In 1819 a doctor by the name of Dr. Michael Ward worked as a surgeon in an infirmary. He visited a school where there was 106 students that worked in factories, nearly half of them reported having received injuries in a cotton mill. Childrens arms were often stripped of everything all the way to the bone! The textile factories were bad for the health of the working class family. In document A, Dr.Ward was being interviewed by the House of Lords Committee about the condition of kids in the factories. Dr. Ward refers to these factories as, “nurseries of disease and vice.” By saying this he inferred that the diseases and vice started in these factories and spread to the children, who then brought it home to their families.Therefore, when these kids brought home these diseases and sickness they infected everyone else in their house. This would be unhealthy for the people of the working class. …show more content…
Holmes was hired by the owner of a factory, Mr.Pooley. Mr. Pooley has hired Dr. Holmes to come into the mill and judge the health of the children who are working there. Dr. Holmes claims that there were 36 children that were in bad health. This left 363 in good health and two left unaccounted for. However, in the end of the interview when asked the question “Would it be injurious to a child,as a medical man, if at the time he got his meals he was still kept engaged in the employment he was about?” He would not \answer this question, he said it was great difficulty to answer. Dr. Holmes was not a reputable source because he was hired by the owner of the mill, who payed the Dr. for his judgment. Therefore, his findings of healthy and unhealthy are
This was the first-time people had seen factories like this is America. Many famous, affluent, and powerful men visited these textile mills only long enough to admire the engineering advancements Lowell had made, and completely missed the inhumane treatment of the workers inside.
English textile factories were very bad for the health of the working class families. As Dr. Ward stated, “Last summer I visited three cotton factories with Dr. Clough of Preston and Mr. Barker of Manchester, and we could not remain ten minutes in the factory without gasping for breath...¨ This shows that the conditions were so bad that they had trouble breathing because how bad the air was. Dr. Ward also says, ¨Cotton factories are highly unfavourable, both to the health and morals of those employed in them. They are really nurseries of disease and vice. These factories were very unsafe and you could get many diseases and injuries, especially if you were a kid as a lot were. The kids were in many accidents in the factories, as Dr. Ward states,
Most of the factories owners treated their employees unfairly and unequally. They made them work large amounts of hours for underpaid wages. Most of the people, even children, worked 16 hours for 25 cents a day. Their employees had to deal with unsafe machines that sometimes were extremely dangerous. If they got injured, they didn’t have any financial aid or any kind of compensation that helps them to get better.
Factory workers of this time had very little freedom. Aside from having to work outrageous hours for 6 days of the week, there was no job security, no solid way to survive day-to-day, and if a family member were to suffer an accident, families had no financial means to carry on. In the early 1900s, there were no labor laws, including the right to organize, an eight-hour day, safety standards, or unemployment/disability pensions. M...
9. Clarke, Allen. Effects of the factory system on women & children. Bolton [England: Pendlebury and Sons, 1899.
The Lowell textile mills were a new transition in American history that explored working and labor conditions in the new industrial factories in American. To describe the Lowell Textile mills it requires a look back in history to study, discover and gain knowledge of the industrial labor and factory systems of industrial America. These mass production mills looked pretty promising at their beginning but after years of being in business showed multiple problems and setbacks to the people involved in them.
When envisioning what factory work is like today, the picture we paint in our minds eye is often not a pleasant one; it is one of back-breaking work, loud and dangerous machines, child laborers, low wages. A sweatshop. A job only taken if one has no other choice. However, taking a look into the formative years of the industrial factory system shows that this was not always the case. Through Harriet Robinson’s Loom and Spindle, which gives a firsthand account of life as an early factory worker, it becomes clear that the Lowell mills in Massachusetts and its workers were often at the forefront of both industry and academia. Despite this fact, the Mary Paul letters present a much more similar image to the factory life that is seen today, in spite
Many of us complain about the tough hours we work or the amount of chores we have to complete, but think about the truly harsh conditions that young girls and women had to work in the textile industry with very little pay and no accolades. Back in the 18th century, when the Industrial Revolution struck, it made it hard for female mill workers to enjoy being employed. Due to the terrible working conditions, the amount of hours worked, and the low wages were a few of the similarities that the female mill workers in England and Japan shared.
This confusion can be seen in two reports from separate journals that differ greatly--so much so that the ability to attribute them to the same issue seems unlikely and unrealistic. William Alexander Abram, a journalist and historian in the 1860’s, wrote an article about the vast improvements made during the industrialization process (Doc 6). Abram specifically mentions the Hours of Labor in Factories Act of 1844 that prohibited excessively long work days. Additionally, Abram mentioned the increased wages and the subsequent increase quality of life. Abram attempts to justify any issues with the industrialization by addressing the new, more spacious cotton mill and the lower sickness and mortality rates. Abram describes the positive forces that arose during the industrialization to outweigh the mass concerns people had about the laboring class’s working conditions. This positive opinion is counteracted by an image included in a magazine from the 1870’s that shows the visual of a bridge and its surrounding factories at the time (Doc 7). The Graphic, a weekly magazine that dealt with social issues, included the view from Blackfriars bridge over the River Irwell that contained the numerous factories concentrated in the one location. The Graphic was famously influential within the art world for its use of imagery and attempt to conquer grand social issues with art. The factories are all emitting gas and the general conditions of the streets and buildings is less than ideal. This negative portrayal of the industrialization sheds a different light on the effects of industrialization. Between these two conflicting articles, it is difficult to see the true extent of the industrializations process’s benefits and harms. This uncertainty also supports the proposed
Young girls were not allowed to open the windows and had to breathe in the dust, deal with the nerve-racking noises of the machines all day, and were expected to continue work even if they 're suffering from a violent headache or toothache (Doc 2). The author of this report is in favor of employing young women since he claimed they seemed happy and they loved their machines so they polished them and tied ribbons on them, but he didn 't consider that they were implemented to make their awful situations more bearable. A woman who worked in both factory and field also stated she preferred working in the field rather than the factory because it was hard work but it never hurt her health (Doc 1), showing how dangerous it was to work in a factory with poor living conditions. Poor living conditions were common for nearly all workers, and similar to what the journalist saw, may have been overlooked due to everyone seeming
The cotton mills in Lowell, Massachusetts were home to many young women that were in need of work. Girls as young as ten years old were off working in the cotton mills trying to earn money for their families. The girls couldn't work out on the farms in the fields so they had to resort to the mills to make a living. Life was not easy for these young girls, but because their families were so poor they had to deal with it so that they were able to send money home. The girls were pushed to their limits by the people running the mills, yet they continued to work and work hard. The working conditions were almost unbearable in the mills because the girls received poor pay, the work was dangerous, and they worked extremely long hours.
Imagine being forced to work in conditions that might cause you to lose a limb, to be beaten daily, or to be left with long term respiratory conditions. These terrible conditions were realities to families who worked in textile factories in the 1700’s. England was the first to adopt textile factories which would benefit with mass production of cotton material. According to the power point, “Industrial Revolution; Life in English Factories”, low and unskilled workers, often children, ran the machines and moved material, this helped lower the cost of goods. During this time, commissions investigated the working conditions of the factories.
During the Industrial Revolution, children were used for labor to do the more dangerous activities in the factories. For example, children were often used to squeeze into tight places, because they were much smaller than men. (Labor) Most children worked in the mills to support their families, but had to give up their education in return. (“Modern World History”) In document four, Hebergram’s brother died by being cut from a machine, and later dying from infection. This shows that the factories did not have protection of covering the machines, causing many workers to die. Also, in document four it says, “...A boy was caught in a machine and had both his thigh bones broke and from his knee to his hip the flesh was ripped up the same as it had been cut by a knife.” This shows how unsafe the machines were because the shaft was not covered.
Working conditions in the Industrial Revolution were very harsh. It was a time when people wanted mass amounts of production and were not concerned about how things got done as long as they got done. Chadwick and Sadler both took initiative to try to change and protect workers’ rights. As worker’s health became more public, people began to realize how bad they were suffering, the Parliament knew they had to make changes. The Parliament put in many acts and laws that would limit work hours and give workers more rights and better health.
Overall, this source is useful as it does provide us with some information on the horrific conditions which may have been present at some mills, however it is does not represent the overall conditions for apprentices at mills, so it could be seen as unreliable. In summary, it is clear that none of the sources are invaluable to us, as they all provide us with some facts or opinions, and help us to understand the different views on child labour and working conditions at mills during the time. However, like all sources, they all hold drawbacks as well, and none of them are completely consistent to us.