Abstract This paper is focusing on the accent and pronunciation which are very important in making an effective speech through a continuous practice. English is extensively spoken in the fields of education, research, administration, industry and business. It is also used in interviews, group discussions, panel discussions, debates and social interactions among the educated elite. The ability to speak English fluently and effectively ensures success in life and career. To be able to speak well, one must master the art of pronunciation and presentation. For this constant practice and guidance are necessary. Accent and pronunciation are corollary to the voice of the speaker. A man’s personality and character may be indicated by his voice which …show more content…
English words have one or more syllables. A syllable is a complete sound unit. In words containing more than one syllable, one or sometimes two syllables sound prominent, that is, they receive the stress or accent. The more prominent of the two syllables receives the primary accent and the other receives the secondary accent. While the primary accent mark comes above the syllable (ˈHANDSOME), the secondary accent mark comes below the syllable (ˌEVALUATION). The accent pattern of English words does not rigidly conform to any set of rules and one should learn to speak with the right accent by being exposed to the right models of speech. However, a few conventions for accent patterns are given
This chapter focused mainly on misconceptions and attempting to clarify those misconceptions about accents. In the opinion of linguists, accent is a difficult word to define. This is due to the fact that language has variation therefore when it comes to a person having an accent or not, there is no true technical distinction because every person has different phonological aspects to their way of speaking. However, when forced to define this word, it is described as “a way of speaking” (Lippi-Green, 2012, p.44). Although Lippi- Green identified the difficulty linguists have in distinguishing between accent, dialect, and another language entirely, they were able to construct a loose way of distinguishing. Lippi- Green states that an accent can be determined by difference in phonological features alone, dialect can be determined by difference in syntax, lexicon, and semantics alone, and when all of these aspects are different from the original language it is considered another language entirely (Lippi-Green, 2012).
Gorman, B.K. & Kester, E.S. (2001). Spanish-influenced English: Typical phonological patterns in the English language learner. In Seminar offered by Bilingiustics at ASHA.
The article “The Nature of Stress in English Language A Study from a Perspective of Rule-Governed Approach, by Sardar Fayyaz ul Hassan, claims that, “Good speech in English involves control of the system of sounds, stress and intonation pertaining to the language” (2). Secondly, Hassan believes in correct accent since it is, “a linguistic feature that creates rhythm in English language” (2). The author’s thoughts say that to speak “good” English, you must follow all the rules. Hassan discusses that, “a native speaker knows intuitively which word or syllable is to be stressed” (6). People who believe in rules like Hassan, will also think those who are not native of English, will not know all the rules. Therefore they will not speak his definition of “good” English. Zanuttini would condemn that Hassan and his followers want, “to live in a homogeneous white bread world”
The title of the chapter is Voice: Make Every Word Heard. The chapter defines a speech as a good conversation that is magnified. The author says that different audiences require different volumes. Everybody must be able to understand every single word you say. Going off of that, you not only must be heard, but you must be able to be heard. Not only does the lack of ability to pronounce a word make you look uneducated, but it doesn’t allow the audience to understand you. The final topic in the chapter is vocal patterns. It is important to maintain the same tone throughout the entire speech, unless you are raising or lowering it to make a point. Often times people find themselves talking softer at the end of a sentence rather than keeping the same tone the entire
In the partial alphabetic phase individuals pay attention to different letters in a word in order to attempt its pronunciation, usually the first and final letters of a word are focused on, Ehri referred to this as ‘phonetic cue reading’. This is a skill which along with others which shows phonological awareness.
This does not negate the importance of the laborious work required from phonologists. Various attempts were made to investigate into the nature of syllabic consonants. The buzzling behavior of syllabic consonants is manifested in different ways. For instance, Syllabic consonants without an inserted schwa can be evident in some cases as in bottle and button, but it is not in national [/næʃn̩l̩/, /ˈnaʃənəl/]. What Roach (2005) has proposed as optional and obligatory syllabic consonant can solve the discrepancies between pronunciation and theory, but this distinction does not address the phonemic identity of syllabic consonants; it merely categorizes. Similarly, the linear approach of Wells (1995) can help in understanding the nature of syllabic consonants, but it falls short in offering a unified explanation. In most cases, sonority approach can resolve the issue of the formation of syllabic consonants. Finally, it can be said that to understand syllabic consonants a thorough study of the structure of the syllable is a prerequisite. Different approaches to the syllable result in different approaches to syllabic
In “3 ways to speak English,” Jamila Lyiscott captures the audience attention in her firm yet ardent spoken word-essay. She utilizes tone, word choice and other various aspects to convey her message of what it means to be “articulate.” From the beginning of the speech, her voice is loud and assertive which immediately catches the audience attention. Also,
Style has been an integral component in the field of linguistics. Linguistic style refers to a person’s speaking pattern, which can include different features such as pace, pitch, intonation, syntactic patterns, etc. Styles of speech is learned, and is often influenced by location, gender, ethnicity, and age. As different cultures and sub-cultures arise, linguistic variations occur and different sociolinguistic styles come into being. Each style can index social meanings such as group membership, personal attributes or beliefs.
Garrett (1975) represented four characteristics of slips of the tongue. The first one is that the exchange exists between linguistic units of the same positions. For example, initial linguistic segments are replaced by another initial linguistic segment. The same generalization is applied to the middle and final linguistic segments. Additionally, slips appear in similar phonetic units. This means that that the consonants are replaced by consonants and vowels are replaced by vowels. Furthermore, the slips occur in similar stress patterns, which signifies that stressed syllables are replaced by stressed syllables and unstressed syllables are replaced by unstressed syllables. Finally, slips of the tongue follow the phonological rules of a language (cited in Carroll, 2007, p. 195).
These three groups were then asked to complete three different tasks. The first was to repeat and segment 20 different words (5 consonant-vowel-consonant, 5 CCVC, 5 CVCC, and 5 CCVCC) and two overall scores were administered to the participants. Both scores were out of a maximum of 20 points; the first score was based on giving 1 point for each correctly analyzed word, and the second score was based on giving 1 point for correctly analyzing medial vowels.
Some aspects of the Chinese phonological system cause difficulties for English speaker learners. One of the common difficulties is stress and intonation patterns, which are different between Chinese and English. Chinese is a tonal language. It doesn’t only mean that tones make up the Chinese words, but also means that the meaning of the Chinese word determined by the different tones. For American students, they also use stress and intonation patterns similar to tones, even though they did not realize, to express different feeling by variation.
New languages are always overwhelming.English is difficult language to learn, especially if it isn’t practiced often. The english language includes rules that can be frustrating to get a grip of. Many International students face the fear of not being understood or not pronouncing something correct...
But they cannot follow the correct pattern of sentence stress. But it’s not only the case there are some consonants and vowel sounds which are not pronounced properly by the native speakers of Saraiki studying in Mianwali. There are many other effects of native Saraiki on English pronunciation which need to be researched. Moreover there are certain sounds {consonants, vowels and diphthongs} which are not correctly pronounced by native Saraiki
In this course we study both phonetics and phonology. Phonetics to improve the way we should spell the sounds, and in order to spell the correct sounds we should learn how to listen accurately. It’s also known as the study of language which contains 44 sounds and 26 letters. Phonology is to study the rules for combining phonemes and what happened due to this combination. Phonetics contains consonant, vowels & diphthongs. It’s also used in language and linguistics rules that specify how the phonemes are organized into syllables, words, and sentences to
Speaking is a natural ability given to most reluctant individuals. Since the beginning of time, it has been assumed that we have a right to speak and use words, thus we naturally begin our development of language during the early stages of live. After years of grasping and perfecting our vocabulary and language, it seems unnecessary to study the purpose of our development. Why, then, should we study “oral communication?” There are many purposes, benefits, and institutions that branch from oral communication. Of course, communication is the basis of interaction with other individuals through the use of expressions and words; however, through studying oral communication, one can take the words and expressions being used and apply them to his or her own life. After all, the most effective and useful knowledge is applied knowledge.