I. Arab- Israeli War (War of Independence)
A. Starting in 1948, right in the middle of the Arab-Israeli war, the initiation of the Arab League boycott of Israel was a coherent effort by Arab League member states, whose intention was to isolate Israel financially and economically (Perez). The League ventured effortlessly to prevent Arab states and disincentivize non-Arabs from providing support to Israel or adding to Israel's economic stability. The boycott was also designed to deter Jewish immigration to the region (Consequences of the War). There was a total of 22 Middle Eastern and African countries that supported the boycott and its effort to prevent any and all economic growth in Israel. Throughout the period of this ongoing boycott, many trade barriers have been put in place, limiting trade between Israel and other countries (Slavicek 65).
B. The boycott on Israel has had many long lasting, negative, financial and economic effects to the country. When Israel was declared a state in 1948(Perez) many of its neighboring Arab countries started to boycott everything made in Israel. This caused the economy to struggle severely (Slavicek 65). The boycott has had a prodigious effect on the amount of trade going in and out of Israel, As a result, Israel has a trade deficit, meaning that the amount of imports they receive exceeds the amount of exports they ship out, however this is made up by the revenue from the vast amount of disposable, tourism dollars Israel receives annually. Israel has a relatively high income per capita at $35,500, but the amount of people in Israel that are unemployed is extraordinarily high at 11.40 percent. More than twenty two percent of the population is under the poverty line. Since 1 in 4 Israelis are...
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...an countries. These immigrants brought with them Jewish, cultural heritages and traditions which were very different from those existing in Israel at the time. This Western-oriented culture demanded acknowledgement to its morals and values, causing a huge conflict which caused a misfortune to the newcomers of the state. Immigration had a negative effect on the traditional communital aspects and interpersonal relations. Original and understood values which had provided the infrastructure for community consensus were vastly weakened. Family roles were destroyed and past experience provided no representation for current needs and wants. Cooperative activity became very difficult. Old Fashioned leadership which had relied on the traditional frameworks of society was also declared void in the new situations that had seceded the vast amounts of immigration (Home).
B.
Though many Jews were able to emigrate out of Germany before further persecution took place, it was substantially difficult for every Jew to escape the impending danger that was looming large in both Nazi Germany and Austria. Reasons for emigration being very difficult included the reluctance of Jews to move when they had lived in Germany all their lives, and had generations of family members who have all been brought up in Germany, and some who had even served for Germany during the First World War. The prospect of leaving family behind was too much to fathom for Jews, as some Jews were married to non-Jewish women, and considered themselves more German rather than Jewish. This essay will however focus on a variety of factors which include economic problems faced by Jews even before the Anschluss was introduced in 1938, immigration restrictions set out acutely for Jewish immigrants by Western countries such as Britain and the United States in particular, and the role Anti-Semitism played throughout the world during this time period, that prevented and severely halted a majority of Jews to emigrate out of Nazi Germany and Austria, after the Anschluss and up until the outbreak of the Second World War.
It is true that the more people from different cultures that are in a given area, the more the cultures are diversified. However, with all realities, some claim that immigrants dilute the American culture. Indeed, they cause some changes to the culture. Nevertheless, these changes can bring a wealth of attraction and a source of beauty for the country that everyone should be proud of. It is obvious that every single immigrant in the US has his own culture and way of life. When all these are added together, they form a very rich culture. In addition, they bring various interesting aspects such as food, music, literature, etc. That makes the Americans rich in cultural knowledge. The importance of cultural diversity is that it teaches the people to understand each other’s views, interests, and ideas and helps people view the world in different ways. This would finally lead the society to work towards each other’s interest, mutual goals, and objectives. Tamar Jacoby in his article “Are Today’s Immigrants Assimilating in U.S Society, Yes,” he said that, “Those who are coming now are people who understand cultural fluidity, understand intermarriage and find that a natural, easy thing. This maintains unity and balances in the society” (411). Once this stage is reached, all the problems would be solved. Then it can be said that America has reached a true democracy, echoed by
The Middle East has since time immemorial been on the global scope because of its explosive disposition. The Arab Israeli conflict has not been an exception as it has stood out to be one of the major endless conflicts not only in the region but also in the world. Its impact continues to be felt all over the world while a satisfying solution still remains intangible. A lot has also been said and written on the conflict, both factual and fallacious with some allegations being obviously evocative. All these allegations offer an array of disparate views on the conflict. This essay presents an overview of some of the major literature on the controversial conflict by offering precise and clear insights into the cause, nature, evolution and future of the Israel Arab conflict.
Following the declaration in 1977 by Israeli government officials that the Law of Return applied to Beta Israel, a flow of Ethiopian Jews have immigrated to Israel with values and traditions that has influenced the emerging society in their host country. Ethiopian Jews tend to possess more differences with Israeli Jewish culture in comparison to other immigrant groups and it is this that makes their adaptation to society a multifaceted process. The emergence of Zionism promised freedom, redemption, revolution, liberation and normalization ; concepts that appealed to Beta Israel who had been persecuted in Ethiopia. Simultaneously however, Israel was facing worldwide immigrants including those from the former Soviet Union, and it is the immigration of Russian immigrants that will provide a stark contrast in the differences of their assimilation. Israel, being a country of wide immigrant absorption, adopted the ‘melting pot’ idea in the hopes to create a unified Israel; this has proved unsuccessful following the problems that emerged from its use that was highlighted in the immigration of Ethiopian Jews. Immigrants perceived this ‘melting pot’ ideology as an instrument that was assisting to subject them to discrimination, which arguably led to a form of ethnocentrism taking place in Israel. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s culture is to be preferred over all others and provides a frame of reference in which to evaluate other beliefs, often leading to stereotyping and misplaced judgment . In recent years there has been an increase in the approval of cultural pluralism, however, this research paper will discuss the many factors that led to the immigration of Ethiopian Jews to Israel as well as the factors that rendered this absor...
Arrivals, from the same year, from all countries of persons of German race were 29,682 and Hebrew arrivals were 60,764. Changing the Character of Immigration, Pg. 103. 1) Unfortunately, with such a large influx in population during a short amount of time and other variables such as immigrants being unable to speak English, inadequate affordable urban housing, and insufficient jobs, a large amount of immigrants ended up in growing slums without the feeling of security or knowledge of how to find help, if there was any, from an unrepresentative government. These factors transformed incoming immigrants into easy prey for patronage from the political machine and sustained them by giving their votes. In the 1930’s, mass immigration had stopped and representative government had begun, leading to a decline in patronage needed by then integrated immigrants and a decline in votes for the machine....
The transition of Jews through history is one, which is complex and took place over a long period. There are many factors, which contributed to the change of the status of Jews within their world and changes in their status as well; these changes affected the religious and cultural values of European Jews, which lead to an alteration in their own perception, as well as the surrounding populace. There are several opinions as to how non- Jews perceive the issues that led to Emancipation of Jewish people. Prior to the period of Emancipation there were three main characteristics which defined the traditional Jewish communities of Europe. These three aspects are community, autonomy and torah (religion). In relation to Torah, there is a common yearning to return to their homeland in Eretz Yisrael. As it is known from the Greek era, the purpose of a state or community was to glorify one's own religion and as a result, Jews could not be members of a Christian state. Therefore, they had no choice but to form their own communities within the larger Christian State. A Jew is a member of the Jewish nation and people and religion is what defined your life and place in society. Virtually everything revolved around the community; decisions were made with the impact of the community in mind. An essential aspect of this community was the conceptions of ghettos; Jews lived, worked, and played in these ghettos. These ghettos kept the Jewish community contained, and also provided a sense of separatism from outside influences. "The point can also be made that separation was in fact a contributing factor to healthy relations (between Jews and non- Jews)" with their concern for l...
In an effort to build a closer relationship with countries that the USA freely trades with, Ohio passed a bill that made it so companies would be unable to renew government contracts unless they agreed not to engage in any boycotts with countries such as Israel. Boycotts were defined as,j "engaging in refusals to deal, terminating business activities, or other actions that are intended to limit commercial relations with persons or entities in a discriminatory manner"(Bill Clears Ohio House, para. 3 ). Although it's understandable that Ohio would want to maintain a strong economic relationship with Israel as the country creates $200 million of economic benefit to Ohio, but it is possible to maintain a business relationship with the
In the second paragraph, that for the reasons of the Arabs, you are told, “The Arabs say that Israel should not have been in existence at all”, and that “Israel had to go to war to save its economy and to ward off political instability”.
The conflicting ideas of whose fault the crisis was or why it came to be can all be traced back to the Arabs opposition to live in a Jewish State or to make peace. Many Arabs inflicted refugeeism on themselves by fleeing. Nearby Arab countries rejected the Arabs, made the crisis worse because the Arabs had no place to go. The few Arabs who were expelled, were in strategically vital areas. CONCLUDING
own side for signing a deal which he had decided in 1974 not to sign
Since 1967, numerous illegal Israeli settlements have been built on Palestinian land and the occupied territory, “housing more then 400,000 Jewish settlers.” Even since 1967, there has been a lot of divergence, unrest, bereavement, war and obliteration on both sides. There was a war in 1973 and two intifadas Palestinian uprising one that began in 1987 and one that began in 2000 that brings us into the 21st century. There have been many attempts in resolving conflicts however; the conflict is a matter of whether the Palestinians should be permitted to form their own independent country and government in an area that was once theirs yet now occupied and currently the nation of Israel. The Arab- Israeli conflict is historically a fuse that ignites regional battle due to the occupation of Palestine.
...US support for Israel, contributed in making US interests more magnetic targets for outraged groups. This relation is not the only grievance of these groups, of course, but it is a central one, and it makes advancing other U.S. interests more difficult.
Kontorovich, Eugene. (2003) The Arab League Boycott and WTO Accession: Can Foreign Policy Excuse Discriminatory Sanctions? Chicago Journal of International Law: Wednesday, October 1 2003.
The Thirty Years War was a series of conflicts, not-knowingly involving most European countries from 1618 to 1648. The war, which was fought mainly in Germany, was started when Bohemian Protestants furiously attacked the Holy Roman Emperor in terms to impose a restriction on their religious and civil liberties. By understanding the Thirty Years War, you will notice the notable religious, political and social changes. The changes paved the religious and political maps of Europe. Not only did this war affect the religious and political demographic, it caused populations to perish and lose large amounts of their goods. What was known as a religious battle, turned out to be a political feud in competition of which state has the greater power affecting men, women, soldiers and civilians. “[The bohemians] had no idea that their violent deed would set off a chain reaction of armed conflict that would last thirty years and later be called Europe’s “first world war” of the modern era.” When the war ended, the lands were defiled and over 5 million people were killed.
A war crime is an unjust act of violence in which a military personnel violates the laws and acceptable behaviors of a war. Despite all the violence in a war, a soldier shooting another is not considered a war crime because it is not a violation to the laws and practices of a war, and it is considered just. A war crime is defined as a “violations [violation] of the laws and customs of war” (“War Crimes”), and are attacks “against civilian populations, prisoners of war, or in some cases enemy soldiers in the field” (Friedman). War crimes are typically committed with weapons or by uncommon, cruel, devastating military methods and are “…Committed primarily by military personnel” (Friedman). There are many different types of war crimes one can commit, including “murder, ill treatment…murder or ill treatment of prisoners of war or persons on the seas, killing of hostages, plunder of public or private property, wanton destruction of cities, towns, or villages or devastation not justified by military necessity” (Friedman). Originally constructed as international law by the London Charter on August 8th, 1945 and further developed by the Hague Conventions of 1899, 1907 and the Nuremberg trials, war crimes are aggressive, unacceptable and unjust actions performed by military workforce that occur during a war.