Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a broad term covering a family of diseases linked by common risk factors and caused by atherosclerosis. These diseases include coronary heart disease, myocardial infarctions, heart failure, stroke, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, peripheral artery disease, vascular dementia, and others included in ICD10 codes 100-199. CVD is the leading cause of death throughout the world, accounting for more than 17.5 million deaths in 2012; 31% of all global deaths [1]; more deaths than all forms of cancer combined. In 2013, CVD was the underlying cause of death for over 800,900 deaths, approximately 31% of all deaths in the United States [2]. In 2013 the overall attributable death …show more content…
CVD is the leading cause of death in both women and men over the age of 65. CVD is both a huge burden on the health care system and a huge economic burden. From 2011 to 2012, the average annual direct and indirect cost of CVD in the United States was estimated at $316.6 billion [2]. These costs included direct costs of physicians, hospitals, medication and health care, estimated at $193.1 billion, as well as the indirect costs of lost productivity and mortality, estimated at $123.5 billion [2]. Projections for 2030 indicate that 43.9% of the US population will have some form of CVD and total costs associated with CVD will increase to more than $1.2 trillion [2]. From 1979 to 2011 the US saw a large decline in deaths attributable to CVD; mortality rates dropped 52% in men and 49% in women between 1980 …show more content…
Ford et al found that that 47% of the decrease was due to improved treatment and therapies, including secondary preventive treatments, initial treatment of myocardial infarctions, heart failure treatments and others [4]. Forty-four percent of the decline was due to changes in risk factors; reductions in total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and smoking, along with increased physical activity [4]. The most consistent declines were in adults ≥65 years of age between 1979 and 1989. However, three subsequent decades showed little change in the mortality rates. This was especially true in both men and women between the ages of 35-54. While there are fewer studies of younger people and younger women are particularly underrepresented, it is possible that one of the mechanisms contributing to the sluggish decline of CVD mortality in this group is due to increased risk factors. Atherosclerosis is an underlying cause of CVD; preventing atherosclerosis by reducing risk factors may prevent 90% of all CVD. Exercise, weight loss, healthy eating, limited alcohol consumption, the avoidance of smoking, treatment of hypertension and diabetes are all beneficial in the prevention
Coronary artery disease is a heart disease characterized by narrow arteries and restricted blood flow in arteries and is the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally.[1] According to WHO estimation, 6.8% in men and 5.3% in women are affected globally.[2-4] Cardiovascular disease account for 29% of all deaths in Canada; of all the cardiovascular death, 54% and 23% was due to ischemic heart disease and heart attack, respectively. The total costs for heart disease and stroke were more than $20.9 billion every year. [5,6] With more than 1 artery impacted, multivessel coronary artery disease is more complex and more likely accompanied by other comorbidities including diabetes or high blood pressure; multivessel coronary artery disease usually is more difficult to deal with, has worse prognosis and cost more compared with single coronary artery disease. [7]
Cardiovascular disease is currently the leading cause of death in the United States. It is responsible for one in four deaths every year, about 600,000 mortalities. This disease affects men and women, as well as every ethnic group. Coronary artery disease is the most common cardiovascular disease, representing approximately 400,000 deaths per year of the aforementioned 600,000 total deaths from cardiovascular diseases as a whole. In 2010 alone, coronary artery disease cost the United States $108.9 billion for health care services, medication, and lost productivity. These chilling statistics, published every year by the American Medical Association, demonstrate the immediate need for new and innovative ways to prevent, detect, and treat coronary heart disease. This paper will explore the molecular biology behind the disease while explaining the current treatments and prevention that are available today, why they work and what can be done to improve them.
Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Cardiovascular Disease, or CVD, is Britains biggest killer, responsible for 40% of premature deaths in Britain. CVD is a comprehensive term for several afflictions of the cardiovascular system - the heart and blood vessels of the body. These afflictions are Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, Angina, Coronary Thrombosis and Myocardial Infarction and Stroke. Apart from the high mortality rate - it is estimated that CVD kills 140,000 people a year under 75 years old, chronic heart disease causes incapacitation, suffering and pain in many of it's victims. Much heart disease is also self-inflicted and therefore avoidable.
Today, cardiovascular disease is “the number one killer in the United States and the developed world” (Sapolsky, 2004, p. 41). Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common form of cardiovascular disease, and is responsible for claiming an unreasonable amount of lives every year. CHD can begin to accumulate in young adults, but is prominently found in both men and women in their later adult lives. As a result of CHD, men typically experience heart attacks, whereas women present with chest pains, known as angina (Matthews, 2005).
One of the leading causes of death in the United States is heart disease. “Approximately every 29 seconds one American will have a heart attack, and once a minute one American will die from a heart attack” (Ford-Martin and Odle, 915). According to the Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine men over the age of 45 and women over the age of 55 are considered at risk for heart disease. Heart disease is a major cause of death. It is beneficial to individuals who seek to prevent heart disease to recognize the risks leading to heart attacks as they are one of the primary indications of developing heart disease; especially those that fall into the at risk age groups. These risks consist of some that cannot be changed such as heredity risks, or those that can change such as smoking habits. It is very important to know these specific risks for prevention and to understand the symptoms of heart attacks, such as sweating or the feeling of weakness so if these or other symptoms occur people are aware. Finally heart disease treatment is of vital importance if you experience a heart attack so you can learn how to prevent another one from occurring.
There are so many complex factors for high blood pressure. There are environmental factors. There are genetic factors. Even race plays a huge role in what type of blood pressure is natural for that specific race. You would be amazed of how many factors are in a human being having high or low blood pressure. The traits in having high blood pressure are so complex. And what is amazing about all of these traits and environmental factors is that they are all linked together in a way. And in this essay I will explain how these traits, environmental factors, and even race are all linked in a certain complex way.
Understanding the current practice patterns in primary and secondary prevention in different settings is an important initial step in scaling up prevention activities at state level. These approaches need to be developed to narrow the implementation gap between evidence-based guidelines and the lifestyle, risk factor and therapeutic management of patients with CVD.
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. 13 million people are affected by this disease. CHD is also called Hardening of the Arteries, CAD. CHD is cause by the build-up of plaque in the arteries that connect to the heart. The build-up is caused by fat materials and other substances that form plaque. The plaque builds-up on the wall of the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries are responsible of the blood flow and oxygen that gets to the heart. The build-up of the fat materials causes the arteries to get narrow, this results in the blood flow and oxygen to the heart to slow down or even stop.
High blood pressure can damage and weaken you arteries. It is known as the silent killer because many people do not know they have the condition. High blood pressure is common in some areas of the United States than in others. High blood pressure is the most important risk factor for strokes. It can be controlled by several different ways. You can take medication, lose weight, exercise regularly, eat healthy, reduce sodium in your diet, limited your alcohol you drink, avoid tobacco and secondhand smoke, cut back on caffeine, reduce your stress, monitor your blood pressure at home, and get support from your family and friends
lives. A simple definition of a heart attack is a sudden failure of the heart
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside of the arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the heart and other parts of the body. The plaque that forms can be made up from fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood, which is dependent on their diet. Over time the plaque will cause the arteries to harden which they will lose their elastic function. If this happens it will limit blood flow of oxygen to the organs and other areas of the body. Atherosclerosis can lead to other serious medical problems such as heart attack, stroke, and eventually cause death. When atherosclerosis effects the arteries of the
Currently Americans are at a high risk for heart disease. The Center for Disease Control assess that about 49% of Americans have at least one of these three factors attributing to heart disease: high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). There are also other medical conditions and lifestyle choices that can increase the risk for heart disease such as: diabetes, obesity, excessive alcohol use and physical inactivity. In my opinion, the chronic condition which will have the most impact on the future of our aging baby boomers would be heart disease. I believe this chronic disease holds a strong impact due to the high amount of baby boomers which have this condition, the media’s depiction of how heart disease can affect older adults, as well as family members who have had heart disease when they became older adults. This paper will include my thoughts on heart disease through the lens of demographics, family, social and financial impact, public health network function, and prevention program availability.
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a major health concern for India and her people. India has experienced a steady rise in the burden of CVD, with a six- to eight-fold increase in the prevalence of CVD over the past four decades. Currently, CVD is the leading cause of death in India, with around 28% of deaths attributed to vascular disease. CVD affects both rural and urban populations alike. Among adults, the estimated prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), one subset of CVD, is 8-10 % in urban zones and 3-4 % in rural areas. While the current burden of the problem is great, with over 30 million people affected, it is only projected to get worse, with a total of around 64 million cases likely in 2015 and deaths due to CVD expected to double between 1990-2020. This will make India host to over 50% of heart disease cases in the world within the next 10 years.
Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke. The leading Cause of cardiovascular disease can be smoking, diabetes, stress, high blood pressure and excessive use of alcohol or caffeine.In this passage I will be informing you about 5 risk factors that can be controlled to reduce your risk for cardiovascular disease
Over two thirds of deaths in each year among estimated yearly deaths are due to non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetics, cancer and upper res...