I. Introduction
The heart is a major organ of the cardiovascular system, essential in maintaining homeostasis. In order to measure the efficiency of the heart, one must analyze his or her blood pressure. Blood pressure consists of two values—the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure. The systolic pressure value is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) determined by the force blood exerts on the vessels in which the ventricles of the heart contract. On the other hand, the diastolic pressure measures the force of blood when ventricles are relaxed (Patton and Thibodeau, 2009). Since the pressure required to squeeze blood through a contracted heart is much higher than the pressure required to circulate blood through relaxed chambers,
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Therefore, the experiment required the use of a sphygmometer—an instrument consisting of a rubber cuff—to determine both the systolic and diastolic values of blood pressure. Students utilized VernierPro sphygmometers, connecting the device to computers through USB and collecting the data through the LoggerPro program. After placing the electronic sphygmometers on the brachial artery, students squeezed the sphygmometer cuff bulbs, increasing the pressure of the device to 160 mmHg before pressing the “collect” button. Then, students calmly sat in their seats as the pressure automatically deflated until reaching zero—revealing the student’s systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and heart rate. After collecting the data for their resting blood pressure and heart rate, student proceeded to exit the building to engage in physical activity. Such activities included jumping rope, frisbee, and four-square. After twenty minutes of exercise, students then returned indoors to measure their post-activity results. In order to prevent inaccuracies due to the period of inactivity during the journey from the outdoors back to the classroom, jump ropes were brought indoors in order for students to elevate their heart rates prior to the remeasurement. After the elevation of the heart rate, students then engaged in the same procedure mentioned previously to measure their post-activity blood pressure …show more content…
These increases in both systolic pressure and diastolic pressure supports that if an individual exercises, his or her systolic and diastolic blood pressure will increase.
Since the systolic pressure measures the pressure that occurs when blood pushes against the walls of the heart during contractions, the increase in systolic pressure reveals that more blood is being pushed through the heart. This statement is further supported by the change in heart rate—increasing from 76 to 101 bpm. The increase in heart rate indicates that the heart is pumping more blood through its ventricles per minute, thus satisfying the need of the body for more oxygen. This increase in the pumping of more blood is known as increased cardiac output (Patton and Thibodeau,
In this lab, I took two recordings of my heart using an electrocardiogram. An electrocardiogram, EKG pg. 628 Y and pg. 688 D, is a recording of the heart's electrical impulses, action potentials, going through the heart. The different phases of the EKG are referred to as waves; the P wave, QRS Complex, and the T wave. These waves each signify the different things that are occurring in the heart. For example, the P wave occurs when the sinoatrial (SA) node, aka the pacemaker, fires an action potential. This causes the atria, which is currently full of blood, to depolarize and to contract, aka atrial systole. The signal travels from the SA node to the atrioventricular (AV) node during the P-Q segment of the EKG. The AV node purposefully delays
The Mayo Clinic’s book on High Blood Pressure was full of detailed facts about blood pressure and what it is. This is extremely significant to the experiment because blood pressure is one of the variables being tested. Understanding blood pressure is one of the key components to receiving accurate results from this experiment. Most of the book is on high blood pressure, which is not necessary for the experiment, but the book still had plenty of useful information about blood pressure itself. The book explains that when the heart beats, a surge of blood is released from the left ventricle. It also tells of how arteries are blood vessels that move nutrients and oxygenated blood from the heart to the body’s tissues. The aorta, or the largest artery in the heart, is connected to the left ventricle and is the main place for blood to leave the heart as the aorta branches off into many different smaller
Materials: This Cardiovascular activity was performed by different groups of students who were divided into groups of 4. A low step platform and stopwatch was used in both experiments of this study.
... uptake during submaximal exercise but did increase heart rate and the rate-pressure product at rest and during both exercise and recovery’.
Hypertension can be defined as a force exerted against the wall of blood vessels. However, high blood pressure occurs when there is high pressure at the time of ventricle contraction during the systolic phase against decrease contract during diastolic phase as the ventricles relax and refill. This can be recorded as systolic over diastolic in millimeters of mercury. (Wallymahmed, M. 2008).
The heart serves as a powerful function in the human body through two main jobs. It pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body and “blood vessels called coronary arteries that carry oxygenated blood straight into the heart muscle” (Katzenstein and Pinã, 2). There are four chambers and valves inside the heart that “help regulate the flow of blood as it travels through the heart’s chambers and out to the lungs and body” (Katzenstein Pinã, 2). Within the heart there is the upper chamber known as the atrium (atria) and the lower chamber known as the ventricles. “The atrium receive blood from the lu...
Introduction : The heart provides the body with all the nutrients it needs to preform its daily functions. Through systolic and diastolic pressures, the heart pumps blood to the the lungs in order to pick up oxygen and then to parts of the body. Pressure is created when the heart ejects blood from its chambers. That pressure is called the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and it is dependent on two variables: cardio output (CO) and total pressure resistance (TPR).
The research problem is clearly stated in the introduction and various times during the literature review. While it is known that automatic sphygmomanometers are not as accurate when compared to the gold standard of manual sphygmomanometer during single blood pressure readings they are still being used a triage instruments in emergency departments (Dind, Short, Ekholm, & Holdgate, 2011, p. 526). Triage is an essential step in the emergency department and instruments used in triage need to be accurate. Little is known about the accuracy of automatic devices when assessing postural blood pressures. It is shown in this study that orthostatic hypotension is a direct link to what triage category the patient is assigned, which can affect variables such as wait time and care received, so accurate measurement of this is an important factor in the emergency setting (Dind et al., 2011, p. 531).
As the exercise intensifies, you need more energy and therefore more oxygen. Your blood carries oxygen from the lungs to your muscles. To keep up with these increased oxygen needs, you have to have more blood going into your muscles. As a result, your heart pumps faster, sending more oxygenated blood to your muscles per second. Aim-
AIM: - the aim of this experiment is to find out what the effects of exercise are on the heart rate. And to record these results in various formats. VARIABLES: - * Type of exercise * Duration of exercise * Intensity of exercise * Stage of respiration
When your heart pumps blood against the walls of your blood vessels it’s called blood pressure. Your doctor must have taken your blood pressure using a blood pressure monitor, so I’ll let u know what the number means. Your blood pressure is represented with two numbers, the systolic and diastolic, and measured in units of millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Systolic pressure is the number on top for example 120 from the blood pressure 120/80 mmHg. Systolic tells you how much pressure is is being exerted upon the artery walls, as your heart pumps blood.
Investigating the Effect of Exercise on the Heart Rate Introduction For it's size the heart has the huge capacity of pumping large amounts of blood, in the average adult's heart beats 60 to 100 times a minute, pumps between 70ml and 100ml of blood with each beat, circulates 5 to 6 litres of blood around the body per minute and about 13 litres of blood per minute during vigorous exercise. The heart will beat more then 2.5 billion times during an average lifetime. This investigation will be looking at the effect of exercise on the heart rate. Aim The aim of this investigation is to find out how exercise affects the heart rate, using research & experimenting on changes and increases in the heart rate using exercise. Research â— The heart The normal heart is a strong, hardworking pump made of muscle tissue.
The heart is a pump with four chambers made of their own special muscle called cardiac muscle. Its interwoven muscle fibers enable the heart to contract or squeeze together automatically (Colombo 7). It’s about the same size of a fist and weighs some where around two hundred fifty to three hundred fifty grams (Marieb 432). The size of the heart depends on a person’s height and size. The heart wall is enclosed in three layers: superficial epicardium, middle epicardium, and deep epicardium. It is then enclosed in a double-walled sac called the Pericardium. The terms Systole and Diastole refer respectively and literally to the contraction and relaxation periods of heart activity (Marieb 432). While the doctor is taking a patient’s blood pressure, he listens for the contractions and relaxations of the heart. He also listens for them to make sure that they are going in a single rhythm, to make sure that there are no arrhythmias or complications. The heart muscle does not depend on the nervous system. If the nervous s...
D. standing near her room, breathing sharply. While asked what has just happened, she answered, ‘I feel dizzy and can faint!’ Mrs. D. then explained that she rose up from her chair in the television room and felt lightheaded. I decided to bring her to the room hoping she would feel less dizziness if she could sit. After consultation with my mentor and third year unit nursing student, I decided to perform measurement of her vital signs. Since only electronic sphygmomanometer was available for me that time, I had to use it for my procedure. Gladly, I discovered that I have already used such equipment in my previous nursing practice. Using the standard sized calf, I found that her blood pressure was 135/85, respirations were 16, and her pulse was 96 beats per minute (bpm). However, I decided to recheck the pulse manually, founding that it was irregular (78 bpm). The patient stated that she felt better after rest. Immediately after the incident I made a decision to explore carefully the medical chart of Mrs. D., along with her nursing care plan. That helped me to discover multiple medical diagnoses influencing her
This reflection of vital signs will go into discussion about the strengths and weaknesses of each vital sign and the importance of each of them. Vital signs should be assessed many different times such as on admission to a health care facility, before and after something substantial has happened to the patient such as surgery and so forth (ref inter). I learned to assess blood pressure (BP), pulse (P), temperature (T) and respiration (R) and I will reflect and discuss which aspects were more difficult and ways to improve on them. While pulse, respiration and temperature were fairly easy to become skilled at, it was blood pressure which was a bit more difficult to understand.