Shaping is key to Claire Frazier’s success in being able to mand. As defined in our text, Cooper, Heron, and Heward (1987), shaping is the use of differential reinforcement that promotes gradual changes in a response. If she were unable to say a specific word, shaping would be beneficial so she can properly pronounce it. For example, if Claire were unable to say, “toy”, shaping would allow her to approximate each sound in the word. We would start off by teaching her to say the “t” sound and then the “oy” sound. Both of which would be an approximation to the end goal. Afterwards, we would teach her to say both sounds together to properly pronounce, “toy.” Each word would be done on a case-by-case basis in reference to the need of shaping. Shaping will not be necessary to say certain words such as, “no”, seeing as how she is already able to pronounce it correctly. …show more content…
The one syllable words is an approximation to the end goal which would be talking in complete sentences. As mentioned earlier, each word would be determined on case-by-case basis. For this specific target behavior, any type of chaining would not be needed at this point. Cooper et al. (1987) states that chaining involves several different behaviors that are all linked together to create one terminal behavior. In reference to frequency, we would use it to measure the level of Claire’s master criterion. Cooper et al. (1987) says that frequency is a count within a given time period. If she is able to independently say a specific word, we would mark it as independent. Frequency is beneficial in Claire’s case because we don’t want to move on to two syllable words until she has the one syllable words mastered. In order to have one syllable words mastered, Claire has to independently pronounce one syllable words across all settings and people for 80% of all
Australia’s first indigenous track and field athlete to compete in the Olympics, Cathy Freeman most defiantly fits into many of Wilderness’s core values. Cathy grew up in a time where racism against indigenous citizens was a common normality. Her grandma was part of the stolen generations and through her career, Cathy has been a victim of racial harassment and abuse. How she acted during these periods of time in her life truly defined her as, nothing other than a responsible citizen. She was able to put the racism and discrimination behind her and compete at an Olympic level for the country she loved. In addition, she was an advocate of Aboriginal rights and like many aborigines at the time, she strongly supported the idea of the Australian government apologising for the abuses
The idea of “family” is almost entirely socially constructed. From grandparents, to friends, to wives and fiancés, the means by which we decide who is related to us and who is not is decided by the person and their milieu. In Mignon R. Moore’s “Independent Women: Equality in African-American Lesbian Relationships”, Eviatar Zerubavel’s Ancestors and Relatives: Genealogy, Identity and Community, and Franz Kafka’s The Judgement, this idea is tested. Who do we consider close enough to us to share our most intimate details and how do we choose them? Each piece offers a different view, which is the “right” way for each of the people described, whether broad (as in Zerbavel’s reading) or specific (as in Moore’s reading), but there are also many similarities in the ways family is defined and actualized.
“Unteaching the Five Paragraph Essay” by Marie Foley demonstrates how a five paragraph essay formula disturbs the thought process of the students and limits what they can write. A five paragraph essay is an introduction with the main idea, with three supporting topics showing the relationship to the main idea, and a conclusion summarizing the entire essay. Foley argues that this formula forces students to fill in the blank and meet a certain a word limit. She noted that this formula was intended for teachers in the education system to teach an overcrowded class how to write. While it is beneficial for the first-time students learning how to write. In the long run, this standard destroys any free style writing, new connections between a topic,
Like Gail Hightower, Joanna Burden is an outcast because of the past. However, Hightower idealizes the heroic southern past, while Joanna was raised to reject southern ideas of race. Hightower’s ancestors inadvertently affect his present state; Joanna’s ancestors directly influence her social position in the town. When her family first arrived they were outcast, “they hated us here. We were Yankees. Foreigners. Worse than foreigners: enemies. Carpet baggers . . . Stirring up the negros to murder and rape, they called it. Threatening white supremacy” (Faulkner 249). The hatred that the townsfolk held for them stemmed from the fact that her family did not hold the same southern values that they did. While Hightower’s family were heroic Civil
In her Ted Talk, “The game that can give you ten extra years of life” Jane McGonigal explains how she created a game called “Jane the Concussion Slayer” to help her overcome a concussion that didn’t heal properly. McGonigal describes to her audience the different levels and power-ups she created to cope with the process of her concussion since she had an unhealed concussion that left symptoms like headaches, nausea, vertigo, memory loss, and mental fog. In addition to this, McGonigal had to avoid everything that triggered her symptoms such as: writing, video games, work, emails, exercise, alcohol, etc. In doing so, she believed it helped her tackle challenges with more creativity, determination, and optimism. McGonigal then concludes her speech
Although Judy Brady discusses how women need to be the perfect homemaker and take care of their families, Brady uses irony to convey that this mentality is the way men think. Brady sees women as very powerful, entitled humans who should not be treated as so. In the article, she explains all the things that the male expects the ideal wife would do. They cook, clean, nurture children, and do all the household duties. Judy Brady sees women as something so special to this earth and men do not respect that.
Mollie is the patient in our case study. Mollie lives with her daughter and son in law, both in their 70’s. A home health aide assists Mollie five days a week for three hours each day. At age 94, Mollie is an older adult, considered to be part of a vulnerable population, at risk for hearing, visual and mobility deficits. This at risk population can experience changes in cognitive or physical status making the activities of daily living difficult to perform (Meiner, 2011). As people like Mollie age, gradually becoming less able to function independently, their grown children, potential caregivers, may be preoccupied with the demands of their own lives and not prepared to care for an older
Erin George’s A Woman Doing Life: Notes from a Prison for Women sheds light on her life at the Fluvanna Correctional Center for Women (FCCW) where she was sentenced for the rest of her life for first-degree murder. It is one of the few books that take the reader on a journey of a lifer, from the day of sentencing to the day of hoping to being bunked adjacent to her best friend in the geriatric ward.
In the partial alphabetic phase individuals pay attention to different letters in a word in order to attempt its pronunciation, usually the first and final letters of a word are focused on, Ehri referred to this as ‘phonetic cue reading’. This is a skill which along with others which shows phonological awareness.
Every time my parents read to me, I tried to say the words along with them. As a result, anytime I had problems pronouncing a word, my mother made me sound the word out until I sounded it correctly. She told me to take each word, syllable by syllable.
The late nineteenth century was a critical time in reshaping the rights of women. Commonly this era is considered to be the beginning of what is know to western feminists as “first-wave feminism.” First-wave feminism predominately fought for legal rights such as suffrage, and property rights. A major hallmark of first-wave feminism is the concept of the “New Woman.” The phrase New Woman described educated, independent, career oriented women who stood in response to the idea of the “Cult of Domesticity,” that is the idea that women are meant to be domestic and submissive (Stevens 27). Though the concept of the New Woman was empowering to many, some women did not want to give up their roles as housewives. These women felt there was a great dignity in the lifestyle of the housewife, and that raising children was not a job to scoff at. Mary Freeman's short story “The Revolt of 'Mother',” tells the story of such a domestic woman, Sarah, who has no interest in leaving her position as mother, but still wishes to have her voice heard in the private sphere of her home. Freeman's “Revolt of Mother,” illustrates an alternative means of resistance for women who rejected the oppression of patriarchy without a withdrawal from the domestic lifestyle.
These three groups were then asked to complete three different tasks. The first was to repeat and segment 20 different words (5 consonant-vowel-consonant, 5 CCVC, 5 CVCC, and 5 CCVCC) and two overall scores were administered to the participants. Both scores were out of a maximum of 20 points; the first score was based on giving 1 point for each correctly analyzed word, and the second score was based on giving 1 point for correctly analyzing medial vowels.
The book Mary Reilly is the sequel to the famous The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson, is a stark, ingeniously woven, engaging novel. That tells the disturbing tale of the dual personality of Dr. Jekyll, a physician. A generous and philanthropic man, his is preoccupied with the problems of good and evil and with the possibility of separating them into two distinct personalities. He develops a drug that transforms him into the demonic Mr. Hyde, in whose person he exhausts all the latent evil in his nature. He also creates an antidote that will restore him into his respectable existence as Dr. Jekyll. Gradually, however, the unmitigated evil of his darker self predominates, until finally he performs an atrocious murder. His saner self determines to curtail those alternations of personality, but he discovers that he is losing control over his transformations, that he slips with increasing frequency into the world of evil. Finally, unable to procure one of the ingredients for the mixture of redemption, and on the verge of being discovered, he commits suicide.
Thiessen, E. D., Hill, E. A., & Saffran, J. R. (2005). Infant-directed speech facilitates word segmentation. Infancy, 7(1), 53-71.
Through out the novel The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank there were many themes that were expressed. On theme includes, in the world there some evil individuals, but inside of most people there is a least a some good. To begin with, I choose this theme because of the evil groups during World War II that took away Jews. Some Germans during the war did not have any good in them. One group of the hateful people that worked for Hitler and were called the Gestapo's. They took away hundreds of Jews to camps. At the camps they were not separated by gender or age and everyone sleep together. As the text states, “...Jewish friends are being taken away by the dozen. These people are treated by the Gestapo without a shred of decency, being loaded