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Essays on archaeology
Question Of Archaeology
Essays on archaeology
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Throughout history there have been several occasions in which archaeologists tested the ethical boundaries of their work. Some case studies that reflect this are the African American Burial Ground in New York City and the Myths of the Moundbuilders. The controversial issues which arose from these cases helped to improve archaeologist’s communication with the public. During the movie “The African Burial Ground: An American Discovery,” it was explained that remains were discovered as a consequence of the planned construction of a Federal office building in Lower Manhattan. This not only created an uproar between the stakeholders and the archaeologists, but it affected the surrounding community due to the insensitivity from the archaeologists.
Whitney Battle-Baptiste, the author of Black Feminist Archaeology creates the framework of this book because as a Black woman who is interested in race, gender, and cultural views, believes that too often in mainstream archaeological theory, Black culture and the experiences of Black women and our families are overlooked and dismissed. Dr. Baptiste states her explanation on how joining Black Feminist Theory and archaeology in her projects provides a way to open a discussion between archaeologists, which is her intent. It also shows that “when archaeologists critically engage with a dialogue about the intersectionality of race and gender, we begin to see the deeper forms of oppression and how they affect the lives of marginalized populations.”.
Ever take a midnight train to Georgia? No, well ever drive through Georgia? When driving through Georgia on State Road 49, there is a little town called Andersonville that is very easy to miss. To many it is just another town. Yet this town has its own trail. The Andersonville Trail is a small brown dirt road that leads visitors to the Andersonville National Historic Site (Roberts xi). This National Historic Site looks like a “well- tended” national cemetery. On closer examination, this cemetery is nothing like Arlington (Roberts xi). “In this national cemetery, the marble headstones are so close together, they almost touch. The markers appear to be one long head...
Dunham’s Dynamic Museum also located in East Saint Louis was built most importantly to continue fighting racism by showing the importance and dignity of dark skinned people, as her entire life she saw the difference in treatment between her, a light skin, and a dark skinned person. (Dunham 559) “In comprehending Miss Dunham, then, one has to think not just of dance, not just of drums, not just of primitive rhythms, but of a totem-woman of African spirituality and cultural wealth” (Dunham 559).
The show portrays that forensic anthropologists are responsible for almost every aspect of the death investigation, which does not correctly depict the role of forensic anthropologists (Wood,2017a). The method of which components of the biological profile, like sex of the remains, is also incorrectly portrayed as Dr. Brennan estimated the sex using a trait that does not accurately indicate sexual dimorphism (Wood, 2017c). Lastly, the complexity of personal identification, which is one of the most important aspects of forensic anthropology casework (Krishan et al, 2016), is not portrayed correctly as Dr. Brennan and her team based the identification of the remains on one trait that has questionable reliability (Charles & Levisetti, 2011). All in all, ‘The feet on the beach’ episode of ‘Bones’ does not accurately portray the forensic anthropology as it is romanticized for entertainment and overly simplified for a lay person to
When I was thinking about this, I immediately thought of an article from Saidiya Hartman titled, Venus in Two Act. This source highlights the importance of recognizing the individual lives of African American slaves, while not crossing the line of imagining a life for them. Hartman’s main argument was that when you begin to imagine a life for the slaves, you are remembering their narrative as only a slave and, therefore, not celebrating their life, but instead condemning them to an eternal life of slavery. African Americans were not only slaves and this was not their entire life, yet we cannot begin to understand or try to imagine what their life might have been. Hartman also talks about the archive, stating, and “I chose not to tell a story about Venus because to do so would have trespassed the boundaries of the archive.” Through this statement, Hartman also makes the point that one cannot imagine a life for a slave because their lives are not documented in the archives, and so there is no distinct line to draw of when one is crossing over into the make believe
There has been a lot of controversy regarding human remains and the field of archaeology for some time. The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) protect the Native American’s rights over their human remains and cultural items. Proposed by the Morris Udall, former Congress Member for Arizona second District, NAGPRA was passed by the Congress in November 1990. The congress’ intention was to facilitate the repatriation of the Native Americans skeleton and cultural remains that were held in museums and federal agencies. In compliance with the Act, anthropologists returned several skeletal remains that were conserved in their study laboratories and museums to the respective Native tribes. In 1998, for example, the University of Nebraska repatriated over 1702 cultural artifacts to the affiliated Native Americans (Niesel 1). This was a significant blow to the scientific and anthropology studies as it marked the loss of necessary resources in unraveling the development of the human being.
In the heart of downtown Fort Walton Beach, Florida lies a magnificent hill of earth created by prehistoric Native Americans as a political and religious center. Built about 1,400 AD, this structure of earth is known today as The Indian Temple Mound. This temple mound represents one of the most outstanding artifacts left by the early inhabitants of the area. Not only is it thought to be the largest mound located on saltwater, but also it could possibly be one of the largest prehistoric earthworks on the Gulf Coast. Many events that took place so long ago in the past have been discovered due to the objects found in this mound. In 1961, The Indian Temple Mound Museum was built. This museum was the first municipally owned museum in the State of Florida. Today the museum has a two-dollar charge to enter, yet it has become one of leading
The underlying problems that continue to affect mortality rates among African Americans in inner cities are structured under the lack of knowledge and government support. To remedy the mortality decline in the black community it is equivocally important to understand their cultural heritage and provide a change in the communities that will be embraced and foster cultural change. The United States has an epidemic festering in the inner cities that if not properly addressed can destroy the fabric of a community and spread to other areas of society.
African American Hardships During pre-colonial African kinship and inheritance, it provided the basis of organization of many African American communities. African American men were recognized for the purpose of inheritance. They also inherited their clan names based on their accomplishments, as well as other things when one died. Land was not owned in many parts of Africa during the pre-colonial period. It was yet held and distributed by African American men.
Colson, E. (2006). Case 21: Ethical Dilemmas and Moral Responsibilities. Handbook on Ethical Issues in Anthropology.
Moundville has been the focus of a large amount of archaeological interest due to its impressive earthworks. Clarence B. Moore produced well-publicized works. During his time in Moundville in 1905 and 1906, Moore pierced the mounds with “trial holes,” finding numerous burials and related artifacts. Unlike many treasure hunters, Moore donated the majority of his find...
A 19-year old female from Harford County, Maryland, narrated the story of Black Aggie, the urban legend of an overnight stay in a cemetery. She grew up Christian, and still lives in one of the more rural areas of Maryland with her younger sister and parents, who own and work at an electrical contracting business. Accustomed to hearing many ghost stories and urban legends, she first heard the story of Black Aggie during a middle school slumber party. Late one Saturday night over pizza in our Hagerstown dorm, she was more than willing to share her favorite urban legend with me.
In From Slavery to Freedom (2007), it was said that “the transition from slavery to freedom represents one of the major themes in the history of African Diaspora in the Americas” (para. 1). African American history plays an important role in American history not only because the Civil Rights Movement, but because of the strength and courage of Afro-Americans struggling to live a good life in America. Afro-Americans have been present in this country since the early 1600’s, and have been making history since. We as Americans have studied American history all throughout school, and took one Month out of the year to studied African American history. Of course we learn some things about the important people and events in African American history, but some of the most important things remain untold which will take more than a month to learn about.
In Natasha Trethewey’s poetry collection “Native Guard”, the reader is exposed to the story of Trethewey’s growing up in the southern United States and the tragedy which she encountered during her younger years, in addition to her experiences with prejudice. Throughout this work, Trethewey often refers to graves and provides compelling imagery regarding the burial of the dead. Within Trethewey’s work, the recurring imagery surrounding graves evolves from the graves simply serving as a personal reminder of the past to a statement on the collective memory of society and comments on what society chooses to remember and that which it chooses to let go of.
Every day people who have a desire to interact with the past purchase ancient artifacts through the antiquities market, a system that has existed for many generations. However, the antiquities market is a system that has always been met with resistance, especially among those within the scholarly community of archaeologists. Many archaeologists and scholars have argued against this market, stating that it turns antiques into a commodity, encourages looting and is therefore a detriment to archaeology. On the other side, those in favor of this market have the antiquities market provides people with a great deal of exposure to the past. Both sides have their merit in regards to this controversial issue. However, when looking at the antiquities