The four arguments that companies, industries, and governments use to legitimate protectionist policies are in actuality “protection against more efficient competitors.” (458) The protection is needed to keep from turning to foreign competition. The US imports a plethora of items because the competition cannot be beat. It is difficult to compete when workers in different countries are being paid “less than a quarter of the U.S. minimum wage of $7.25.”(461) Foreign countries are able to produce more efficiently in a way that uses very low costs compared to if it were produced here in the US.
The first argument is the National Security argument. This argument for protection is necessary in that if the US could no longer import and rely on other countries for things such as “aircraft, ordnance and nuclear submarines,” (460) then the defense industries in the US would need to produce these items; therefore needing protection. With this argument, it is very valid in situations that could arise in times of war and being cut off from foreign countries. If too many US industries counted on foreign suppliers for items and then we were suddenly cut off, the US would need to start producing those items which would be difficult due to them once being produced in very low wage paying countries. Like Slavin questions, foreign imports could make the US vulnerable at a time of war because then how would these defense items be efficiently produced? This argument is about US security and how it is to be maintained if imports from foreign countries went awry.
The second argument is the infant industry argument. This argument is for protection of companies that are not as efficient as its competitors in the same industry and are small in that fiel...
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...ompetition need either the government, their employers, or the federal government to get them on their feet again. They need to be “retrained and possibly relocated” (461) so that they can work in an efficient industry where their jobs aren’t being competed for.
Over all, these four arguments depict what it means to be observant to competition very close to home; though in foreign countries. These “special interest groups for protection against more efficient competitors” (458) understand how ruthless foreign competitors are and how important it is to guard these four elements. Without this protection US would not produce efficiently, and industries would have a hard time in becoming and staying in business. National security, infant industries, low wage, and employment are all components in the US that need protection against an ever changing and competing world.
In this essay, the author
- Argues that the four arguments that companies, industries, and governments use to legitimate protectionist policies are in actuality "protection against more efficient competitors."
- Explains that the national security argument is valid in situations of war and being cut off from foreign suppliers. foreign imports could make the us vulnerable.
- Explains the infant industry argument, which is for protection of companies that are not as efficient as its competitors in the same industry.
- Explains that the us can specialize in "the production of goods and services in which we excel," and buy exports from foreign countries that produce items at "very low wages."
- Explains that us jobs are being outsourced and how outsourcing is necessary if we want things produced efficiently. the pros of importing outweigh the cons.
- Analyzes how these four arguments depict what it means to be observant to competition very close to home; though in foreign countries.
Related
- analytical
- explanatory
- argumentative
- The United States has for over two centuries been involved in the growing world economy. While the U.S. post revolutionary war sought to protect itself from outside influences has since the great depression and world war two looked to break trade restrictions. The United States role in the global economy has grown throughout the 20th century and as a result of several historical events has adopted positions of both benefactor and dependent. The United States trade policy has over time shifted from isolationist protectionism to a commitment to establishing world-wide free trade. Free trade enterprise has developed and grown through organizations such as the WTO and NAFTA. The U.S. in order to obtain its free trade desires has implemented a number of policies that can be examined for both their benefits and flaws. Several trade policies exist as options to the United States, among these fair trade and free trade policies dominate the world economic market. In order to achieve economic growth the United States has a duty to maintain a global trade policy that benefits both domestic workers and industry. While free trade gives opportunities to large industries and wealthy corporate investors the American worker suffers job instability and lower wages. However fair trade policies that protect America’s workers do not help foster wide economic growth. The United States must then engage in economic trade policies that both protect the United States founding principles and secure for tomorrow greater economic stability.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the united states' role in the global economy has grown throughout the 20th century and as a result of several historical events has adopted positions of both benefactor and dependent.
- Explains that the united states free trade agenda includes policies that seek to eliminate all restrictions and quotas on trade. the smoot-hawley act created an economic market of high tariffs and trade restrictions.
- Explains that the benefits of free trade can be seen in both the economic and social realms of the united states.
- Argues that free trade hurts the average american worker while only benefiting the wealthy investors and big business owners.
- Opines that countries must enforce fair play between nations to maximize wealth. the world trade organization is the only free trade enforcement agency, but the u.s. is an area of controversy.
- Explains that the welfare of american workers has played a prominent role in shaping economic politics. fair trade policies protect the american workforce by placing restrictions on foreign products.
- Argues that the u.s. must pursue trade policies that stimulate efficient production and protect the american job market to compete in a global economy.
- Explains that the united states' economic trade policy has changed over the course of time from a solitary national, self-reliant system to an interdependent global market.
2527 wordsRead More - Not long ago, the global economy didn’t matter much to the average American. But the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Most Favored Nation status (MFN) with China taught millions of Americans that economic forces beyond our borders can powerfully affect us, helping determine whether our jobs will be moved away, or whether our wages and benefits will be lowered. One of the great crises facing American workers is “the race to the bottom” within the global economy. As a result of increased capital flow, various “free trade” agreements, and the role of international financial organizations like the International Monetary Fund, workers in the United States are increasingly being put in the position of having to “compete” with desperate Third World workers in Mexico, China, Vietnam and other countries who are forced to work for wages as low as 20 cents an hour. Clearly, Congress must make radical changes in our trade policies and our relationship to such international financial organizations as the IMF and the World Bank. The goal of U.S. policy must be to improve the standard of living of workers in both the United States and the developing world and not simply protect the interests of multinational corporations. We must support “fair trade” and not “free trade,” and demand that corporate America start reinvesting in the United States.
In this essay, the author
- Argues that the north american free trade agreement and most favored nation status with china taught millions of americans that economic forces beyond our borders can powerfully affect us.
- Argues that the north american free trade agreement and most favored nation status with china taught millions of americans that economic forces beyond our borders can powerfully affect us.
- Opines that the wto has enormous power to require changes in our existing national, state, and local laws. the people of south africa have the right to use economic sanctions to fight for democracy.
- Explains that the north american free trade agreement (nafta) has been a disastrous policy for working people and the environment in all three signatory nations.
931 wordsRead More - Competition is Great, but not Perfectanalytical essayIn the article “Competition is Great Game Plan, but not Perfect,” the author M. Ray Perryman states that the economy is doing well due to the competition between companies and firms as the title might indicate (Perryman 1). Although he states that the competition which fuels our economy has problems, like creating monopolies and companies that dominate markets, identifying them early and becoming aware of them we will be able to keep our economy on the path that it is on (1). Mr. Perryman supports this claim by using such strategies as common sense in his reasonability, relevance, and confidence by using his own voice in this successful essay.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how perryman uses the rhetorical strategy of common sense and reasonability when he states that competition lowers prices, enhances consumer choice, promotes innovation, and forces us to use scarce resources efficiently.
- Analyzes how perryman uses the rhetorical appeal of logos and the strategy of relevance to show how competition is not all good and in some ways can hurt the economy.
- Opines that perryman's use of the relevance strategy worked perfectly when he recognized adam smith for foreseeing the problems with competition in 1776.
- Analyzes perryman's use of the confidence strategy by using his own voice during the article in such ways as stating exactly what he thinks should be done in certain instances.
- Opines that the strategies used by perryman in the article, "competition is great game plan, but not perfect," were effective.
- Analyzes how m. ray perryman's essay, "competition is great game plan, but not perfect," states that the economy is doing well due to the competition between companies and firms.
1274 wordsRead More - ...f the ressources. World trade is not a competition. In fact the state of mind will conduct to the protectionism. And the theory of the comparative advantage have shown us that with trade every one raises his standard of living . The fact that the traditional ressources are not the same anymore doesn’t affect the international trade. It just changes the point of view. On the whole of course for policians it is easier to show a programm that talk about competition because everyone is a bit patriotic but we need to take care in what way we are using it. Countries have to work in cooperation and coordination. With this state of mind you would be able to raise the social and environment standards of everyone. For this reason the understanding of the comparative is key factor. Trade conducts to expansion of the economy’s choices and that increases your standard of living.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the 20th century economy has changed and international trade has increased our standard of living. to understand the impact of trade, one needs to understand whether trade is benefical for everyone or leads to dangerous competition.
- Explains the concept of comparative advantage and the importance of a concept called opportunity cost.
- Explains that the concept of relative term is a key concept otherwise you can be mistaken with the absolute advantage which does not take into account the relative wages and prices.
- Explains that the rearrangement of the world resources induces a raise in production and raises the standard of living.
- Explains that the technology has had a very important effect on the traditional theory.
- Opines that international trade should be good for every country, but it's important to know if it leads to competitveness that could be dangerous.
- Opines that specialization is a key point, and that it's not necessary to create an artificial comparative advantage.
- Explains the importance of cooperation and coordination policy, rather than competiveness, and argues that competitveness obsessiveness leads to poor allocation of resources.
- Explains krugman's argument that international trade is not a win-lose game and that countries are not corporations.
- Explains that krugman's paper has shown that the concept of compartive advantage can be easily misunderstood and described as competitveness.
1481 wordsRead More - case oneargumentative essay1. List the needs and expectations that Ms. Linsky and her groups may have in relation to hotel accommodations
In this essay, the author
- Explains that ms. linsky has a lot of planning to do in order to make sure her 200+ attendees are well accommodated so that their 4 day regional meeting goes well.
- Recommends meeting rooms, a convention center, and transportation for the group to help them move around the city.
- Opines that ms. linsky should negotiate a group hotel rate that works within her budget. she should compare prices and choose whichever one works best.
- Explains that a straighter hotel could claim its 5 star status by listing all its facilities and services, including meeting rooms, dining room, 24-hour room service, gym, pool, and limousine service.
- Argues that lamplighter is a different hotel style, providing more homey and cozy feel, which could mean more privacy to the group.
599 wordsRead More - Essay On Free Tradeanalytical essayAlthough countries may sometimes contemplate having completely free trade, their trade policy is usually restricted using methods such as tariffs, quotas, or administrative barriers. (Sloman et al. 2015) Against the potential benefits trade might provide, one has to consider the possible costs incurred. One of the oldest and most cited arguments proposed against free trade is the protection of infant industries and key domestic industries from foreign competitors. In the US, industries such as that of steel, petroleum, automobiles, and aerospace are considered essential to the nation’s welfare in times of war, with the thought that international suppliers will not be as dependable as in times of peace. To preserve the country’s superiority, restricting foreign imports should thus be encouraged in order to stimulate development and growth. Infant industries, meanwhile, are industries that have a potential for comparative advantage, but have not yet developed the economies of scale necessary to accomplish this, lack of necessary networks, or simply financial inadequacy. Protection from foreign competition should then, accordingly, allow them the capacity for expansion and efficiency. These arguments can be considered somewhat more politic than economic, however, and a careful balance between self-sufficiency and the economic costs of foregoing trade ought be
In this essay, the author
- Explains that trade has been an important aspect of human civilization since ancient times, but only with the advent of modern technology has globalization allowed international trade to thrive.
- Explains that ricardo's theory of comparative advantage is based on the concept of opportunity costs.
- Explains the ricardian model, which relies on a variety of assumptions not often accomplished in real world markets.
- Argues that free trade isn't universally agreed upon as the best choice, and that a careful balance between self-sufficiency and the economic costs of foregoing trade should be maintained.
- Argues that the protectionist viewpoint is rooted in their desire to reduce foreign competition against domestic goods and services.
- Argues that while domestic industries are impacted by the introduction of free trade, foreign goods are in no way capable of completely replacing the market share domestic firms own.
- Argues that while jobs are created due to free trade, negative social ramifications occur in the wake of such.
- Opines that the link between trade and poverty alleviation is not automatic, but trade can still be an important force for change.
- Argues that trade as a whole is globally beneficial, allowing countries to produce, as well as receive, at levels otherwise unattainable.
1407 wordsRead More - Free Trade And Women Essayanalytical essayFor more than two hundred years, free trade has been the reliable solution put forth by most prominent economists. If protectionist measures were done away with completely, theoretically each sovereign nation could rise to their highest capacity according to the theory of comparative advantage, thus leading to mass output, higher living standards for citizens and a net gain for society. The 2003 Economic Report of the President reported that free trade: “... Brings greater specialization according to comparative advantage, lower prices, and a wider selection of products and services for both consumers and firms. Openness to trade allows exporters to sell their output in a larger market; workers in export industries benefit as the resulting higher prices for the goods they make translate into higher wages and incomes.” (CEA).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that free trade has been the reliable solution put forth by most prominent economists. if protectionist measures were done away with completely, each sovereign nation could rise to their highest capacity according to the theory of comparative advantage.
- Argues that the history of free trade has been a tenuous one fraught with high sentiments of nationalism and high tariffs.
- Argues that western feminists believe that free trade affects the working conditions and wages of women, and not in a positive way.
- Analyzes the cultural philosophy of confucianism, where societal bonds take precedence over individual rights.
- Explains that free trade is one of the core tenants of liberalism as put forth in the original theory by smith and ricardo of comparative advantage.
- Explains that marxism argues that free trade would drive down workers' wages and encourage countries to "grow rich" at the expense of others.
- Argues that realism opposes the concept of free trade as infringing on a states sovereign identity and national security.
- Explains that they will examine japan's traditional gender roles for women and how it can be affected by free trade agreements. they will highlight the ongoing process of tpp by using historical, cultural and economic histories in relation to japanese women.
- Explains that japan had one of the longest stretches of peace in the world and culture flourished without outside influence.
- Explains that abenomics is a mix of reflation, government spending, and growth strategy designed to jolt the economy out of suspended animation that has gripped it for decades.
- Explains that prime minister abe's main goal is to restore the japanese economy from its twenty-year strong deflation and has already begun shifting towards liberal economic policies like devaluation of the yen, aggressive quantitative easing and more public infrastructure spending.
- Explains that japanese women are the decision makers in the nuclear family unit. they control the finances, ensure that dinner is set on the table, and are involved in their child's life.
- Explains that the trans pacific partnership is a free trade agreement that would include all countries in the asia-pacific region.
- Analyzes how japan's aversion to internationalization was documented during the meiji period. the agricultural industry, whose top five tariffs for dairy, rice, wheat, beef and pork range over 800%, is traditionally protected against foreign imports.
- Explains that as women head the nuclear family unit in japan, their decisions affect the domestic agricultural industry and the future of free trade. while the ministry of culture has been trying to increase an interest in traditional japanese food, japanese women are turning away from food that is expensive and time-consuming to produce.
- Argues that women are marginalized by the patriarchal society that dictates traditional gender roles and maintains the status quo. in japan, prime minister shinzo abe promotes women and girls as an essential part of his economic policy of abenomics.
- Analyzes how holloway emphasizes the role of culture and norms in japanese feminist identity and development, especially with the influence of western ideals.
- Argues that participation in the trans pacific partnership would bring japan back to relevance in world affairs should it be signed.
3047 wordsRead More - Caseexplanatory essayThe Degradation of Mental Health Care in South American Countries The mental health system in Puerto Rico, Maria’s country of origin, as the new decade began in 2000 consisted of primary care physicians—not mental health experts—who prescribed medication to treat mental health disorders (Dumit, 2012). But jobs were scarce in Puerto Rico, and health care, especially mental health care, was very limited. Doctors and hospitals were places where you went when you were sick; preventative care and outpatient mental health care was almost unheard of in the early 2000’s in rural Puerto Rico (Dumit, 2012).
In this essay, the author
- Explains how the first diagnostic and statistical manual (dsm) influenced the use of medication for psychiatric disorders. karl menninger believed that all disorders could be reducible to one basic psychosocial process.
- Explains the medical side effects of psychotropic medications, including insulin resistance, narcolepsy, tardive dyskinesia, and agranulocytosis.
- Explains that puerto rico's mental health system consisted of primary care physicians and psychiatric hospitals. maria lived in a rural area with no major medical centers or teaching hospitals; pharmaceutical companies marketed to nurse practitioners and physician assistants.
- Explains that psychosocial stressors were now symptoms of a disease. children were viewed as ideal patients as they were compliant when told to take pills.
1160 wordsRead More - caseanalytical essayMild intellectual disabilities affects around 85 percent of people (Mental Health and Wellness Information 1). Having an intellectual disability means that one is “limited in their ability to learn and their capacity for putting learning to use.” (What Everyone Should Know 1) Many people may think that an individual with an intellectual disability cannot live an independent lifestyle and be happy, however they are wrong. Although the individual that was interviewed struggles with certain everyday tasks she lives a fairly “normal” lifestyle.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that mild intellectual disabilities affect around 85 percent of people. an intellectual disability means that one is limited in their ability to learn and put learning to use.
- Narrates how ella was diagnosed with a mild intellectual disability when she was five years old. she was uninterested in her surroundings and couldn't remember simple things.
- Analyzes how ella remembers spending her entire day in a special education classroom up until she was enrolled in mainstream classes and accompanied by an aide every day.
- Explains that ella has graduated high school and decided not to go to college. she has gotten rewards for being on time and never calling out sick. individuals with an intellectual disability are capable of living a normal lifestyle.
- Explains that ella enjoys working with animals and is passionate about it. she said that if her mom would let her volunteer at the shelter for the rest of her life, she would quit her job.
- Explains that ella's homelife has strengths and struggles with certain elements that are key to living independently. she takes her dogs for a walk, feeds and plays with them, cleans her room, and puts groceries away.
- Analyzes how ella's struggles with her aren't surprising. she forgets to put the timer on when cooking and fire alarms go off multiple times.
- Explains that ella's mother needs to be with her when she cooks or is told to do laundry because she needs that guidance.
- Explains that not everyone with an intellectual disability will struggle with the same household chores that ella struggles with.
- Analyzes how ella's mother talked to her about moving into an independent living complex in order for her to feel more independent.
- Explains that ella has decided that independent living is something she would like to follow through with. she is excited to be able to make her own rules for herself.
- Opines that even though intellectual disabilities make it harder for individuals like ella to live a “normal” lifestyle due to their limited ability to learn, it is not impossible. people with an intellectual disability can still acquire jobs, move into their own place, and can be satisfied with their lives.
1110 wordsRead More - Pros And Cons Of Fair Tradeanalytical essay“Economic efficiency” stated previously is an effect in the long run that doesn’t benefit the factory workers who could lose their job in the short-term. Free trade increases a nation’s overall economy and productivity, but at the same time, millions are forced to change careers as seen in a 2013 report showed how NAFTA -a free trade organization- forced one million U.S job losses (Williams J). In addition to this, Robinson also argues that free trade encourages businesses to move countries which entail “systematic labor abuses and destruction of the environment” in these poor environments. On top of these two cons, economists envision trade barriers to be insignificant but politicians signing trade agreements are always biased to their own interests. This leads to documents with heaps of loopholes and potential advantages for established businesses. In many cases, agreements replaced existing regulations with new ones that favored bigger
In this essay, the author
- Explains that free trade and fair trade advocates have very different ideologies and there are several different generalizations that can be made.
- Argues that free and fair trade have both been important actors in the coffee industry. free trade advocates believe supply and demand are the only necessary for determining a free market.
- Explains that the coffee industry is a controversial topic when comparing free trade and fair trade. fair trade promotes sustainability and better production conditions for farmers.
- Explains that free trade is aimed at enabling countries to specialize in the goods and products that they are most efficient in whereas fair trade provides sustainability and equity to the marketplace.
- Argues that fair trade provides living wages and opportunities to those who might otherwise be exploited by the free market.
- Argues that free trade policies improve economic efficiency, reduce corruption, and reduce the likelihood of war.
1663 wordsRead More