How Are Chemical Solutions Used In Society?
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures. A chemical solution is a combination of a solvent and one or more solutes. The solvent in a solution is the majority of the solution and the solute makes up the rest of the solution. When the solvent and the solute dissolve in each other you end up with a chemical solution. Many chemical reactions are done in solutions, and solutions are also very closely related to our standard everyday lives. For example the air we breathe is a solution made up of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and some other gasses. Because air is not a compound if you added one extra unit of oxygen it would still remain as air. Solutions can be in gaseous, liquid or solid states.
Some examples of solutions in different states are:
Liquid state
Tea with sugar, Sea water (salt water), Antifreeze, Vinegar, Household cleaners, Soda water, alcoholic drinks, blood
Gaseous state
Air
Solid state
Bronze, White Gold, Steel, Stainless steel, Cast iron, Solder
Water has good properties when it is used as an engine coolant. It has a good heat...
Cu (aq) + 2NO3 (aq) + 2Na+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) → Cu(OH)2 (s) + 2Na+ (aq) + 2NO3(aq)
Hydrochloric acid is the clear colourless solutions of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water, hydrochloric acid is also a highly corrosive substance and a strong mineral acid meaning they are formed from inorganic compounds, hydrochloric acid is a monoprotic acid meaning that it can only ionize one H+ ion. As a result hydrochloric acid can be used in a wide range of industrial practices such as removing rust from steel, ore processing, the production of corn syrup and making of PVC plastics. Hydrochloric acid is made using a very straight forward method which involves dissolving hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water, releasing the H+ cation and Cl- anion. In this aqueous form the H+ ion joins water to form a hydronium ion (H3O+)
This can be done by first finding the products of the chemical reactions, which are found by swapping the anions on each reactant. Once this is done, predictions can be made. The table above, describes the solubility rules, these are used to decide whether a compound will be soluble, and then consequently to this reveal a precipitate. Barium sulfate for example is insoluble and if it was to be mixed with an aqueous compound, barium sulfate would be the precipitate. This is an example of how a prediction can be made, without physically viewing the experiment or given the results. It is also a way of identifying what the precipitate is once the experiment has been
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the plasma membrane of a cell. Basically, this is when the molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. A solute is the smaller part of a solution that is dissolved by a solvent. A solvent dissolves the solute, which then forms a solution, which is a mixture of two or more substances. There are three main kinds of solutions when it comes to solutes and solvents. These three solutions are called isotonic solutions, hypertonic solutions, and hypotonic solutions. An isotonic solution is a solution
You have been asked to design an oral liquid formulation of ibuprofen for paediatric use.
A mixture, according to definition, is a combination of components and substances mixed together to form one particular substance, uniform or not. Mixtures can be classified down to two types, homogeneous and heterogeneous. Homogeneous mixtures are generally uniform, or have the same consistent composition throughout, whereas heterogeneous mixtures are not entirely defined and vary in
Every chemical element or compound have specific properties that make them different than the other. However, these properties help us to understand every element or compound in which they can be used and how we can deal with them. These properties can be chemical properties which are defined as "that property must lead to a change in the substances ' chemical structure", such as heat of combustion and flammability ("Physical and Chemical…"). Also, these properties can be physical properties which are defined as the properties "that can be measured or observed without changing the chemical nature of the substance", such as mass, volume, boiling and freezing points ("Physical and Chemical…"). These two properties are related to each other. For
Electrical conductivity refers to a substances ability to carry moving electrons (conduct electricity). In order to do so, there must be a supply of delocalised electrons. While in a solid state, ionic substances can not conduct electricity as there are no delocalised electrons or free/mobile ions to act as charge carriers. In an aqueous ionic solution, the H2O molecules break apart the crystal lattice structure of the ionic substance into individual ions, surrounding each ion in a jacket of hydration. Below is the equation that describes the dissociation of NaCl when in H2O solvent.
Normal water will not do because of the impurities in it. · Methyl Orange indicator - The colour of this indicates when the sodium hydroxide has been neutralised by the hydrochloric acid. · Conical Flask - This is used to react the aspirin tablets with the sodium hydroxide. It is more appropriate to use as the shape of it makes it less likely that any should spill out. · Burette - This is used to add the hydrochloric acid to the sodium hydroxide.
is impossible to specify a single best method to carry out a given analysis in
Water is a good solvent and picks up impurities easily. Pure water -- tasteless, colourless, and odourless -- is often called the universal solvent. Dissolved solids" refer to any minerals, salts, metals, cations or anions dissolved in water. Total dissolved solids (TDS) comprise inorganic salts (principally calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulphates) and some small amounts of organic matter that are dissolved in water. TDS in drinking-water originate from natural sources, sewage, urban run-off, industrial wastewater, and chemicals used in the water treatment process, and the nature of the piping or hardware used to convey the water, i.e., the plumbing. In the United States, elevated TDS has been due to natural environmental features such as mineral springs, carbonate deposits, salt deposits, and sea water intrusion, but other sources may include: salts used for road de-icing, anti-skid materials, drinking water treatment chemicals, storm-water, and agricultural runoff, and point/non-point wastewater discharges. In general, the total dissolved solids concentration is the sum of the cations (positively charged) and anions (negatively charged) ions in the water. Therefore, the total dissolved solids test provides a qualitative measure of the
Water and antifreeze mixture is important bc because you want it to match the climate that you are in. For instance, Northern states mixture is about 70/30. For the southern states the mixture is about 50/50 (water/antifreeze). Antifreeze is important bc because it reduces the boil/freeze point of an
How did the world of chemical engineering start, what's the history of chemical engineering? Chemical engineering started with a man named George Davis who is credited with the concept of unit operations. Unit operations is analyzing the process of plants, such as water, petroleum, and petrochemical. They studied and made a process to move around and mix chemicals. Unit operations is the same concept of what we now know as chemical engineering. Davis was given the credit, but in 1977 a professor of chemical engineering reported that in 1880, Davis overheard a chemical manufacturer say something about chemical engineering. Although this was never proven, its still considered Davis’s idea. Chemical engineering is also the reason that the United
The growing relevance of Chemical Engineering in today’s world, from energy & oil industries to pharmaceuticals & biotechnology, and a keen desire for applying this knowledge in interrelated spheres motivates me to pursue a Master’s degree in this field. My interest in science goes back to the time when I was in school. We had a young and enthusiastic teacher who took us on field trips and visits to science fairs and museums. This nascent interest has only burgeoned through my years in school and high school, as I have learnt more about the subject. In the long run, I see myself as a part of a leading research group, either as a faculty member or in the R&D department of an organisation contributing my bit to the field of Chemical Engineering. As a research scientist, I hope to make a difference in this field and learn more through the innovative challenges.
6. I then rinsed out the beaker and glass rod into the flask to make