Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
The human brain and a computer
The human brain and a computer
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: The human brain and a computer
Artificial Intelligence1
Artificial Intelligence (AI) conjures up visions of robots that can mix dry martinis while beating a grand master at chess; and to some, will one day be able to look, act, think and react just like a real person. I would like to explore the concept of AI as it relates to the business world, and its possible many other applications. I believe that true AI is a dream worth pursuing. Like me, there are many who, just like those of the early 1960’s, thought that putting a man on the moon seemed to be an extremely difficult, but not an impossible task, believing the achievement of true AI to come is just a matter of time.
To remain competitive, companies must continue to improve by doing better and doing more; all the while using fewer and fewer resources, especially, manpower. Greater numbers of the world’s companies are turning to systems, which they feel offer the best means of attaining these goals.
A group, or suite of tools that can help accomplish this pursuit of doing less with more is generally known as Decision Support Systems. This broad category usually consists of computer software and hardware, which includes Intelligent Decision Support Systems, Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence. Do these systems really provide a valuable contribution to those who use them, and just how much faith can be put into them?
Strategic decision making concerns itself with determining where and how to deploy present resources to gain competitive advantages with the expectation of achieving some future reward. This simple, but powerful idea, permeates the planning process of large and small companies. Decisions related to how resources should be deployed consider specific measures necessary to compete effectively and efficiently; while strategic decisions are made with the expectation of improving future corporate profitability. Decision support systems are important additions in developing long term strategic plans, and thus long range profitability measures.
Definition
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Before we can explore the possibilities and implications of AI, we must carefully define exactly what attributes make something “intelligent”. The most common way to define intelligence in through the term “consciousness”. A term such as this has no fixed definition; rather, it is a family of related concepts that ti...
... middle of paper ...
...u/~grassie/StudentProjects/Debicella.html
Guven Guzeldere & Stefano Franchi, mindless mechanisms, mindful construction – an introduction – (4 June 1995),Unided States: shr.stanford.edu/shreview/4-2/text/introduction.html
R.L. Hughey, Jr, Expert Systems in Manufacturing, (3 May 1996). Carrollton Ga: www.southwire.com/sw/techlib/ieee0002.htm
Henry Linger, Intelligent Decision Support in the Context of the Modern Organisation – (1997), Monash University, Melbourne Australia: inforge.unil.ch/isdss97/papers/84.htm
Daniel E. O’Leary, Artificial Intelligence in Business - (17 December 1994). University of Southern Ca: www.bus.orst.edu/faculty/brownc/es_tutor/bus-ai.htm
Otis Porter, Dueling Brainscapes in Artificial Intelligence – (1997), Austin Tx: www.businessweek.com/1997/25/b353210.htm
Lynda Radosevich, AI Wises Up – Artificial intelligence has made the transistion from fuzzy-headed fad to real-world application – (3 August 1998), United States: www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?/features/980803ai.htm
Cosmin Radu, What is an Expert Systems – unknown, United States: www.cs.umr.edu/~caradu/fuzzy/node3.html
World Book Encyclopedia, (1999) CD Form.
The Manhattan Project was the exploration of atomic energy. Scientists from all around America, and later Tube Alloys, which was their British counterpart, came together to form one of the most powerful weapons of all time. These scientists worked on the Manhattan Project for about four years. The Manhattan Project created 3 bombs- one that they tested, and two that were dropped on Japan during
Waltz, David L. “Artificial Intelligence: Realizing the Ultimate Promises of Computing.” NEC Research Institute and the Computing Research Association (1996): 2 November 1999 .
One of the hottest topics that modern science has been focusing on for a long time is the field of artificial intelligence, the study of intelligence in machines or, according to Minsky, “the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men”.(qtd in Copeland 1). Artificial Intelligence has a lot of applications and is used in many areas. “We often don’t notice it but AI is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and the servers that route our email.” (BBC 1). Different goals have been set for the science of Artificial Intelligence, but according to Whitby the most mentioned idea about the goal of AI is provided by the Turing Test. This test is also called the imitation game, since it is basically a game in which a computer imitates a conversating human. In an analysis of the Turing Test I will focus on its features, its historical background and the evaluation of its validity and importance.
There were nearly thirty sites across America with about 130,000 scientist working there. One of the most important scientist behind this project is J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967). Oppenheimer started working on calculations for the atomic bomb while he was at the University of California,Berkeley. In 1942 Oppenheimer got asked to direct the Manhattan Project, he accepted the offer. Oppenheimer is known as “father of the atomic bomb”. There were also many other scientist including Edward Teller, Leslie Groves,and Werner Heisenberg. There were also many scientist and their discoveries that were indirectly related to the Manhattan Project. Despite many people’s beliefs Albert
The Manhattan Project began in 1942 as a response to the growing force of Germany’s own nuclear weapons. With the start of this project, led by Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie R. Groves, the United States would begin to create its first arsenal of nuclear weapons. To help achieve this goal, renowned scientists and theoretical physicists were recruited, such as Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi. Main research facilities were constructed in Oak Ridge Tennessee; Hanford, Washington; and Los Alamos, New Mexico. All of these locations had the responsibility of containing and monitoring the nuclear weapons and chemicals. By the end of the program in 1946, the project had cost over two billion dollars. The Manhattan Project left behind cases
“A true AI [artificial intelligence] would have immense economic potential, and when money is at stake, safety issues get put aside until real problems develop—at which time, of course, it may already be too late” (Sotala). The development of artificial intelligence technology has grown concern from society to whether or not it would be beneficial for the world as a whole. Artificial intelligence is known as artificial beings, or “robots”, that have a human-like intelligence. The use of this technology would cause more problems than solutions. However, many individuals believe that the use of artificial intelligence would bring positive results. Despite its potential, artificial intelligence technology would not be beneficial for society because human intelligence is hard to mimic, it would cause a threat to mankind and decrease jobs.
The Manhattan project started by the United States Military in collaboration with the United Kingdom and Canada in order to develop a nuclear bomb to use to force the axis powers to surrender thus ending World War II. While the nuclear bombs were never dropped on Germany or anywhere in Europe, the nuclear bombs Little Boy and Big Boy were dropped in Japan to end the war in the pacific and bringing a close to the most deadly war in history, just as they were intended to do. The Manhattan Project was started on the 13th of August 1942 almost one year after the United states entered the war after the attacks on Pearl Harbor on September 7th 1942. When the Manhattan Project began the main target of the nuclear bombs was the Nazi regime in Germany.
The Manhattan project was a project from the United States that produced the first atomic bomb. The United States wanted to build an atomic bomb in order to retaliate with the threat posed by the German nuclear development program. The term Manhattan project came from the Manhattan Engineering District of the War Department. The project was led by scientist Robert Oppenheimer and about 130,000 who workers followed him. Research and production took place
"Artificial Intelligence: Cannibal Or Missionary?." AI & Society 21.4 (2007): 651-657.Academic Search Complete. Web. 16 Nov. 2014.
With an average growth of 2% annually, car industry has been one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The industry has been keeps on changing and it had been become one of the most competitive markets and it has been globalize radically due to its growth. But now there are only a few major players that dominate the global market as mergers and union has been occurring regularly between them. Previously, the car industry has been dominated by the Europe and American car industry but it has been facing heavy competition from the emerging Latin America and East Asia car manufacturers in the global market recently.
In order to see how artificial intelligence plays a role on today’s society, I believe it is important to dispel any misconceptions about what artificial intelligence is. Artificial intelligence has been defined many different ways, but the commonality between all of them is that artificial intelligence theory and development of computer systems that are able to perform tasks that would normally require a human intelligence such as decision making, visual recognition, or speech recognition. However, human intelligence is a very ambiguous term. I believe there are three main attributes an artificial intelligence system has that makes it representative of human intelligence (Source 1). The first is problem solving, the ability to look ahead several steps in the decision making process and being able to choose the best solution (Source 1). The second is the representation of knowledge (Source 1). While knowledge is usually gained through experience or education, intelligent agents could very well possibly have a different form of knowledge. Access to the internet, the la...
In 1941, the American government began its efforts to design and build an atomic bomb, after a few fundamental scientific milestones, and after the funds had been allocated for the project, the Manhattan project was advanced at a breakneck speed. General Lesley Groves was placed in charge of the Army corps of engineers and was responsible for the building of several facilities that were to be used for the research and development of the atomic bomb. The main assembly plant and headquarters for the Manhattan project were built at Los Alamos, New Mexico. Robert J. Oppenheimer was the head scientist personally selected by General Groves and placed in charge of overseeing and leading a group of elite scientists responsible for the development of the atomic bomb. ‘The Manhattan project employed over 120,000 American workers at its peak and after the final bill for the project had been tallied, nearly $2 billion dollars had been spent on the research and development of the atomic bomb’ . The
Tactical decisions are of importance as they are the most important determinants of value creation and capture. Tactical decisions are such that they user-friendly, convenient and value adding for both the customers and organization. The making of tactical decision is really challenging as they deal with rapid changes in business environment like change in consumer preferences, policy changes. Tactical decision is to be taken for hard problems where finding a solution is very tough. Decision makers often take tactical decisions under stress or rapidly. Creativity and agility are essential ingredients of a proficient tactical decision making. The role of decision support system in tactical decision making is
Countless decision-makers operate under the assumption that their decision will be the most optimal; yet, nothing is guaranteed with any business decisions, and the future is undetermined. The uses of these technologies and systems in real business situations show that not only are these methods flexible and adaptable to the needs of each organization, but the amount of error which can potentially occur is also dramatically reduced when it is handled by a system or analysis instead of an individual. The rapid advancement of these systems and methods can come as quite a shock to some people, who have previously had no exposure to these types of Expert Systems, and they may be inclined to follow the decision-makers instincts rather than utilizing the insights gained by these technologies. New innovative, technological feats have allowed for almost any circumstance to be clearly measured and calculated through the use of simulations. Businesses may now better predict outcomes to decisions before being made, ultimately creating a much more efficient workplace. This high efficiency generates more profits, less waste, and eventually more successful an organization. Through the use of ROI, organizations can put a number on how successful a project or decision is, leading to the success of an organization. While ROI will likely remain the same formula, simulations will continue to evolve and become more and more accurate. The introduction of artificial intelligence will perhaps play a factor in the future as individuals give computers the ability to think, rationalize, and
Therefore, AIS has several roles. A main role is to integrate all information system for effective management within a company, connecting different departments with relevant information. Another role is to assist the organisation to make decisions by preparing different reports and evaluating information. It also provides a company with a control and safeguard internal information ((Kim and Solomon 2006).