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History of the development of computers
History of the development of computers
The impact alan turing had on world war 2 essay
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Although he was in England at the time if it wasn’t for Alan Turing the world would be a different place. Without his contribution Americans would not only be speaking German but may even be under the power of Germany. Turing played a crucial role in the victory over Germany in world war 2, but that’s not all he did. Alan Turing, mathematician and educator, is known for practically inventing modern computers and breaking the German Enigma code. Turing was born on June 23rd, 1912 in London, England. From a young age his teachers could tell that he was special when it came to mathematics and sciences. When in highschool at a private school his teachers began to focus on literatures more than mathematics and science. Turing then took it uoin himself to learn theoretical mathematics. For college he attended Cambridge to continue his education in mathematics. In 1936 he published a paper that was essentially the foundation of his program for computers. The paper was entitled, “On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem.” The modern computer is practically based on his paper. Turing named it the, “Universal Turing Machine.” After his fellowship at King’s College he then furthered his education again by earning a Ph.D. from …show more content…
This work was done at Bletchley Park. During this time he made five very important advances in the field of cryptanalysis. After successfully breaking the enigma code, he then wrote two papers on breaking codes which would help the Government Communications Headquarters. Turing ended up back in London in the fortys to work at the National Physical Laboratory. Here he started what would be the groundwork that would help others later invent a personal computer. In 1950 he wrote another paper over artificial intelligence and also created an expirement called, “the Turing Test.” This experiment would influence several debates over
The Turing test was a test that allows humans to evaluate the question “can machines think?” Turing evaluates that one should not ask if machines can think, but conduct an experiment which can prove that it can think. In order to answer this question, Turing created
Back in the 18th Century everything was moderate and things were not as advanced as they are today. Most people had to do things by hand or some did have machines, but they would still have to be use their hands to control it. But one man saw that all this can change while he was working one day. And he became famous for his invention and from that point on he changed the way machines were made.
At some point in our lives, we have wondered about the possibility of a computer being able to think. John Searle addresses this issue in his paper, “Can Computers Think?”, where he argues that computers cannot think because they are directed by formal information. This means that the information presented is only syntax with no semantics behind it. In this paper, I will elaborate more on Searle’s position and reasoning whilst critiquing his argument by saying that it is possible to derive semantics from syntax. Finally, I will analyze the significance of my criticism and present a possible response from Searle to defend his argument.
John Broadus Watson was born in Greenville, South Carolina on January 9, 1878 to Emma and Pickens Watson (Watson, 1999). He had a childhood that was torn between a very religious Christian mother and a drunk father, who often got into trouble with law enforcement. His mother pushed him to be a proper Christian, but growing up John was closer to his father (Weiland, n.d.). Unfortunately John’s father had cheated on his mother multiple times and eventually left the family in 1891, which had a huge negative impact on John. (Watson, 1999) His academic motivation declined, and he turned to violence finding himself in trouble with the law much like his father. However, his life turned around when he was accepted Furman University at the age of 16. His academic motivation improved along with his general attitude. While at
One of the hottest topics that modern science has been focusing on for a long time is the field of artificial intelligence, the study of intelligence in machines or, according to Minsky, “the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men”.(qtd in Copeland 1). Artificial Intelligence has a lot of applications and is used in many areas. “We often don’t notice it but AI is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and the servers that route our email.” (BBC 1). Different goals have been set for the science of Artificial Intelligence, but according to Whitby the most mentioned idea about the goal of AI is provided by the Turing Test. This test is also called the imitation game, since it is basically a game in which a computer imitates a conversating human. In an analysis of the Turing Test I will focus on its features, its historical background and the evaluation of its validity and importance.
Alan Mathison Turing was born in Paddington, London, on June 23, 1912. He was a precocious child and began his interests in science and mathematics at a young age, but was never concerned about other right-brain classes such as English. This continued until an important friend of his passed away and set Turing on a path to achieve what his friend could no longer accomplish. When his friend Christopher Morcom died, Turing was launched into thoughts in physics about the physical mind being embodied in matter and whether quantum-mechanical theory affects the traditional problem of mind and matter. Many say today that this was the beginnings of Turing’s Turning Machine and the test still used today for artificial intelligence, the Turing Test.
Alan Turing being the protagonist of this film undergoes many scenes of conflict which makes the film more appealing to the audience by allowing them to either relate to him or sympathise for him. There are many scenes where Turing is advised to keep his gender preference under the radar or even black mailed to keep quiet under the threat of telling authorities that he is a homosexual. There is a scene where Turing finds the Soviet Spy in Bletchley Park who turns out to be John Cairncross. Cairncross catches Turing before he spreads the secret and says "if you tell them my secret I'll tell them your's". Another example of black mail is when Stewart Menzies, who is in on Cairncross's undercover work, finds out of Turing's knowledge and blackmails Turing in the same way Cairncross did. These examples of the protagonist being seen in conflict makes the film more appealing to the audience by making the character seem more relatable as everyone in life come across different types of conflict and it is appealing to see how other people overcome their
To provide the necessary context for the design of the Turing Machine, one must study the history of its creator, Alan Turing. He was born on June 23, 1912, in the city of London. Although a very wise child,
There could of been no phones today or computers,we have like this today. He was important because he came up with the idea and was able to make a call and it worked. The text states,”Bell worked with Thomas Watson on the design and patent of the first practical telephone. This is why he was important, now what did this do to change things.
The conditions of the present scenario are as follows: a machine, Siri*, capable of passing the Turing test, is being insulted by a 10 year old boy, whose mother is questioning the appropriateness of punishing him for his behavior. We cannot answer the mother's question without speculating as to what A.M. Turing and John Searle, two 20th century philosophers whose views on artificial intelligence are starkly contrasting, would say about this predicament. Furthermore, we must provide fair and balanced consideration for both theorists’ viewpoints because, ultimately, neither side can be “correct” in this scenario. But before we compare hypothetical opinions, we must establish operant definitions for all parties involved. The characters in this scenario are the mother, referred to as Amy; the 10 year old boy, referred to as the Son; Turing and Searle; and Siri*, a machine that will be referred to as an “it,” to avoid an unintentional bias in favor of or against personhood. Now, to formulate plausible opinions that could emerge from Turing and Searle, we simply need to remember what tenants found their respective schools of thought and apply them logically to the given conditions of this scenario.
Computer engineering started about 5,000 years ago in China when they invented the abacus. The abacus is a manual calculator in which you move beads back and forth on rods to add or subtract. Other inventors of simple computers include Blaise Pascal who came up with the arithmetic machine for his father’s work. Also Charles Babbage produced the Analytical Engine, which combined math calculations from one problem and applied it to solve other complex problems. The Analytical Engine is similar to today’s computers.
Turing, Alan. “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.” The Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence. Margaret A. Boden, ed. New York: Oxford UP, 1990. 40-66.
Thomas (Alva) Edison was one of America’s most important and famous inventors. Edison was born into a time and place where there wasn’t much technological advancements. His inventions helped a lot of things quickly change in the world. His inventions contributed to many inventions today such as the night light, movies, telephones, and records and CDs.
Alexander Graham Bell was a notable scientist and engineer that changed the world with his invention of the telephone. Without the telephone, everyone would not have a reliable communication device. Alexander Graham Bell is considered one of the most influential people in human history.
The turing machine was developed for computation. Alan turing introduced the imaginary machine to the world, which could take input (these inputs usually represents the various mathematical objects), and then produces some output after