault, was born October 15, 1926, Poitiers France—died June 25, 1984, Paris. He the grandson of a physician.You could say that he was born into a solidly bourgeois family, Also his father was a doctor so you can see that being intelligent runs in the family, his mother was just any ordinary housewife Foucault’s mother, Anne, was likewise the daughter of a surgeon, and had longed to follow a medical career, but her wish had to wait until Foucault’s younger brother as such a career was not available for women at the time. It is surely no coincidence then that much of Foucault’s work would revolve around the critical interrogation of medical discourses .Foucault was schooled in Poitiers during the years of German occupation Foucault excelled at philosophy and, having from a young age declared his intention to pursue an academic career, persisted in defying his father, who wanted the young Paul-Michel to follow his forebears into the medical profession. The conflict with his father may have been a factor in Foucault’s dropping the ‘Paul’ from his name. The relationship between father and son remained cool through to the latter’s death in 1959, though Foucault remained close to his mother.
Another man that made discoveries that reinforced those of Pasteur was Robert Koch. Robert Koch isolated the germ that causes tuberculosis, identified the germ responsible for Asiatic cholera, and developed sanitary measures to prevent disease. (1) In the late 1880s, genes, white blood cells, and aspirin were discovered. An Augustinian monk from Austria, Johann Gregor Mendel, experimented in the crossplanting of pea plants.
Philippe Petit changed numerous peoples’ thoughts about the Twin Towers when he performed his high wire walk between them in 1974. Before Philippe Petit walked the high wire between the Twin Towers in 1974, people weren’t certain how they felt about the construction of the World Trade Center. After Philippe performed, people began to warm up to the idea of the towers. Philippe Petit walked the high wire between the Twin Towers on August 7, 1974. This event prompted Andrew McMahon to write the song “Platform Fire” about this event for his band, Jack’s Mannequin. This song was not a hit for the band; however, fans of Jack’s Mannequin seem to have a special place in their heart for it.
Frederick G. Banting was a medical doctor most well known for finding the lifelong treatment for diabetes, which prior to his incredible discovery was known as a death sentence to anyone who was diagnosed with it. Because his discovery left such a mark on the world, Banting received many awards throughout his lifetime, his biggest accomplishment being that he received a Nobel Prize in 1923, in Physiology or Medicine. Although he was awarded a great amount of prize money for his accomplishments, his assistant Charles Best was awarded none so Banting showed his massive generosity by splitting his prize money in half and sharing it with him.
Carbohydrates, mainly glucose, are an important source of energy for living organisms. Some tissues of the body (e.g., brain) need a continuous delivery of glucose. Maintenance of blood glucose concentrations within a normal range is critical to the regulation of normal fuel use by the organs. This is primarily accomplished by the two hormones, Insulin and Glucagon, which are secreted by the alpha and beta cells of the pancreas, respectively. The function of Insulin is to keep the blood glucose in check by helping it to move inside the cells of our body, thereby decreasing its concentration in the blood. Glucagon does exactly the opposite. Other hormones of our body like glucocorticoids, epinephrine and the growth hormone also function like Glucagon.
William Harvey was a distinguished physician of the seventeenth century. Harvey was educated by some of the great scientists of his time and was highly knowledgeable of the scientist theories preceding his time. Harvey was greatly intrigued by the views of the ancient Aristotle and developed a number of his own ideas based on Aristotle’s theories. It was from Aristotle’s theory of the primacy of blood that allowed Harvey to make breakthroughs about circulation and generation of animals. His advancements greatly enhanced the study of anatomy. Harvey also revolutionized the means by which science was performed through the use of innovative, investigational techniques. William Harvey became a well-known name in science because he made profound accomplishments that changed the way scientists performed and the way people viewed the human body.
He was also the first to take a nucleus from a fully contrast tadpole intestinal
...medicine such as stereochemistry, microbiology, bacteriology, virology, immunology, and molecular biology. Moreover, his work has protected millions of people from disease through vaccination and pasteurization.