Rationale of study The review of essential oil and the detailed information about the acid value, saponification, antioxidant and antimicrobial study of essential oils of clove, mustard and ghee.
Aims and objectives we have to find out the activity of these oils against some bacteria and fungi and the compounds responsible for the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of oils and also check the acid value, saponification value of these oils.
Research methodology Isolation of essential oil with the help of Clevenger apparatus and determine the acid, saponification value antimicrobial activity and antioxidant property.
Syzygium aromaticum
Clove oil was extracted from the buds of syzygium aromaticum by using hot extraction method with the help of Clevenger apparatus . clove was purchased from the market in jalndhar (Punjab). And the clove was then filled inside round bottom flask and this flask was fitted with Clevenger then putted it on heating mantle. We use water as solvent and heatd for 1.5 to 2.5 hours at a temperature around 60 degree celcius and clove oil comes in the narrow tube of the apparatus from there we collected it through tap. We dry the extract with the help of sodium sulphate (Na2so4).
Mustard oil we purchase mustard oil from the market and further testing that is acid value,saponication value ,antimicrobial test and antioxidants properties were done in lpu labs.
Test for the antioxidant activities of essential oils
Method we took the samples of clove,mustard and ghee and tested them for antioxidant capabilities.
DPPH (2,2 diphenylpicryl hydrazyl)
This test was carried by mixing 1.5 ml ethanolic solution of each oil with 2 ml of a 0.2mM ethanolic solution. We will take ...
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... oil/fat taken.
Saponification value = 56.1(31 – 29.5)0.5
= 42.075 /1000
= 0.0420 g of koh per g of oil
Saponification value test for Ghee
Take 0.1g of mustard oil in a conical flask and add 25 ml of 0.5M alcoholic KOH to it. Boil the mixture on water bath until the clear solution appears. Cool the mixture and add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Then titrate it with 0.5N HCL solution. Conducts the blank titration along with the sample add all the reagents except the sample.
Saponification value = 56.1(B-S) N/W
Where
B = Volume of HCL require for blank
S = Volume of HCL require for sample.
N = normality of HCL
W = Weight in gm of the oil/fat taken.
Sap = 56.1(31 – 27)0.5
= 112.2/1000
= 0.112 g of koh per g of oil
Acid valueTest for mustard o
The boiling point of the product was conducted with the silicone oil. Lastly, for each chemical test, three test tubes were prepared with 2-methylcyclohexanol, the product, and 1-decene in each test tube, and a drop of the reagent were added to test tubes. The percent yield was calculated to be 74.8% with 12.6g of the product obtained. This result showed that most of 2-methylcyclohexanol was successfully dehydrated and produced the product. The loss of the product could be due to the incomplete reaction or distillation and through washing and extraction of the product. The boiling point range resulted as 112oC to 118oC. This boiling point range revealed that it is acceptable because the literature boiling point range included possible products, which are 1-methylcyclohexene, 3-methylcyclohexene, and methylenecyclohexane, are 110 to 111oC, 104oC, and 102 to 103 oC. For the results of IR spectroscopy, 2-methylcyclocahnol showed peaks at 3300 cm-1 and 2930 cm-1, which indicated the presence of alcohol and alkane functional group. Then, the peak from the product showed the same peak at 2930 cm-1 but the absence of the other peak, which indicated the absence of the alcohol
Sesame seed oil: This oil is packed with B-complex vitamins, which is essential if you have an autoimmune or chronic disease that could impact the levels of vitamin B in your body. Vitamin B is essential for optimal health. It is also very high in the antioxidant vitamin E, which plays a part in the prevention of heart disease and
Before you go on to try any other type of oil (or really any other type of food), cleanse your palate with water and slices of green apple
The crude extract obtained by solvent extraction was subjected to various qualitative tests to detect the presence of common chemical constituents as:
...nerated and replaced by fat. Recently, specific compounds in the oil have been identified, they produce regeneration that is even more amazing than that produced by the oil itself. (Gerras, 1056)
Introduction: The purpose of this experiment was to isolate eugenol or clove oil from cloves using steam distillation and determine whether it is an efficient way to carry out this experiment. Also, TLC and 1H NMR were preformed to analyze the purity of the isolated eugenol.
Spices should exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activity. Microbiologists and food-product developers have conducted laboratory experiments that involve challenging numerous foodborne bacteria, fungi, and yeasts with phytochemicals extracted from spice plants. Multiple techniques have been used. Nevertheless, it is now clear that many spices have potent antimicrobial properties (e.g., Hargreaves et al. 1975, Shelef 1984, Deans and Ritchie 1987, Zaika 1988, Beuchat 1994, Nakatani 1994, Hirasa and Takemasa 1998).
“Spices, the friend of physicians and the pride of cooks.”-Charlemagne. Many spices have been used since early times. Even though one might think spices are primarily used as flavoring and coloring agents, scientists have found many new uses for them. Spices exhibit many health benefits, especially preventing and fighting a wide variety of diseases. Spices can also be used to preserve food. They are known for their antimicrobial effect. Even though most bacteria is good and one cannot survive without it, some bacteria can be extremely harmful. Knowing which spices can prevent harmful bacterial growth in food can be helpful, if not life saving. Which household spices exhibit the most antimicrobial effect and prevent bacterial growth?
Oil includes any viscous liquid that has a non-poplar chemical content at ambient temperatures. Oils are both hydrophobic and lipophilic. Any form of oil has a high hydrogen and carbon content which is normally flammable and slippery. Oils are classified as chemical compounds which may otherwise be unrelated in properties, structure and uses. Modern researchers have made exhaustive explorations within some of the major oil fields in an effort to detect the rate at which the oil products are becoming depleted. This exploration and scientific research has been driven by the high consumption and extraction of oil in the last century.
Essential oils were used by the ancient Egyptians’ to produce perfumes. They spent hundreds’ of years’ trying to perfect beautiful smel...
Add 15mL of 6N sulfuric acid to a 125mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 105mL of deionized water (preparing approximately 0.75N sulfuric acid). Obtain a sample of the unknown. Weight the vial and contents accurately on an analytical balance. Handle the vial with a small strip of paper to reduce the risk of error (due to added weight). Pour about half of the sample into a clean dry 200mL Erlenmeyer flask and weight again. Use the remaining half of the sample to get a second weight of around 0.6g-0.7g. Make sure the vial is capped on every weight taken.
Using clove oil is provides a fast relieve to toothache because of the antioxidants and antibacterial properties it possesses. Clove oil have been used for many years for the treatment of toothaches. It also contains eugenol, an anesthetic which is an effective pain killer. It is mostly used in dental products. In a situation where a dentist can be
Lastly, food grade oils, such as lemon and black pepper, can be used internally when mixed with water or food” (“Essential Oils Vs. Modern Medicine”). Novice oil users should test out all three of these methods. This will help them to figure out which one works best for them so they can begin applying that method, or methods, to their daily life in order to experience the benefits of using the various oils. Using essential oils also offers a convenience factor by helping you to avoid having to go to the doctor to receive prescriptions.
The aim of this research is to analyze the uses of these various medicinal plants and to observe how each of them can treat and cure different ailments and diseases. The uses of these medicinal plants methods and how they are approved or applied will be assessed by doing this research report. The main objective of this project is to assess traditional medicinal plants and how they treat specific symptoms of disea...
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