According to Reid and Ramani, biotechnology is “a set of generic technologies that involve manipulation or change of genetic patrimony of living organisms for industrial application” (Reid and Ramani). The origin of biotechnology can be traced back to the 1970’s in the United States. When it comes to advancement of biotechnology in developing countries, India is one of the leaders in research since India is highly receptive to new technologies. Neighboring countries in the region, like Bangladesh, depend on India for technological breakthroughs and innovations such as agriculture and medicine. There is a high rate of malnutrition in Bangladesh, since the country has issues with crop production due to the low quality of soil. According to …show more content…
In order for India to improve these conditions, the country has to rely on observing and implementing technologies developed in first world countries such as the US and UK. This would allow India to share the systems and processes with Bangladesh to help that country improve. However, the implementation of the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights agreement (TRIPS) by the World Trade Organization (WTO) caused complications in agricultural and pharmaceutical advancement in India, thereby affecting Bangladesh as well.
India’s method of research and development in biotechnology heavily relies on effective absorption. This is basically learning different processes from more developed countries. The reason for this is that biotechnology is relatively new in India and the country lacks the infrastructure for inclusive development of biotechnology. This includes the lack of a regulatory agency, issues in financing, and the social competence of India’s workforce (Reid and Ramani). In order for developing countries like India to enter the biotech industry, the understanding of products and processes
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Knowledge is a critical component that leads to innovation in science and technology. As stated before, knowledge gathered through the effective absorption method was made complex from the TRIPS agreement. A possible solution that was consistent in both the Reid and Ramani and Mallick articles was that India should build a network consisting of academic institutions, government, and private technology firms. Mallick states that “a network, as a locus of innovation, provides timely access to knowledge and resources that are otherwise unavailable and adds to existing internal expertise and learning capabilities” (Mallick). It is implied that India should collaborate with other countries that have strength in knowledge in regards to biotechnology for the purpose of sharing information. One of the liberal economic concepts that encompass the use of a network for economic growth is called the catch-up theory. A product of this theory is the National System of Innovation (NSI), a practical framework for developing countries to implement in their government policy in regards to emerging fields such as biotechnology. NSI is fairly new since there is a need for more empirical data to gauge its effectiveness in knowledge production. It is also implied in the Reid article that knowledge that may help a developing country, such as India, to grow economically, must be freely available. Some
Biotechnology is the request of scientific techniques that help alter and improve plants, animals, and microor¬ganisms to enhance their value. Agricultural biotech¬nology deals with biotechnology that is involved with applica¬tions to agriculture. It helps with the intensification of crop productivity by introducing such advantages as disease that are resistant and have an increase in deficiency tolerance to the crops. So now, research¬ers are able to select genes for disease resistance from other types of species and transfer them to important crops.
The multi-national elite has seized for itself all privileges to create and innovate at the expense of the developing countries, who can no longer access the information and technology necessary to alleviate the suffering and privations of their citizens. The developing world has become the consumer of information, technology, drugs and research. It has become a market for the developed world. The law of intellectual property which is meant to incentivize innovation has been turned into a system of retarding innovation by perpetrating monopolies and a protectionist business
In 2012, the global are of genetically modified crops continued to increase for the 17th year in a row at a rate of 6% (25 million acres). The area of genetically modified crops, or biotech crops, has increased almost 100-fold since commercialization in 1996, making biotech crops the fastest adopted crop technology in the history of modern agriculture (“ISAAA”). The biotech boom has changed the way that producers grow their crops, for better or for worse. The explosion of genetically modified crops and foods has stirred a debate whether they are a harmful liability to the environment and to society or they are a beneficial, new technology that can help provide food to the rapidly increasing world population.
According to the article GMOs Under Scrutiny by Racheal Ehrenberg, genetically modified organisms or GMOs have neither benefitted nor negatively affected our way of living. The assumption that GMOs are causing a variable of health problems holds no credible scientific evidence. There is proof, however, in developing countries like India genetically modified crops like cotton containing bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt have resulted in higher yields and profits for the poor farmers. Thanks to its resistance to bollworm farmers using Bt cotton can save money on herbicides, saving more money for food and education. Many of the GMOs have been developed to only assists farmers; now the development to provide nutrition around the word with GMOs is in development.
Are genetically modified foods safe? Genetically modified foods are crop plants created for human or animal consumption using molecular biological techniques. These plants have been modified to enhance certain traits like increased resistance to herbicides or improve nutritional content. This process traditionally has been done through breeding, but is not very accurate. Scientists have been using biotechnology to implant the gene that makes the plants act the way they want them to. Genetically modified foods have advantages and disadvantages on the environment and advantages and disadvantages on society. We have to weigh the positives and negatives to see if genetically modified foods are healthy for us and if we really need them.
In modern times the use of the word – biotechnology- has reach epidemic proportions. Many days it feels as though you can’t walk down an aisle in the supermarket or turn on the news without hearing about “genetically engineered crops!”, non GMO chips or non GMO snacks. But what exactly is Biotechnology? Are GMOs the future? And if GMOs and Biotechnology are the future, should I be worried about my health or the health of my loved ones?
Falkner, Robert. “The Global Biotech Food Fight: Why The United States Got It So Wrong.” Brown Journal Of World Affairs 14.1 (2007): 99-110. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Nov. 2011.
Many people feel that biology has become more advanced than physics. Biology has in fact become the new focus of the future as we tend to use it a lot in our daily lives. The study of Biotechnology is known as the branch of molecular biology that studies the use of microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes. This study shows that our lives can be transformed.
Governments of some developing countries often express doubts about introducing strong international Intellectual Property Rights and legislation into their framework. Most developing countries will most often base their scientific research and economy on the employment of foreign basic technology imported from industrialized countries. Both of these areas can be negatively affected by IP protection that is too strong. Developed countries often don’t take into account that while strict regulations of Intellectual Property is, at times, necessary to protect copyright holders, that the same strict IP laws limit how developing countries can interact with them.
Case of UK Genetic Knowledge Parks." Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 19.2 (2007): 189-204. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 21 Apr. 2011.
COMTEX News Network, Inc; “Bangladesh among the worst trade performers in South Asia: report”. InfoTrac Web: Gen’l Reference Ctr Gold. December 5, 2003; Xinhua News Agency, Dec. 9, 2003. Sri Nandanandana, “Preaching in India’s Northeast For Cultural Preservation” VaiShnava News February 21, 2003; Retrieved Dec. 9, 2003 http://www.vnn.org/world/WD0302/WD21-7837.html. Dr. S. M. Shamim ul Moula, “Fighting Disease”
From the 2000 survey, 97% of respondents reported familiarity with the term “biotechnology,” implying awareness of biotechnology has increased significantly among the Japanese public.
We live in a world that is constantly changing and advancing thanks to technological advancements, especially in the field of molecular genetics. Today, we are discovering and implementing new ways to overcome the ill-fated symptoms developed as a result from poor health or accidents. We are also making advancements in the field of agriculture thanks to molecular genetics. As we all know, food is an essential entity in our lives and is abundant as well as relatively easy to obtain here in the United States. However, as good as it may sound, this is not necessarily true for developing countries. Many people in developing countries receive very little food, if any, due to its scarcity. It is estimated that in Asia alone, close to 800 million people go to bed hungry every night due to food shortage. This problem can be alleviated by turning to the production of genetically modified organisms (a.k.a. GMOs).
The various industrial exposers prompted me to obtain higher degree (MS and Ph.D) and to explore the untapped fields in biotechnology which may prove beneficial to the industry and ultimately to human kinds at large. Hopefully, I find your kind consideration to fulfill my desires to grow in the research field that would help me in working on the field of my interest.
In modern society, governments in both developed and developing countries contribute financial resources to various forms of research and development (R&D). This type of investment assists society to function more effectively, because of inventions and innovations in many sectors, such as health, education, technology and science. In this way, social growth is encouraged at both a national and international level, which further supports improved business and commercial expansion. Based on this, it can be understood that government funding promotes scientific exploration of new ideas and processes that can advance the standard of living around the world. Therefore, it is argued that government funding for research benefits society. This will be examined with reference to the way government funding for medical research aids society, and scientific production on technology.