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Women in English literature
Women in English literature
Women in English literature
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The twentieth century was an age in which fiction became a recognized and an extremely popular genre in English literature. An interesting feature in the field of post-war British fiction was the advent of more and more women writers into the field. Feminist writing was one of the most interesting divisions in fiction. Women writers like Iris Murdoch, Muriel Spark, Doris Lessing, Margaret Drabble, Anita Brookner and P. D. James were some of the well-known novelists of the post-war modern Britain. Humour, politics and experimentation were found in the works of these women writers. Though the themes and styles differed most of the women writers emphasised the importance of the subconscious and its mysterious workings. Anita Brookner, the Booker Prize winning novelist has portrayed the lives of women in relation to their careers and relationships.
Anita Brookner was born in London of Polish- Jewish parents on 16 July 1928. She attended King's College in London before obtaining her Ph.D in art history from the Courteuld Institute of Art. She was the first woman to be named the Slaude Professor of Fine Arts at Cambridge University. Before she started writing novels she had published a large number of books on the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century art, especially on French painting. Her highly acclaimed works of art criticism include those on French painters Jean-Antoine Watteau, Jean-Baptiste Greuze, and Jacques-Louis David. Though she was a renowned author on art history she started writing novels only much later in life. Most of her novels which she began to write annually from 1980 portray the lives of intelligent and affluent women, who are "in search of relationships or on the verge of extricating themsel...
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...he novel fulfils a particular function if it's written by a woman for other women" (Kenyon, page 23). Therefore the fiction of Anita Brookner, the post-war British writer show modern women in a struggle between idealism and reality.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Kenyon, Olga. Women Writers Talk: Interviews with 10 Women Writers. London: Lennard Publishing, 1989.
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Shattock, Joanne. The Oxford Guide to British Women Writers. London: Oxford, 1994.
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Harris, Susan K.. "'But is it any good?': Evaluating Nineteenth-Century American Women's Fiction." American Literature 63 (March 1991): 42-61.
Kort, Carol. A to Z of American Women Writers. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2007. Print.
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On Being Young-A Woman-and Colored an essay by Marita Bonner addresses what it means to be black women in a world of white privilege. Bonner reflects about a time when she was younger, how simple her life was, but as she grows older she is forced to work hard to live a life better than those around her. Ultimately, she is a woman living with the roles that women of all colors have been constrained to. Critics, within the last 20 years, believe that Marita Bonners’ essay primarily focuses on the double consciousness ; while others believe that she is focusing on gender , class , “economic hardships, and discrimination” . I argue that Bonner is writing her essay about the historical context of oppression forcing women into intersectional oppression by explaining the naturality of racial discrimination between black and white, how time and money equate to the American Dream, and lastly how gender discrimination silences women, specifically black women.
Booth, Alison, and Kelly J. Mays. The Norton Introduction to Literature. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010. Print.
As the social and economic conditions of eighteenth century Britain shifted from a family based system to one dependent on industry, women were no longer valuable as workers. This transition allowed for the developing reading habits of the middleclass woman as they were left with more free time. However, the cultural definition of females compromised the feminized genre. As women were defined as subordinate to men, their literature was reduced by critics to "bad-fiction." One critic wrote, "So long at the British ladies continue to encourage our hackney scribblers, by reading every romance that appears, we need not wonder that the press should swarm with such poor insignificant productions" (365). Despite the presumed inferiority of fiction, authors, ...
Gilbert, Sandra M. and Susan Gubar. The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979. Print.
Gilbert, S., Gubar, S. (2000) The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and Nineteenth Century Literary Imagination. Yale University Press. Dixon, R W (1886) Personal letters.
Fisher, Jerilyn, and Ellen S. Silber. Women in Literature: Reading Through the Lens of Gender. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2003. Print.
There is no doubt that the literary written by men and women is different. One source of difference is the sex. A woman is born a woman in the same sense as a man is born a man. Certainly one source of difference is biological, by virtue of which we are male and female. “A woman´s writing is always femenine” says Virginia Woolf
Treichler , P ., Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature, Vol. 3, No. 1/2, Feminist Issues in LiteraryScholarship Avaliable from: :< http://www.jstor.org/stable/463825> [Accessed 10 March 2014]
“Girls wear jeans and cut their hair short and wear shirts and boots because it is okay to be a boy; for a girl it is like promotion. But for a boy to look like a girl is degrading, according to you, because secretly you believe that being a girl is degrading” (McEwan 55-56). Throughout the history of literature women have been viewed as inferior to men, but as time has progressed the idealistic views of how women perceive themselves has changed. In earlier literature women took the role of being the “housewife” or the household caretaker for the family while the men provided for the family. Women were hardly mentioned in the workforce and always held a spot under their husband’s wing. Women were viewed as a calm and caring character in many stories, poems, and novels in the early time period of literature. During the early time period of literature, women who opposed the common role were often times put to shame or viewed as rebels. As literature progresses through the decades and centuries, very little, but noticeable change begins to appear in perspective to the common role of women. Women were more often seen as a main character in a story setting as the literary period advanced. Around the nineteenth century women were beginning to break away from the social norms of society. Society had created a subservient role for women, which did not allow women to stand up for what they believe in. As the role of women in literature evolves, so does their views on the workforce environment and their own independence. Throughout the history of the world, British, and American literature, women have evolved to become more independent, self-reliant, and have learned to emphasize their self-worth.
the future with her novels such as The Vindication of the Rights of Women and The Vindication of the
Virginia Woolf was born January 25, 1882 to an English household in London. Her father was Sir Leslie Steven, a historian and author who was a major figure during the golden age of mountaineering; her mother Julia Prinsep Steven, an India native, nurse and also an author of the profession. With two substantial successors as her parents, Woolf was one of seven siblings granted with majestic opportunities. These opportunities included being educated by her parents. During this time girls were not allowed to go to school and many did not have the privilege of parents whom were able to instil education. Knowing this, Virginia was bound to excel in life. In fact, Woolf utilized her privileged life to her potential. She spent time in numerous locations which she eventually incorporated into a lot of her work and modernist novels such as, Profession for Women. In the essay, Profession for Women Woolf discusses, “the Victorian phantom known as the Angel in the House that selfless, sacrificial woman in the nineteenth century whose sole purpose in life was to soothe, to flatter, and to comfort the male half of the world’s population.” The essay shows how women struggled daily with the views Victorian society placed upon them. The ways of the Victorian era transcended over into the modernist times because some women were too afraid to explore their true selves. However, Virginia did not accept these ways because she knew as a woman she could not be complete if she lived up to the Victorian standards. Woolf determined that unless one has explored and experimented the new things attainable from the world then they also cannot be complete. In this essay, I will be responding to Virginia Woolf’s essay Professions of Women and the struggle of ...