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The Bystander Effect
bystander theory strengths and limitations
cons on the bystander effect
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Recommended: The Bystander Effect
The bystander effect is a phenomenon in our society in which people will most likely not help a victim when there are other people around, making you a bystander. One of the most used examples was the case of Kitty Genovese. The New Yorker reported that she was stabbed to death in New York City, and 38 eyewitnesses did not try to help in any way. If people are informed about this social phenomenon then there is a better chance that more people will break this unwritten rule.
The course would be largely based off studies already published, starting with the 1968 study based on Kitty Genovese’s murder case, Axel Casian, Esmin Green, Hugo Alfred Tale-Yax and other popular cases where individuals just expect someone else is going to help. The bystander effect is an element of social psychology that implies that when the number of bystanders is increased in an emergency situation, the less likely any of the bystanders will aid, or assist in the situation. According to Psychorod.com, The diffusion of responsibility is a phenomenon related to the bystander’s sense of responsibility to aid and decreases when there are more witnesses present. In “The Bystander Effect,” article by psychrod.com it explains that this phenomenon in social psychology happens when the number
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But what this view neglects to take into account is that society has encouraged students to follow the crowed, mind their own business, and put themselves before other people, however, with this course, students will learn, and be inspired to leave their comfort zone and help others as they would expect others to do for them. Another argument could be that the bystander effect occurs when there is a large crowd and you believe someone else is going to help so you better not get in the way; but the people around you are thinking the same
The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the:
All in all, if we do not stand up then we only affirm the perpetrators, and if there are too many that affirm perpetrators instead of standing up for the victim, bystanders can prove to be more dangerous than the perpetrators.
The bystander effect is a the phenomenon in which the more people are are around the less likely someone will step-in or help in a given situation. THe most prominent example of this is the tragic death of Kitty Genovese. In march of 1964 Kitty genovese was murdered in the alley outside of her apartment. That night numerous people reported hearing the desperate cries for help made by Kitty Genovese who was stabbed to death. Her screams ripped through the night and yet people walked idly by her murder. No one intervened and not even a measly phone call to the police was made.
As our textbook describes the bystander effect as the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present. To put it into my own words, I think that bystander effect is where people are less likely to help because of the diffusion of responsibility. We are more likely to help: the person appears to need and deserve help, if the person is in some way similar to us, the person is a woman, when we have just observed someone else being helpful, if we are not in a hurry, if we are in a small town or rural areas, when we are feeling guilty, when we are focused on others and not preoccupied, and when we are in a great/good mood (Myers).
It was stated that whether or not people help depends on a series of interconnected events and decisions. They must first notice what’s happening, understand that it is an emergency and accept personal responsibility. When this fails to happen that is called the bystander effect (Carpenter & Huffman, 2008, p. 422).
Through life, each person is taught to act like a ‘good samaritan’ and to treat others as you would have them to you. The Bystander Effect is a social psychology experiment that investigates the cases in which individuals chose not to offer any help to a victim when other people are present. Psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latanè begun their experimenting on the subject after the murder of Kitty Genovese. Studies have shown that the more bystanders nearby in a situation the less likely the victim would receive help. Social Influence, the responsibility and decisions involved and the characteristics of the situation are just some variables that influence the bystander effect.
The term of “bystander effect” was coined to explain the lack of action in an emergency situation when more people are nearby. Psychologists had tried to explain the absurd phenomena for years. Finally, in an eventful lunch, American psychologists Darley and Latane discussed to show and explain why such an event occurred. They designed an experiment where participants were asked to sit down in individual cubicles and could communicate with other subjects over an intercom system. There was actually only one real participant in the study; the other participants were pre-recorded voices, including one person that had a seizure. The researchers manipulated the...
It just depends on oneself. When solving a bystander, many people that know the problem and see the actions can gather together and talk about it to help out. Many kinds of behavior are included in it as in witness helping behavior, being observant, being skilled and knowledgeable, guilt, having a personal relationship, seeing others as deserving of the help and feeling good. Bystanders can also be experienced as in people trying to do it and see what is the reaction to it. Just like in
A bystander is a person who is present and overlooks an event but takes no part within it. If someone was to be lying on a sidewalk unconscious and another person walked by and ignores the fact that there is a human being lying passed out in front of them, it makes them a bystander. However, bystanders are present in many different varieties. A possible bystander could be someone who hears a conversation occurring about breaking into a house, if the person decides not to say anything and later the house gets broken into it makes them a bystander. A psychological study done by Bibb Latané and John Darley discovered that “…people are less likely to offer help when they are in a group than when they are alone” (Burkley). This discovery can be
... (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 377-383.
The social psychology phenomenon that I have chosen is the spotlight effect. The spotlight effect is the belief that others are paying more attention to one's appearance and behavior than they really are (Myers, 2013). This phenomenon occurs more in adolescence and in situations such as public speaking or if a person has a change in appearance (i.e. a blemish or a “bad” haircut). The spotlight effect particularly interests me because I have experienced this phenomenon and I have seen many of my friends and family members experience it as well. I feel that it is fascinating that people feel that others are paying more attention to them than they actually are and that we see ourselves as center stage (Myers, 2013).
The bystander effect plays a key role in society today. More and more people ignore a person in distress.
Manning, R., Levine, M., & Collins, A. (2007). The Kitty Genovese Murder and the Social Psychology of Helping: The parable of the 38 witnesses. American Psychologist, 62 (6), 555-562.
Social facilitation refers to the tendency one has to perform better at a simple task when they are being observed by an authority figure or an audience. However, when the task is not simple or easy, they may perform worse because they become nervous or feel as though they are under too much pressure. A great example of social facilitation can be described using a study performed by Norman Triplett in 1898 in which he did a research study on cyclists. When the cyclists were racing against one another, rather than against a clock, their speed increased because they were competing with each other. This also explains the co-action effect, in which people will have an increase in their performance on a task when they are around others who are performing the same task. Another explanation could be the audience effect, wh...
Many other researchers had similar arguments to the bystander effect. The bystander effect was a controversial topic. One critic was Francis Cherry who said that Latané and Darley did not look at important features, such as gender relations and violence (Manning et. al, 2007, p.559). Latané and Darley weren’t the only social psychologists of the time. Zimbardo, Allport, and Millgram explored other social aspects of the bystander tradition (Manning et. al, 2007, p.560). Related theories include Zimbardo’s prison, Milgram’s obedience study, and fundamental attribution error (Jarrett, 2012). The researchers did not merely criticize the bystander effect. They added on to Latané and Darley’s work, creating new theories to explain social situations involving bystanders. If it weren’t for Latané and Darley’s research, social psychology involving bystanders would not be as