Analysis Of The Bystander Effect

On Friday, March 13, 1964, around 3:15 a.m., in Kew Gardens, located in Queens, New York, Katherine “Kitty” Genovese walks home from the end of her job shift, is attacked and screams before she William Moseley murders her. However, a large number of neighbors hear her cries for assistance, and details differ as to how many people call the police. Subsequently, a single witness who hears Kitty scream ultimately makes the call for police assistance.

This situation prompts the phenomenon of the bystander effect, which suggests there is a diffusion of responsibility (John Darley and Bibb Latané, 1968). Therefore, Darley and Latané (1968) postulate and coin the bystander effect and diffusion of responsibility in emergency situations in regard to

(2011), they postulate a cost of decrease in bystander effect upon perceiving dangerous situations to comparison situations with no danger, where perpetrators are present versus not being present, and the expense of intervention is physical in comparison to non-physical during such event. Their findings show that laboratory studies differ from real world situations and differences in genetics. For example, comparing male physical strength to female physical strength may be reason in the lack of offering assistance (Peter Fisher and et al, 2011). In evolution psychology, altruism in group selection and traits are a part of survival instinct. However, the promotion of prosocial behavior as a basic motivational determination is an inclusion is an inclusion of studies social psychology prosocial theory in which people may have the drive to assist

For example, in non-emergency situations, those which include public self-awareness may increase through the use of cues. In this case, accountability cues may include the use of technology which may reverse the bystander effect (Marco van Bommel, Jan-Willem van Prooijen, Henk Elffers, & Paul Van Lange, 2012). Technology is useful in many urban cities as a crime deterrent. Conversely, Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin Akert and Samuel R. Sommers, suggest that people be may be less likely to help in an urban environment due to stimulation overload in compassion to rural environments (Aronson and et al., 2016). Interestingly, P. M. Markey (2000) and researcher’s hypothesis that a study of using a computer environment will produce a request for assistance faster in reaction time in an online chat room. However, the asking person’s request was met by individual helpers quicker than in a group (P. M. Markey, 2000). The bystander phenomenon thus remains intact as Darley and L postulate in regards to the larger group size with less intervention, and knowing someone by their name increases assistance and may eliminate the bystander