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Slavery Literature Review
Essays on slave narrative
Essays on slave narrative
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Art, be it a painting or a literary work, is occasionally used as a channel for expressing a person’s point of view. In novels, this can be portrayed through the tone and word choice within the text. However art may just as likely be critiqued and not appreciated. This was how Babouk, by Guy Endore, was treated because of the way it depicted history. When looking at Babouk there is a sense of an underlying political view of the author. This is due to how Endore uses the concept of 18th century slavery as a way of talking about the treatment of African Americans in the 1930s. Endore uses ironic word choice which in turn gives the novel a sarcastic tone. The tone is what, in the end, portrays his view of the 1930s and gives the reader a better …show more content…
He does so at first when talking about why the “nigger taster” spit in the faces of the Africans (Endore 5). In that passage he seems to address the incident sarcastically. He says that it 's bad enough the “nigger taster” had to lick the blacks, but imagine having to swallow the spit as well. This presents his point of view pretty early on within the text. This introduces us to Endore’s sarcastic tone. To clarify his political stance however, he addresses the reader in a more direct sense – by apologizing. That apology, of course, was meant as an ironic addition. In that passage the narrator mentions how you can 't be kind or gentle with a Negro or they’ll end up betraying you. However, the betrayal examples mentioned may also have occurred by chance and may not actually have been planned. Endore connects this point to unjust punishment given to Negroes based on accusations alone. In addition to that point he mentions the lynching of an African American who may or may not have raped a girl. He then apologizes and states how that “was an anachronistic slip…Today the black man is everywhere free and equal to the white” (Endore 53). The choice to include both the statement about the lynching and the statement of equality expresses a political view. It seemed as if he was referring to the Scottsboro trials where nine African American boys, in the 1930s, were accused of raping two white …show more content…
This was partly due to the difference between the African Americans and the whites. They would watch the whites go to church with envy. At one point there was a mention of how the blacks would wait for the whites church session to be over so they could be blessed with the priest’s preaching. The priest would tell them how if they behave and are good on earth they would be sent to heaven. The slaves are all enthused because they have a chance to be sent to “white heaven” (Endore 92). However the way the priest explains it is that God didn 't judge by skin color he judged by how a person acted. This in itself is a political statement because this shows that the differences between races were man made and not how man was created. This in theory goes against how many people in the 1800s and even the 1930s viewed
Slave rebellions are the common topic of the two stories. Melville plays with the anxiety whites had of such and Douglass of its possibility to elevate slaves out of their misery. If paraphrased, the end of chapter X in Douglass’s Narrative serves as a perfect illustration of this: Douglass describes his Master Hugh seizing the money Douglass had earned; “not because he [Hugh] earned it, - not because he had any hand in earning it … but solely because he had the power to compel me to give it up.” Exchange ‘money’ with ‘liberty’ and Babo’s right to revolution as that “of the grim-visaged pirate upon the high seas”, becomes as right as the white man’s enslavement of blacks. In understanding this, Babo turns into a true hero – albeit a literate one – on a level with Nat Turner, Madison Washington and others. His quest for freedom and his struggle to achieve it deserves to be remembered, just as Douglass is remembered today.
Frederick Douglass used family values, basic human rights, and religion to persuade the northern white audience toward the cause of abolition. He expects his readers will share his “hate [for] the corrupt, slaveholding, woman whipping, cradle-plundering, partial and hypocritical Christianity of [southern slaveholders]” (Douglass 71). American slavery does not exist in today due partly to Douglass’s effort to help advance the cause of abolition.
In the Constitution of the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage of 1787, President of the Society, Benjamin Franklin states, “It having pleased the Creator of the world, to make of one flesh, all the children of men – it becomes them to consult and promote each other’s happiness, as members of the same family, however diversified they may be, by color, situation, religion, or different states of society.” (Doc. B). Mr. Franklin talks about how if we are to please God, we all need to act as one huge family despite whatever race, religion, financial income, etc. Throughout Document B, Benjamin Franklin continues to speak that a Christian’s obligation should extend their power to everyone and express the true meaning of freedom. “And who acknowledge the oblig...
The black slaves in general held to a different form Christianity that was unbeknownst to traditional orthodox Christianity. As discussed in lecture on February 4, 2014, black slaves held to an interpretation of Christianity that placed emphasis on the Old Testament, and all of its hero’s and accomplishments. The slaves also reinterpreted Jesus Christ, figuring Him into the Old Testament context of an Old Testament King like King David, who achieved many victories upon this earth (Lecture 2/4/14). Due to the perversion of Christian teachings from slave master and their erroneous catechisms, the slaves reacted strongly against the New Testament and its teachings. In turn, the slaves would cling to the Old Testament, particularly due to the role that the Jews suffered in the midst of their captivity to the Egyptians in ancient times. (Covered in the Bible under the Old Testament books of Genesis and Exodus) The reality of God coming to the aid of His chosen people the Jews was a theme that encouraged and comforted the slaves, and they gladly adopted this similar idea of being God’s “chosen people.” Also, the slaves held to Old ...
Moreover, many owners later came to feel that Christianity may actually have encouraged rebellion (all those stories of Moses and the Israelites in Egypt, after all, talked about the liberation of the slaves), and so they began to discourage Christian missionaries from preaching to the slaves. African Americans have taken their own spiritual, religious journey. God was looked upon as a source of peace and encouragement. The community of enslave Africans were able to use religion and spirituality as a way of overcoming the mental anguish of slavery on a daily basis. To a slave, religion was the most important aspect of their life. Nothing could come between their relationship with god. It was their rock, the only reason why they could wake up in the morning, the only way that they endured this most turbulent time in our history.
In this time frame, many people believed that God would forgive their actions against African Americans and that no effort as necessary to change the system of slavery. Miss Ophelia assumes that God will forgive her for her bigotry even though she makes no effort to become a better person or change her opinions on race. Many also believed that African Americans were not their equals, and therefore saw no issue with their treatment of slaves. Despite this, many still feared an organized revolt of the slaves against them, so maintaining power over them was important. Simon Legree uses Christianity against his slaves in order to maintain control over them, hoping that punishment for practicing the Christian faith will prevent his slaves from developing ideas of freedom. On the other hand, religion also creates hope for many people during this period. Evangeline is portrayed as the perfect Christian, and shows how the Christian faith can create hope for people and inspire them to lead good Christian lives, setting an almost unreachable standard. Uncle Tom also portrays hope that can be gained from the Christian faith. As a Christ figure, Uncle Tom is able to inspire many others to become better Christians and hope for a better life in the future. Religion had a very large range of meaning to people
African- Americans were not allowed to vote in this time period. Politically colored people were put down. They were often told that they were not good enough to be able to have a say in who gets to take the office. Robert Hayden writes, “. . . when it is more than the gaudy mumbo jumbo of politicians:/ this man, this Douglass, this former slave.” (Page 1067). Even though African-Americans were not allowed to vote Frederick Douglass stayed loving and kind to others. Politics was not the only discrimination that African-Americans had to put up
The owners and congregation of the churches would argue that these African-American men and women do not have the ability to understand divinity, yet, both Banneker and Douglas are Christians and allude many sections of their writings to the Bible and Christianity. In his writing, Banneker compares the Bible to the Declaration of Independence, in which Jefferson had a heavy hand in: “….the Father of mankind and of his equal and impartial distribution of those rights and privileges which he had conferred upon them, that you should at the same time counteract his mercies” (191). He breaks down the fact that the father or creator would be disgusted with how man is not treated as an equal and that claiming they are equal while still being a slave owner is unjust, thus, proving the fact that if they are going to claim man to be equal than the shackles of all slaves should be relinquished and the slaves should be free like the white man. Otherwise, there is no justice, and there cannot be justice for the Declaration of Independence is written in hypocrisy. There is no way to justify actions against the slaves and somehow slave owners try and justify their actions through their churches. Douglas states that the ceremonies these men are attending are nothing but empty sermons allowing men to feel good about themselves. While in this light they are
During that period of time, African American could be the most cruel people in America. Though in modern time America, congress has removed slavery laws, but black people were not getting a lot of respects. Whenever they go to a restroom, there are white restroom and colored restroom. Also, they have set up the different section of trains which is colored section and white section. The saddest part is that when an African american has the same job a white people has, he would most likely to get lower pays than the white people, or even can not get pays. The society has been so cruel to African americans. So it is so far from the “All men are created equal”. So if we want to let America be America again, we should deny the color of skins make differences, but admit that everyone no matter what color he is, he is a man."Let it be the dream it used to be.Let it be the pioneer on the plain "Seeking a home where he himself is free.Man should not be treated differently because of the differences on religions. From the matter of fact that no matter what kind of religion, people believes in God, but different kind of God. Christian had reject the atheist a lot, also other religions too. America was built base on the freedom of religion, so that atheist and other religious should stand on the same stage, and there is no the better religion in this nation. People should treat each others the same instead of treating
Beginning in 1770, slaves in the southern states began to convert to evangelism religions such as Methodist and Baptist Faiths. Ways of worship such as clapping, dancing and singing were encouraged by evangicals, which was similar to African worship patterns. The idea that Christians were equal in the sight of God was a message that provided hope to slaves. In 1800, emphasis was placed on Protestant evangelicalism, individual freedom and direct communication with God. In 1810, slave trade in the U.S. came to an end. During this time period, whites would insist on slave attendance at the white controlled church where ministers promoted obedience to ones master. Blacks saw white actions as a mockery of the "true" Christian message of equality
Whites were very inconsiderate of the African American Culture. Blacks were very worshipful in songs, dances, and prayers. Missionaries forced them to change their place of worship and ways of celebrating God. Missionaries believed they could change Africa’s spiritual cultural. Physically the slaves were prohibited from attending church, but psychologically the church was deep down in them. Slaves learned to hum as a way of welcoming Gods presence. No matter how the whites treated the slaves they knew there was a God and as they were getting whooped they would say “Father have mercy on them”. Religion in the film “Sankofa” played a big part in everyday life of blacks. The only thing they had to hold fast to was their religion. The white man was acting as a God. When the slaves went to pray they white man would be in the building lit up with candles. Only certain slave s would be accepted to come pray or enter the
Traveling into the aspect of slavery, slavery seems distant from the discussions over concerns that split white and black people in the world currently. Slavery was not just a unique aspect of American culture for three centuries; it has been a critical fragment of our nation’s life. African-American history has played an essential role in the shaping of politics, economics, and culture in the United States. As slavery developed in colonial America and the United States, so do slave codes laws that defined the low position of slaves in the United States. The instructions different on or after state to state and from time to time and were not always enforced. “Slaves could not marry or even meet with a free Black.” “A slave could not leave a plantation without a pass nothing his or her destination and time of return.” “And no one, including Whites, was to teach a slave (in some areas, even a free Black) to read or write or to give a slave a book, including the Bible.” “Violations of these rules were dealt with in a variety of ways.” Even though the slave was defenseless to his or her owner’s desires, slavery as a body was defenseless to outer view. The future of what will not change is the Issue of
Novels often depict realistic situations and outlooks on life. This enables the reader to view and learn about different aspects of life through the author’s depictions. Authors expose world issues and their opinions through their novels and create stories about them. In the novel, The Book of Negroes, Lawrence Hill exposes the issue of racial discrimination through a fictional character named Aminata. The protagonist is abducted into slavery and experiences hardships, tragedies, oppression, and betrayal. She encounters the many horrors and obstacles of the world in her long journey to freedom. Aminata’s story captures the truth behind other people in terms of their treatment and judgment of the unfamiliar. Hill’s novel effectively exposes
Although black theology became popular in the early 1960’s, it was not an entirely new subject. Black theology views God and Christianity as a gospel relevant to blacks who struggled daily under the oppression of whites. The origins of it are clearly seen in spirituals sang by African Americans during the time of slavery nearly 400 years ago. Because of slavery, Blacks’ concept of God was totally different from the masters who enslaved them. White Christians saw god as more of a spiritual savior, while the reflection of God for blacks came in their struggle for freedom. Slave theology then opened up to Black theology which first began when churches began to become segregated. Many could not understand how Whites could continue to behave this way in the Lord’s house. It was soon realized that this was because, according to them, their God allowed segregation.
As doctors were not available to most blacks during this time -- slave or free -- they were forced to depend upon their intuitive nature and upbringing. For instance, spiderweb is used as first aid for cuts, while grease is spread liberally over these same cuts as a long-term ointment of sorts. For slaves, church was simply another segregated part of life which forced them to develop their own way of practicing their faith. African roots are very visible in Baby Sugg's "sermons" in the Clearing. White men go to church, sit down in wooden pews, and settle in for a lengthy dissertation on their sins.