During the 113th Congress, the United States Senate voted 69-27 to pass the Marketplace Fairness Act of 2013 bill on May 6th 2013. The Marketplace Fairness Act of 2013 (MFA) is a proposed legislation that would require online vendors to collect and submit all their sales tax and use tax. The bill still needs approval from the House of Representatives before it can become a law .Supporters of the bill are large retailers like Sears and Target, who claim they are at a price disadvantage because they have to charge sales tax on every sale while online retailers do not. On the other side are e-commerce companies such as eBay and Overstock.com, as well as small online merchants, who say that complying with 45 state sales laws and more than 9,000 jurisdictions is too much complicated and costly .
According to Congressional Digest, electronic commerce has enjoyed unfair advantage for many years by not having to acquire some taxes. The government is mainly responsible for this one-sided playing field toward online sellers. Many authorities believe that the Internet is essential to high productivity and economic growth and that preservation of the Internet potential is important. Indeed, president Bill Clinton signed the Internet Tax Freedom Act law in 1998 to prohibit any Internet access taxing – extended by succeeding presidents ever since.
Based on the current tax laws, online store merchants collect sales tax from in state consumers as similarly as “brick and mortar” stores charge sales tax when customers come into their stores. Online merchants, however, do not collect sales tax from consumers who shop from a different state. Out of state consumers are subject to a different tax, a use tax which is “a tax imposed on the use of certai...
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...eement – a collaborative achievement between state government and business community. Nevertheless, the Marketplace Fairness Act has a very slim chance to win the House of Representatives, because in spite of its simplified and modernized tax measure, the act will not eliminate the problem of complex multistate tax policies. Since each state has its own unique laws and tax codes, it is practically impossible to compel every state to follow the same simplification tax rule. Besides, given the heated controversy and universal impact of the bill, the politicians will look for ways to slow down the enactment as similar trouble has happened to the universal Obama HealthCare. No matter if the bill is enacted or not, one thing is certain that nothing is going to deter people from shopping online (not even sales tax) because shopping online is just too cheap and convenient.
Apart from Antitrust laws, there are several other laws that promote fair business practices. The Robinson-Patman Act prohibits price discrimination. This act ...
This essay will examine key aspects of the recent implementation of the Australian Consumer Law (ACL) 2011, which is the largest overhaul in Consumer Law in Australia in the past twenty five years. The ACL replaces 20 existing State and Territory laws into one national law , the legislation was enacted in two main parts as Schedule 2 of the renamed Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) (TPA) - Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) (CCA) . Aforementioned this essay it will outline the key benefits of the implementation of the act. Furthermore it will critique the Act, whilst exploring the objectives of the legislation.
Affirmative action, the act of giving preference to an individual for hiring or academic admission based on the race and/or gender of the individual has remained a controversial issue since its inception decades ago. Realizing its past mistake of discriminating against African Americans, women, and other minority groups; the state has legalized and demanded institutions to practice what many has now consider as reverse discrimination. “Victims” of reverse discrimination in college admissions have commonly complained that they were unfairly rejected admission due to their race. They claimed that because colleges wanted to promote diversity, the colleges will often prefer to accept applicants of another race who had significantly lower test scores and merit than the “victims”. In “Discrimination and Disidentification: The Fair-Start Defense of Affirmative Action”, Kenneth Himma responded to these criticisms by proposing to limit affirmative action to actions that negate unfair competitive advantages of white males established by institutions (Himma 277 L. Col.). Himma’s views were quickly challenged by his peers as Lisa Newton stated in “A Fair Defense of a False Start: A Reply to Kenneth Himma” that among other rationales, the Fair-Start Defense based on race and gender is a faulty justification for affirmative action (Newton 146 L. Col.). This paper will also argue that the Fair-Start Defense based on race and gender is a faulty justification for affirmative action because it cannot be fairly applied in the United States of America today. However, affirmative action should still be allowed and reserved for individuals whom the state unfairly discriminates today.
People argue about the constitutionalism of the healthcare reforms. The same people tend to wonder of the congress can require each and every person to be purchasing health instance from the private companies. They hold that the congress has managed to use its taxing power to facilitate funding for the Social Security and Medicare but never before has it ever considered using its commerce power to make it mandatory that each individual have to engage in economic transactions with the private
Taxes in relation to the new healthcare reform is a prominent topic when one examines the supporting and opposing sides of the law. New taxes on businesses producing medical equipment and new Medicare taxes on investments have been established. For individuals and businesses choosing not to participate in purchasing health insurance there will be a penalty called a "shared responsibility" tax. The accrued money from these taxes is being used, among other things, to provide low-cost insurance plans on the marketplace and to create subsidies for those purchasing the plans. Through these subsidies, "any individual making up to $45,960 or a family of four with household income up to $94,200 is eligible" ("Obamacare tax guide") to qualify and get assistance at the end of each year to off-set the cost of the insurance even more...
...upply this, since they would run afoul of the Commerce Clause, as did New York in Pataki. Thus, Congress must provide the legislation. Furthermore, since the Internet is international, this legislation must stem from international treaties.
The Internet Tax Freedom Act was authored by Rep. Christopher Cox and Sen. Ron Wyden, and signed into law on October 21, 1998 by President Bill Clinton. This law bars state and local governments from taxing Internet access service. In 2003 the House of Representatives approved bill H.R. 49, the “Internet Tax Non-Discrimination Act of 2003.” This bill would expand and make permanent a federally imposed “moratorium” on state and local taxation of sales of “Internet access” services. States and local governments would be permanently prohibited from charging sales taxes on the monthly service charge that households and businesses pay to be able to access the World Wide Web.
The Sale of Goods Act 1979 requires goods to be exactly as they are described as well as being in satisfactory quality and fit for the purpose of its use. The term ‘fit for the purpose’ means that it should be useable for their everyday purpose as well as the reason they bought it, for example, if you searched online for computer parts such as, a graphics card or motherboard, you would want it to be compatible with your computer.
Under the Obama Administration the Affordable Care Act, commonly known as Obamacare, was enacted to reform the healthcare industry in America. The Affordable Care Act is government mandated healthcare that allows for low income individuals access to healthcare. Obamacare was enacted to reduce the uninsured rate of Americans by requiring insurance companies to insure all individuals regardless of pre-existing conditions or low credit. Without understanding of economics, universal government mandated healthcare seems like a good idea. However, the restrictions and costs that are caused by Obamacare ultimately destroys the economy and negatively affects doctors, American taxpayers, and businesses in America. Therefore, congress should pass legislation
In the market justice system, individual choices and resources determine the distribution of healthcare with government having little role. This approach is defined by individualism, self interest and voluntary behavior.
The Australian Consumer Law (ACL) was established to protect consumers in any legal trading activities in Australia. A set of guarantees has also been introduced for those consumers who are acquiring goods and services from Australian suppliers, importers or manufacturers. The guarantees are intended to ensure that consumers will receive the goods or services they have paid for. If they have problems with the products and services they bought, they are entitled for remedies, such as repair, replacement, and refund.
...healthcare. At this point, the law encourages the free market system by requiring employers to purchase private insurance for their employees or face penalties. It also imposes new regulations on private insurers mandating that they provide insurance for all people, regardless of health status and preexisting conditions (KaiserEDU.org, 2010). The effects of the new act will not be seen for many years, the majority of the sections are not required to be in action until 2014. In the meantime, detractors of the law are working tirelessly to have it overturned. We have the benefit of closely examining how other countries of the world provide healthcare for all of their citizens. We can compare what works with what does not. Maybe it’s time we stop trying to fix our already broken system and focus on real change, universal healthcare as a right, not a privilege.
Internet is a powerful tool that allows users to collaborate and interact with others all over the world conveniently and relatively safely. It has allowed education and trade to be accessed easily and quickly, but all these benefits do not come without very taxing costs. This is especially true when dealing with the likes of the Internet. Countries in the European Union and Asia have realized this and have taken action against the threat of net neutrality to protect their citizens, even at the cost of online privacy. Internet censorship is required to protect us from our opinions and vices. Every country should adopt Internet censorship and regulation since it improves society by reducing pornography, racism/prejudice, and online identity theft.
Consumer is a person who buys the goods and services produced in the market. Earlier approach of caveat emptor, which means “let the buyer beware”. This has now changed to caveat venditor means “let the seller beware”. earlier there is no protection available to the consumers but now companies are given importance to the consumers, taking care of their tastes and preferences and produce according to their needs and wants.
Free speech on the Internet is a very controversial subject and has been the key problem surrounding the Internet today. The attempt to regulate and govern the Internet is still pursued by government officials. This subject has been intensified due to terrorist attacks against the United States and around world within the past years. The government believes that by regulating the Internet, it will protect the general public from criminal actions and eliminate the exposure of children to pornography or vulgar language. Senator Jim Exon of ...