The Bombing of PAN AM Flight 103
PAN AM flight 103, taxied down London’s Heathrow airport at approximately 6:04 P.M., on December, 21st, 1988 en-route to New York City (Rosenburg, 2014). With 243 passengers and 16 crew members, “Clipper 103” as it was identified, had no clue they had roughly 38 minutes to live (Rosenburg, 2014). As the crew approached the oceanic portion of the flight the pilot requested permission from the tower to proceed with their journey over the Atlantic Ocean. This was the last time air traffic control would have verbal contact with the aircraft (Ushynskyi, 2009). A midair explosion sent all 259 people on board to a fiery grave. The remnants of the explosion rained down on the unsuspecting town of Lockerbie, Scotland,
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Disaster sites always present the stress of identifying multiple (and often unrecognizable), victims, and often times encompasses massive areas of land that must be methodically searched for evidence (Federal Bureau of Investigation, n.d.). The case involving Pan Am flight 103 was no exception. The wreckage of the flight was scattered over an area of 845 square miles across Scotland. This presented logistical and jurisdictional issues for investigators. International cooperation was crucial in the successful solving of this case (Federal Bureau of Investigation, …show more content…
The investigation was also one of the largest international law enforcement endeavors of its time (Birkland, 2004). This tragedy, like most devastating events, changed the course of history and is a directly affected aviation safety as we know it today. The forensic findings during the investigation also helped change aviation safety policy and procedures. The result was improvement in training for airport security personnel, examination of quality control issues and heightened aviation security regulations (Birkland,
In unit six we learned about anthropology and entomology and how forensic scientist use it different cases. Even though entomology was not that useful in The Oklahoma bombing case, anthropology was extremely useful for identifying the victims. Since it was an explosion, Forensic anthropologist had to study different remains of the victim's body and use different techniques (such as examining bone development) to identify who they were. For example, the death toll was originally 169 people (one person higher) than it is now because of an unidentified left leg was found and they couldn’t find the body it originally came from. Later, medical examiners compared the size of the tibia of the leg to other victims right leg. Finally forensic found
Embar-Seddon, A., & Pass, A. D. (2009). World Trade Center Bombing. In Forensic science (3rd ed., pp. 1028-1031). Pasadena, California: Salem Press.
Is the government covering up the truth about the September 11 event in New York City or it’s just classified information that the world is not ready for. For many Years people around the world have came up with all these conspiracy theories about 911. theories such as Flight 93 being completely staged, there really was no second plane, some even say inside traders knew about attacks before they happened. These theories have many people wondering if the government really is covering up the truth about 911. Though no one can prove whether some 911 conspiracies are true , there are many suspicious events leading up to the tragedy that point to foul play.
The attacks that occurred on 9/11 took place on September 11th, 2001. In this devastating event, four different attacks had taken place. Each of the attacks were carried out by terrorists. The group responsible for the attack was Al-Qaeda, a militant Islamist organization that is known to be global in present day. The group itself has a network consisting of a Sunni Muslim movement that aims to make global Jihad happen. Furthermore, a stateless, multinational army that is ready to move at any given time. This terrorist group focuses on attacking non-Sunni Muslims, those who are not Muslim, and individuals who the group deems to be kafir. Ever since the late 1980s, Al-Qaeda has been wreaking havoc all around the world. The leader of the group once being Osama bin Laden. Three planes were bound for New York City while another plane headed towards Washington, D.C. which was supposed to take out the U.S. Capitol. Two of the airplanes crashed into the World Trade Center. One plane hitting the North Tower and the other hitting the South Tower. The third plane had crashed into the Pentagon taking out the western side of the building. The last and final plane was focused solely on taking out the U.S. Capitol in Washington D.C. but failed due to passengers of the plane coming hijacking it from the hijackers. The passengers attempted to take out the hijackers but sadly failed, crashing it into a field in Pennsylvania. Throughout the content of this paper, we will be focusing on the role of media when it comes to 9/11; more specifically: how the media's coverage of 9/11 manipulated our feelings towards 9/11, how it affected Islamophobia in America, and the lasting effects of 9/11.
Although the flight was scheduled to depart from JFK Airport at about 7:00 p.m., it was delayed due to a disabled piece of ground equipment and concerns about a suspected passenger mismatch with baggage. The airplane took off at 8:18 p.m., shortly at 8:25 p.m., Boston air route traffic control center (ARTCC) instructed the pilots to climb and maintain an altitude of 19,000 feet and then lower down to 15,000 feet. However, at 8:26 p.m., Boston ARTCC amended TWA flight 800's altitude clearance, advising the pilots to maintain an altitude of 13,000 feet. At 8:29 p.m., the captain stated, "Look at that crazy fuel flow indicator there on number four... see that?" One minute later Boston ARTCC advised them to climb and maintain 15,000 feet to which the pilot replied: “Climb thrust”. After an extremely loud and quick sound, the cockpit voice recorder stopped recording at 8:31 p.m. At that moment, the crew of an Eastwind Airlines Boeing 737 flying nearby reported an explosion in the sky. TWA Flight 800 aircraft had broken up and crashed into the sea, 8 miles south of East Moriches, killing all on board. (1,2)
September 11, a turning point in the United States history. This event caused various negative impacts on the aviation industry. It changed the way airports and airlines organized themselves completely. The effect was so strong that it caused bankruptcies, people to lose their jobs, changes in how flights were made and flew, and security checking’s. This day also created fear and psychological issues on individuals concerning anything to do with flying on an airplane. In other words, this day was a catastrophe in the aviation industry in the US.
On September 11th of 2001 Islamist terrorists hijacked four planes and drove two of the planes into the World Trade Center buildings, also known as the ‘Twin Towers’. Many lives on this day were lost; 9/11 goes down as one of the most tragic days in American history, but also a day that created many safety changes. As the World Trade Center was being terrorized by two planes, Flight 11 and Flight 175; a third plane was flown into the ‘Pentagon’, Flight 77 as another plane, Flight 93, followed crashing into the field of the Pentagon. America decided to take action for society’s safety and create many organizations and laws that would be endeavoring to protect all.
A Crime Scene Investigator must first approach the crime scene as if it is their only opportunity to protect and retrieve physical evidence. There are special technics and tools that crime scene investigators use to retrieve, preserve, and label all types of evidence (for lists of Crime Scene Equipment see Appendix A). The general protocol for crime scene investigation, processing, and analysis involves five basic steps: interview, examine, photograph, sketch and process (Berg, 2008). When looking at the crime scene it needs to be looked at with fresh eyes and without a prejudiced opinion of what happened, how it happened, or who might have done it. A conclusion may be based solely on the evidence and so an investigators integrity and judgment, gathering the evidence, maybe what stands between a conviction and a dis...
Leveson, Nancy G., Turner Clark S. “An Investigation of the Therac-25 Accidents.” Online Ethics Center for Engineering and Science. National Academy of Engineering. 16 Feb. 2006. 15 April 2014. http://www.onlineethics.org/Resources/Cases/therac25.aspx
This report is on the Crossair flight 3597 crash which happens at Zurich airport on 24th November 2001. Analysis of Crossair flight 3597 will be covered, which includes details such as facts of Crossair flight 3597 crash, and the three contributing factors involved in the air accident. The three contributing factors are mainly Crossair, pilot error and communications with air traffic controllers.
The specific issue are the important of how this was handle on the internet, it state that they know about the storm. However, not the severity of this storm that was approaching the fair around. there was text-message that were sent out to warn them. Here, here was no respond from any of the member over the state fair ground. This information reach him about 8:45 and they still could not cancel the concert. Now, about 8:50 the band started to warm up so the concert could start. Furthermore, by this time the Captain Weaver the state police finally persuade Hoye to cancel the concert, be for they could announce that the concert cancel it was to late. The stage collapse at 8:46, Weaver even talk with Hoye about a evacuation plan before this incident occur. Nevertheless, Hoye
In 1692, one of the most inhumane tragedies occurred in the small village of Salem, Massachusetts. Now infamously recognized as the “Salem Witch Trials,” the trials were based on faulty accusations that charged others of being witches. These accusations resulted in a considerable amount of people being imprisoned and hanged, and it ended with 20 people being killed. 309 years later, four planes were hijacked by terrorists and were set to crash in four important government centers and buildings. Consequently, these attacks resulted in 2,966 deaths and it was the most severe attack ever on American soil. The terrorists were revealed to be Muslims, and that they supposedly did it in the name of “Allah”, which is the Arabic translation for God.
Only one of the prints taken, had a match to a known person- a police officer. In relation to the outsole shoe impression found in the mud, there was never anything officially done with it or a cast made of it which could have played a vital role in finding the perpetrator. There was also severe lack in the forensic archaeological/anthropological standpoint. When looking for the victim and the actual discovery of the body, there were many key steps that were missed. For instance, what search methods were used in locating possible remains? The deceased’s body was located just two miles from the Lindbergh estate, so how is it possible that a search team never came across it? Once the body was found, the skull had a hole in it and some of the body parts were missing (1). While the body was extracted, there was never investigation into the soil from which the body was found, or where the missing remains may have been. The body was later identified as being that of Charles Lindbergh III based on the size and style of the accompanying garments (3). The fact that this was the only confirmation of identification astounds me. Given technology was not as advanced as it is today, I feel as if there should have been some other form of positive ID. In retrospect, a
Flight 93, the flight that crashed near some fields in the outskirts of Pennsylvania. But what was it doing there? What caused the plane to miss its target and crash? These answers may soon be revealed when detectives can finally examine the planes black box, found just recently. Many answers however can be found through other pieces of info that have come up along the way during the investigations.
An Eastern Air Lines Lockheed L-1011 crashed at 2342 eastern standard time, December 29, 1972, 18.7 miles west-northwest of Miami International Airport, Miami, Florida. The aircraft was destroyed. Of the 163 passengers and 13 crewmembers aboard, 94 passengers and 5 crewmembers received fatal injuries. Two survivors died later as a result of their injuries.