After the revolution actually happens there is a period called the honeymoon period where the fall of the old regime allows new things to happen. Before the revolution occurred, there were many instances where decolonization was apparent. In African territories, guerrillas movements were rising and that weakened the Portuguese empire. When the Carnation Revolution ended, the MFA created the National Salvation Junta whose prime purpose was to suppress wars and to help the colonies from withdrawing. After these occurrences, African territories such Angola and Mozambique experienced mass decolonization. The Portuguese colonies refugees were called retornados. India had also invaded Goa, which was one of Portugal's territories and that led to …show more content…
Management tried to calm down workers but that just made it worse. People started protested about their economic problems and expressed their demands. They made claims that their wages were too low and they demanded more higher wages. In Portugal 1974-75: The Forgotten Dream, Robinson states that at that time, “...there were some 7 or 8000 people there. Everything was completely confused. Somebody shouted should we ask for a rise of 3000 escudos. From across the hall the answer was no. 4000. Then no. 5000 escudos” (Robinson 2). These were the demands of the workers and it shows how radical they were. These types of protests happened in the newer companies in Lisbon, like electronic and shipyards. In fact there were some revolutionaries who believed in Marxism-Leninism and protested against anti working class …show more content…
Other revolutions like the French revolution defend the template with the all phases but the Portuguese revolution seems to only hold up for three of the phases: unstable equilibrium, the honeymoon period, and post revolutionary struggles. Radical terror and takeover and reconsolidated revolution seems to not have a place in the revolution. Goldstone’s template also needs revolutionary leadership to drive the revolution and to give people a vision of the future but this revolution did not have any. Goldstone states that revolutions needs visionary leaders and organizational leaders. He then lists people like Thomas Jefferson, Robespierre and Napoleon. These visionary leaders and organizational leaders are actually specific people. The Portuguese Revolution did not have any revolutionary leaders but one can think of the MFA as one even though it was a group. Goldstone states that visionary leaders are those “ who articulate the faults of society and make a powerful case for a social change” and they also “ create a portrait of the injustices of the old regime that is capable of motivating and uniting diverse groups to support the revolution.”(Goldstone 34). Organizational leaders “figure out how to realize the idea of visionary leaders, to make sure that the enemies can defeat its enemies and meet its political and economic goals” (Goldstone 34). The MFA embodies these characteristics as
The strike was generally non-violent. The majority of the strikers were reformist, ("revolutionary socialism", which believes that there must be a revolution to fundamentally change a society.) not radical. They wanted to amend the system, not destroy it and build a new one.
Gordon Wood gives an interesting insight into the Revolution. Overall, I find Wood’s argument to be persuasive and refreshing. There is little doubt that the forces that Wood proclaims as significant in his history of the Revolution are important. However, it is this same concentration on non-traditional forces that leads to my criticism of his book.
They believed that their approaches to making changes for the workers would work if they continued practicing the same method. Oftentimes their very own methods worked, and would result in the desired way. Sometimes however these methods would lead to quite a bit of anger from those that they opposed. The opposition would call on the courts to attempt to get the union leaders to stop whatever their union was doing. When the leaders did not do this, they were imprisoned. This was the main reason for Chavez's imprisonment. While this possibly partially led to Hoffa's imprisonment, his involvement with the mafia was most likely the main reason for his arrest.
... (Piven & Cloward, 18) Workers protest by striking against their employer, it is easier for employees to protest because they are all located and working together under one roof and are fighting for one thing, and that one thing is related to the workplace. While it is easier for employees to protest, it is not that easy for lower class employees to protest because they have little ability to protect themselves against their institutional managers. When the lower class workers have an informal organizational protest the government is eventually stepping in to disarm the protestors and make efforts to conciliate, “…mobs of unemployed were granted relief in the 1930s…” (Piven & Cloward, 29) The protests cause disruption and sometimes that disruption can make a change but when people are protesting blindly they are more prone to social injustice then making a change.
...usly shamed, embarrassed, and demeaned their employees. I think this kind of behavior is a way of separating employers from employees. It helps keep employees in line and also adds the benefit of making employers feel good about themselves at the expense of their employees. Demeaning actions prevent employees from organizing or protesting for higher wages or better conditions. It keeps them “in their place” and does not allow them to hope or strive for anything better. In spite of the dehumanization of employees by employers, there are silent rebellions committed by lower class employees such as jokes, gossip, doing other's work, and just in general helping each other out. These are silent protests, they do not change the status quo in any way, that would be too risky for these employees. It is survival and caring in a corporate world that does not care about them.
against their employers, employees were able to go on strike and prove a point. Some
The revolutionary convalescence stage for Haiti included the abolishment of slavery. The same goes for Gran Colombia. Bolívar joined the newly-freed colonies into Gran Colombia in an attempt to create a United States of Latin America, which included nations such as Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador.
In addition to these street demonstrations, there were massive waves of workers’ strikes in the mines and steel mills. At first, the government tried to threaten the protesters; the Committee of National Defense announced preparations for a national state of emergency. By the determination of the workers the Communist reali...
The Age of Revolutions was a period of time in which many global revolutions took place, especially within America and Europe. A revolution is an overthrow of government or social order in favour of political change. There were many revolutions that took place between 1760 and 1840, most notable being the American Revolution from 1775 to 1783, and the French Revolution beginning in 1789 and ending in 1799. These, along with the Napoleonic Empire, which carried on from the French Revolution and lasted until 1815; all greatly transformed the Atlantic world. This occurred through these global revolutions, which inspired another revolution within the slave island of Haiti. The focus of this essay will be on the aforementioned revolutions,
During the election of 1800, Thomas Jefferson succeeded in defeating the incumbent, John Adams, and assumed the presidency. In terms of elections though, the election of 1800 itself was a fascinating election in that it a heavily-contested election and was effectively the first time political parties ran smear campaigns against each other during an election. The Republican Party attacked the Federalists for being anti-liberty and monarchist and tried to persuade the public that the Federalists were abusing their power through acts such as the Alien & Sedition Acts and the suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion (Tindall and Shi 315). The Federalists, on the other hand, attacked Jefferson for his atheism and support of the French Revolution and warned that his election would result in chaos (316). By the end of the presidential election, neither Adams nor Jefferson emerged with his reputation completely intact. Still, rather than an election between Adams and Jefferson, the election of 1800 ultimately boiled down to a deadlock between Jefferson and his vice presidential candidate, Aaron Burr, who each held seventy-three electoral votes, resulting in the election was sent to the House of Representatives. In the end, the deadlock was resolved only by Alexander Hamilton, whose immense hate for Burr allowed Jefferson to claim the presidency. However, the election of 1800 was more than just a simple presidential election. The election of 1800 was the first peaceful transfer of power from the incumbent party to the opposition and represented a new step in politics, as well as a new direction in foreign policy that would emerge from Jefferson’s policies, and to this extent, the election of 1800 was a revolution.
America had a huge industrial revolution in the late 1800”s. Many changes happened to our great nation, which factored into this. The evidence clearly shows that advancements in new technology, a large wave of immigrants into our country and new views of our government, helped to promote America’s huge industrial growth from the period of 1860-1900.
Throughout history, countless uprisings have occurred. Historians classify any forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system as a revolution. The success or failure of a revolution is directly related to the revolution’s causes and courses. The French Revolution was more successful than the Nicaraguan Revolution, because the Nicaraguan Revolution left the country in social and financial ruin, foreign powers had much greater interference, and it precipitated a period of political unrest with multiple leadership changes.
My first reason supporting the motion that workers should be allowed to strike is in order to bring to the fore poor safety conditions. For instance, in the nuclear power industry, any breaches of safety can have tragic consequences. If the employees are exposed to nuclear material, this could lead to serious illnesses such as cancer, leukaemia and radiation sickness. Radioactive material could also affect residents of the surrounding area, as in the case of the Chernobyl disaster. In the light of poor safety conditions, workers striking can be justified by the fact that the government and public would be informed.
The process of decolonization in Africa during the 1950’s through the 1970’s was a very smart yet risky idea. For some places independence was easily gained yet in other areas it was a battle. During the time periods where colonization existed, Africa was peaceful and kept things in order. People had control over their specific locations and there were no questions to be asked. Once it was decided to remove these rights, things got out of hand rather quickly. Violence was a main occurrence during the decolonization timeframe because rules, rights, leaderships, etc. got altered and drastically changed. Sometimes nonviolence was used but it usually wasn’t as effective. A major example of using nonviolence actions to gain independence is when Gandhi protested in India. African leaders have tried very hard to lessen the influence of Western powers and the broader international community but they’ve never been completely successful because they continuously needed support in state building, economic development, and public health initiatives.
The Portuguese revolution is regularly glossed over in historical accounts of democracy and regime change. Why would the transition to democracy in a European nation be rendered almost insignificant? Firstly, the Portuguese experience was qualitatively different from many other regime changes precisely because the transition in Portugal acquired many of the characteristics of a revolution. In some senses, what occurred after was not only a process of establishing democracy, but the process of producing a revolution that was tame. The Portuguese upheaval did not turn the world upside down or shake things up, though for several months in 1975 Portugal recaptured the euphoria that often comes with revolutions albeit with little bloodshed. It was precisely because of the relative absence of bloodletting that the Portuguese revolution has tended to be subject to relative amnesia in the history books.