1. W.P.A. (1935-1943): Created by FDR, the W.P.A. or Works Project Administration, employed jobless Americans in return for financial support. It was established under the Emergency Relief Appropriations Act and employed 3 million Americans (History). C.C.C. (1933-1942): The C.C.C. or Civilian Conservation Corps, was one of the first programs of the New Deal (History). “…enrollees restored public lands, provided disaster relief and built flood-control projects” (Mulvey 56). The C.C.C. involved two ideas close to FDR’s heart; environmental conservation and universal service for youth (History). F.A.P. (1935-1943): The Federal Arts Project or F.A.P. was created for the purpose of providing job relief to members of various forms of media like …show more content…
Huey Long~ Huey Long was a Louisiana governor and a senator to Congress. During his reign in the political world, Long at one point or another held power over almost every single governing institution in Louisiana before he rose to the state’s top post in 1928 (History). He expanded infrastructure and social security programs in Louisiana, and after being elected to the U.S. Senate in 1935 he obtained a strong following for his plans to radically redistribute the wealth of America (History). He was one of the most influential politicians in history, “Long had launched his own national political organization and was prepared to run for the presidency when he was killed by the son-in-law of a political opponent” (History). Long was significant to this era as well as history because he rose to become the most powerful governor of Louisiana, and possible the entire United …show more content…
She actively participated in Democratic Party politics and was a strong advocate for human and civil rights. After her husband’s death in 1945 and World War II, Eleanor Roosevelt retuned to New York and went on to serve as the U.S. delegate to the United Nations from 1946-1953 (History). She passed away at her home in 1962 at the age of 78 (History). Eleanor Roosevelt was significant because she redefined the position of First Lady by actively participating in politics alongside her husband through media and frequent trips across the nation to various
“Season of Hope” happened during 1870 to 1890. “Some blacks in the South pressured plantation owners into adopting individual family farming.” Also, black men’s voting rights were guaranteed and even some office accepted black. Benjamin Singleton, a slave who escaped from his owner tried to help other move to Kansas. Those who answered him were called “Exodusters”. Singleton helped black people start their own industries, even though he sooner realized he was not strong enough to do that. From 1890 the Southern states began to enforce white supremacy through disfranchisement and segregation. They tried to remove African-American from the vote list so that they could do whatever they want. Not only the race separation, black people were also
The American Experience: The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) tells a story from the 1930’s about Clifford Hammond, who joined the CCC in 1934, Harley Jolley, who joined in 1937, Vincente Ximenes who joined in 1938, Houston Pritchett who joined in 1939, and the writer Jonathan Alter. These five men from different cultures and backgrounds describe what they experienced during the CCC. The CCC was one of the bravest and most popular New Deal experimentations, employing one of the New Deal programs. The CCC is a fundamental moment in the development of modern environmentalism and federal unemployment relief. This program put three million young men to work in camps across America during the Great Depression. The program had short term effects,
Franklin Delano Roosevelt also informs the reader on FDR’s marriage to Eleanor Roosevelt, his fifth cousin. At first Franklin and Eleanor had a strong friendship before Franklin showed a romantic interest in her. They kept their engagement a secret for a year because they did not want his mother, Sara Roosevelt, to find out. Sara was jealous of having to share Franklin and when her husband died, she became an obsessive mother. Despite their differences, FDR was determinedly taken with Eleanor. Eleanor would go away for long summers to Campobello or Hyde Park. She was there when the first polio epidemic and FDR dissuaded her from bringing any likely infection. It is assumed that this is probably the summer than Franklin began his infatuation with Lucy Mercer, his wife’s part-time social secretary. Even though FDR was young, his health was not very good. During multiple illnesses, such as typhoid fever, sinus trouble, and influenza, Eleanor would come back from Campobe...
When Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president on 1932 he promised to use the power of government to help restore economic stability and to support the poor. Over the next several years, President Roosevelt's organization produced various new government efforts that would do just that, this was called The New Deal. The New Deal created programs like The Glass-Steagall Act, The Civilian Conservation Corps, The Works Progress Administration, and The Public Works Administration. The Glass-Steagall Act or the Banking Act separated commercial banking from investment banking to help protect deposits. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) employed young men on public-works projects. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) employed people to ...
With Herbert Hoover in office at the time of the crash of 1929, he believed it was not the government’s responsibility to get involved in helping the millions of Americans affected by this national crisis. However with elections coming up, Americans believed in a time for change. Franklin D. Roosevelt saw a chance to help save the American people and bring this nation of suffering back to a once thriving, prospering nation. With his election in 1932, he brought with him his plan, and this plan was the New Deal. He implemented twenty-five programs to aid Americans get back on their feet. Banks were closing, millions were out of jobs, and housing markets were closing. I saw three programs he developed helping millions of Americans with jobs. Through the lack of jobs created the lack of revenue which in turn was needed for the banks to survive to furnish loans for houses. The people needed a fresh start, and FDR, along with his cabinet members, facilitated a new beginning.
When Roosevelt became president, he immediately called a special session of Congress to deal with the depression rather than wait for the regular session in December. The legislation passed by Congress and signed by Roosevelt in the spring of 1933 was remarkable. The time period was called the Hundred Days. The special session had been called to deal with the banking crisis, economy in government, and changes to the liquor law. Congress quickly responded to the crises. The Emergency Banking Act was created, passed, and signed by the president during a single day and it gave the federal government sweeping power to deal with the banking crisis. The Beer Act made it possible to sell beer, which had been illegal under the 18th Amendment. The Economy Act reduced government salaries and pensions to meet Roosevelt's campaign pledge. The basic New Deal legislation was passed in slightly more than five years, from 1933 to 1938. Solutions were found for the problem of the unemployment. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) gave large amounts of money to the states. The subdivision to the FERA was the Civil Works Administration (CWA), which provided work relief for a large number of men during the winter of 1933 and 1934. In 1935 a new organization, the WPA was set up by executive order and the FERA was abolished. The WPA built roads, streets, schools, libraries, and other public buildings. Congress designed two relief operations specifically for young men, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the National Youth Administration (NYA). The most spectacular agency designed to promote general economic improvement was the National Recovery Administration (NRA), an organization set up NIRA, which was passed by Congress in June 1933. The NRA was designed to help business help itself by eliminating unfair competition through the establishment of codes of fair competition.
Franklin D. Roosevelt was always a very smart and educated young man. Growing up, Franklin's parents took him on many trips to Europe, where he studied and learned how to speak many different languages. He graduated from Harvard University in 1903 and then went on to get a degree from Columbia University Law School. But he never seemed to show an interest with doing legal work. In 1905, he married his distant cousin, Eleanor Roosevelt, whom he had been courting for some years before that. Franklin and Eleanor had six children together. Franklin took much pride and companionship in them. It wasn't until this time that Franklin decided to get involved with politics.
In 1935 Roosevelt created the Works Progress Administration (later the Work Projects Administration) or WPA. Its purpose was to create all kinds of jobs at every level of the skill ladder, preserving professional and technical skills while helping individuals maintain their self-respect. Artists in the program were paid $15 to $90 a month for a wide variety of assignments. Work-relief programs functioned under this basic design from 1935 to 1939 when the WPA was renamed the Work Projects Administration and placed under the supervision of the Federal Art Project (FAP). The WPA/FAP lasted until 1943, when productivity and employment soared as the country marshaled its resources to fight World War II.
In a time of dire need there is always at least a sliver of hope that remains, a light that never goes out despite the darkness around. If this is the case, for a time such as the Great Depression than what was that “sliver of hope” or that “light in the darkness”, so to speak? Although President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s other efforts are much appreciated, the “light” of the Great Depression is, hands down, the Works Progress Administration. Why? The Great Depression was a time of despair and unfortunate events for all citizens of the United States; left and right, the homeless and the jobless were seen forlornly sauntering the streets seeking jobs that could and would not be found. It is in this instance that the Works Progress Administration takes the stage, created by President Franklin Roosevelt, the WPA’s sole reason of existence was to employ the jobless by funding public works projects. With these projects the unemployed were given jobs and projects were carried out such as the photography projects of the Farm Security Administration. Among the most famous photographers of these projects are Dorothea Lange, Walker Evans, and Russell Lee.
The stock market crash of October 1929 brought the economic prosperity of the 1920s to an abrupt halt. For the next ten years, the United States was thrown into a deep economic depression. By 1933, the unemployment rate had soared to 25%, up from 3% in 1929. Industrial production declined by approximately 50%, and international trade plunged 30%. This period in history is known as The Great Depression. The Great Depression plunged the American people into an economic crisis unlike anyone had ever experienced in history. Millions of hardworking individuals fell into poverty. Many lost their homes and lived on the street. Many more suffered from mass starvation. Overall, people lost their sense of pride and national spirit for America. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt took office in 1933, when the economy was in a time of complete failure. Right away, Roosevelt took to not only helping the economy but also reviving the American morale after this tough era. Roosevelt implemented a series of executive actions, creating programs and new Federal agencies to help revive the economy. Together this was called The New Deal. One of the agencies that was created was called The Works Progress Administration (WPA). The WPA was created in order to put millions of unemployed Americans to work through governmental projects. Over a period of 8 years, the WPA spent over 3.3 billion dollars on public projects, some of which are still used today. Simultaneously as the United States struggled valiantly to climb out of the Great Depression, the threat of another crisis, a World War, loomed over the US. In June of 1939, the United States army only had 185,000 men enlisted. The need for a stronger, m...
"The New Deal." Social Welfare History Project. N.p., 30 Oct. 2017. Web. 17 Nov. 2017.
Several of the policies created to specifically help the jobless during that time were, Emergency Relief Appropriations Act (1935) run by the Public Works Administration (PWA), designed for the construction of public building, roads, dams and other projects. Federal Project No. 1, also run by PWA, gave jobs to writers, musicians, and artist.
As a child, Eleanor felt she was the ugly duckling. Insecure and shy, she lost both of her parents as a young girl. Her mother, Anna Hall, died of diphtheria along with her brother Elliot Jr. Two years later her father died. Elliot Roosevelt died of illness, alcohol, and despair. He missed his family. Eleanor was shipped to stay with her strict and proper grandmother. Despite the family trying to make Eleanor feel at home, she continued to feel lonely and empty. It wasn't until she was sent to boarding school in England at the age of fifteen when she established a since of self confidence among other girls with the help of a mentor Mlle Marrie Souvestre. Her marriage to her fifth cousin Franklin Roosevelt increased her insecurities and took away her one source of confidence, her volunteer work at the settlement house. Eleanor bored six children. One died as an infant. She stood by Franklin and was interested in whatever interested him. Franklin became ill. Eleanor became his eyes and ears. She traveled and talked to people he governed. She then found out about his affair when she discovered love letters from Lucy Mercer. He was apologetic and they both decided to stay in their marriage as a political couple. Eleanor opened a new path to stand apart from Franklin. She no longer gave herself solely to his wants and needs. Franklin was sworn into presidency in 1933. Eleanor at his side she began her non traditional role of the first lady. Both of their busy schedules kept their marriage together giving them something to talk about. Franklin passed and Eleanor continued to live a full life working in the United Nations. Eleanor then died in 1962 of a deadly disease.
The New Deal consisted of a host of programs. The Agriculture Adjustment Act actually paid farmers for cutting farm production, so that reduced supply would serve to raise prices of food grain. The Civilian Construction Corps was created in 1933 to provide work to people, by employing them to create trails and civil works in public parks. The Civil Works Administration was envisaged to create high paying jobs in the construction industry, but was shelved due to high cost to industry. To combat foreclosures on housing loans due to the Depression, the Federal Housing Administration was created to monitor mortgages and loans. This initiative was accompanied by creation of the Home Owner’s Loan Corporation, to assist in the refinancing of loans. The...
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) was a man of unusual charm and great optimism, which he was able to communicate to others. He had a broad smile and was a charismatic optimist whose confidence helped sustain the nation through its darkest moments during crisis like the Great Depression and World War II. He became one of the most beloved of U.S. presidents for four terms in office. But beneath his outward friendliness was an inner reserve and an iron will. His admirers emphasized the way in which he met the nation's problems. They praised him for insisting that the federal government must help the underprivileged and that the United States must share in the responsibility for preserving world peace. Franklin Roosevelt made a profound and very important impact upon his times and his policies exerted great influence on the future (Freidel).