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The impact of language development on bilingual children
The impact of language development on bilingual children
The impact of language development on bilingual children
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It has always been difficult for SLPs (Speech Language Pathologist) to diagnose bilingual children. There are several factors that make bilingual children much harder to assess compared to monolingual children. First, the diversity makes it hard to group students together by language spoken because the language used can all be different. A classroom can include a Spanish bilingual, and a Chinese bilingual at the same time. Second, most SLPs are not bilingual. It is especially hard to find SLPs and interpreters for languages with very few speakers in the region. Third, the SLP would likely be a monolingual mainstream English speaker, and the SLP would no be sensitive to bilingual differences and over diagnose bilingual children with SLI.
Bilingual children itself is ambiguous. There is a large variation in bilingualism. One can be bilingual since birth receiving inputs of two or more
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First, the SLP has to understand the usage of each language. The SLP needs to consider the settings of which language is used when and where. If English in used in classrooms and Spanish is spoken at home, the vocabulary the child knows might correspond to the language that occurs more frequently. It is important to assess both languages and compare them. A bilingual child can have SLI in either languages, or just one language. Often many SLPs are only able to assess in English, and they can misdiagnose someone with SLI due to the child’s lack of English skills. Bilingual children often have more vocabulary when combined both languages, but lack in vocabulary when compared to monolinguals of one language. Although, bilinguals catch up eventually, it is important to make sure they receive certain help in improving their English skills, since lack of English skills might result in doing poorly in school work. Maximizing the assessment scores for bilinguals on assessments helps the child not to be misdiagnosed as having
The specialist noticed that Lupita had a hard time answering test items that she did not understand. The specialist allowed the examinee to use scratch paper and pencil to eliminate test anxiety. The specialist also did away with the time requirements of the test and used accurate context vocabulary. It was evident that Lupita’s stress level went down; in addition, her new IQ score of 100 reflected it. In my opinion, the strategies that the specialist utilized reflected appropriate course of action to use with a child from culturally or linguistically diverse background
Valdes, G., & Figueroa, R. A. (1994). Bilingualism and testing: a special case of bias. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex.
Serra, C. (2007). Assessing CLIL at Primary School: A Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 10(5), 582-602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2167/beb461.0
Purcell, J., Lee, M., & Biffin, J. (2006). Supporting bilingual children in early childhood. Learning Links. Retrieved from http://www.learninglinks.org.au/pdf/infosheets/LLIS%2050_Bilingualism.pdf
.... Infants also have the ability to discriminate between languages at an early age so it is clear that if part of a bilingual nursery, languages that are used are done so on a regular basis. This will prevent the infants from losing the ability to hear differences in speech, which occurs as they age. It can also be noted that from a young aged infants become sophisticated in their understanding of their native language.
The article, “Three Treatments for Bilingual Children With Primary Language Impairment: Examining Cross-Linguistic and Cross-Domain Effects”, presents a study that was funded by a grant received from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD). A common developmental disorder such as the one examined in this study, Primary or Specific Language Impairment (PLI), is defined by poor language abilities not attributable to neurological, sensory, cognitive, or motor impairments or to environmental factors (Leonard, 1998; Schwartz, 2009). Children with PLI, show weakness in oral language that contribute to challenges in written language, significantly putting bilingual children with PLI at academic and social risk. The most obvious symptoms can shift with severity of the impairment, characteristics of the language(s) needed to be learned, and the child’s developmental stage. Bilingual children show significant impairment in both of their languages, as compared to their peers with similar language-learning experiences. Due to the significant lack of evidence needed to implement treatment protocols for bilingual children with PLI, researchers compared three different treatment programs that were administered by speech language pathologists (SLPs), on language and cognitive outcomes in Spanish/English bilingual children with PLI. Programs used a combination of computer-based and interactive training strategies.
Kapantzoglou, M., Restrepo, M., & Thompson, M. S. (2012). Dynamic Assessment of Word Learning Skills: Identifying Language Impairment in Bilingual Children. Language, Speech & Hearing Services In Schools, 43(1), 81-96. doi:10.1044/0161-1461(2011/10-0095)
Naturally, bilingualism needs to be taught from birth to be most effective, yet schools ignore this (Meisel).Moving right along, our current teaching methods take some amount of inspiration from ancient romans teaching greek in schools, ways that are extremely outdated (Porter). Much research is focused primarily on bilingual learners who have grown up bilingual, and exclude children who had only begun learning their second language in school (Meisel). Usually, the fears of the people directly involved in bilingual education are ignored by researchers of the subject (Meisel). In Byers-Heinlein’s article they state “A one-person-one-language approach is neither necessary nor sufficient for successful bilingual acquisition,” but later proclaims “In situations where each parent spends equal time with a child, one-parent-one-language can be a great way to ensure equal exposure” (Byers-Heinlein). Generally, the teachers who disagree with the current method of bilingual education are often afraid to speak out because they will be labeled racists, haters of foreign languages, and critics of immigrants (Porter). Moreover, despite the various differing opinions present in the communities of bilingual educators, debates on whether to keep it are not tolerated (Porter). Although, the difficulty with which current bilingual education would be changed would provide one of the few legitimate incentives for teachers to advocate their system; they don’t want to put in the effort to do so (Porter). As a matter of fact, ethnic education politics are one of the only reasons that the current methods are not already abandoned (Porter). Finally, “The case for the effectiveness of Transitional Bilingual Education is so weak that
The speech program is a resource program for all ethnicity students (including Caucasian) who struggle with speaking English clearly. Much like the English Learning Language program, these groups organized according to grade level meet four times a week for forty-five minutes. That being said, I feel with better screening throughout our school district we would find the need for an ELD program and perhaps more who also qualify for ELL assistance. Just within Centennial Elementary, I am aware of students who are bilingual, family’s primary language is Spanish and the student struggles with their reading and writing. These said students are not receiving any assistance. I cannot imagine any parent knowing about programs available to assist their child 's learning and turning them away; especially knowing they are free. In reading an article written by Alison Bailey, she notes, “The cost of “missing” the right students in the initial survey process is extremely high” (Bailey, Lessons from AZ 's EL identification issues: How guidance could strengthen process, 2011). Thus supporting my feelings about screening all bilingual students whose primary home language is something other than English. An additional statement made by Bailey, “It seems the more tolerable ‘measurement error’ surely must be to have too many rather than too few students initially thrown into the
In the article, Bilingual Children with Primary Language Impairment: Issues, Evidence, and Implications for Clinical Actions, Kohner (2010) indicate numerous school districts that have implemented bilingual programs to help the English Language Learners. Dual language programs enhance student outcomes and close the achievement gap of Second Language Learners (Coyoca and Lee, 2009...
Barbara Nagy (2013) was, in her case study, focusing on eight bilingual children's (aged between 4 and 11) language development process. The main focus was on three of the most common assumptions people have on bilingualism:
Being bilingual always made my life differ as if I lived two lives, speaking Spanish at home and English everywhere outside of home. On the daily basis at my house, my family speaks Spanish. When we communicate we speak very fast, at times we can not even understand one another. After this occurs we all burst out in laughter super loud, no boundaries are enforced in our lexicon. The enforcement changes when entering a different discourse community.
Also bilinguals do less than monolinguals in ‘VOCABULARY TESTS’ and also picture choosing and naming different objects in it. LANGUAGE FLUENCY is also affected for bilinguals because they become confused and double minded before choosing appropriate words for particular object in particular situations. If a child is seeking school language (academics required language) which is totally different from home language then this type of child “experiences increased difficulty in coping with both academically and socially”. “BILINGUALS are weak at perceiving the verbal and non-verbal tasks that require controlled attention and selectivity in conceptual categories”. Also, the cognitive problems such as memory-span development is reduced and speaking age time period also becomes late due to confused speaking problems of bilingualism.
Many parents concerned about negative effects on child development. However, second language does not have any negative effects such as child’s speech delay or language confusion. Let’s look at r...
Being bilingual implies a process in which everything looks so difficult at the beginning, but at the same time it is easier than what it looks like.