EDGE is currently the most widely used standard for data communications in mobile phones. Its proliferation, supported by its backward compatibility with GSM, has led to a need for low-cost EDGE mobile solutions. The implementation of RF circuits on the nanoscale digital CMOS process with no or minimal process enhancements is one of the key obstacles limiting the complete single-chip integration of cellular radio functionality with digital baseband for mass production. The key challenges for the RF integration in nanoscale CMOS include non-linearity of devices and circuits, device mismatches, process parameter spread, and the increasing potential for self-interference that could be induced by one function in the SoC onto another.
The presented transmitter is part of a fully-compliant EDGE SoC and successfully overcomes these challenges at low cost. It is the first to successfully demonstrate a truly fully-digital implementation for the amplitude modulation (AM) path that meets the strict far-out spectral mask limits without requiring an external SAW filter. The all-digital AM path complements the previously reported all-digital phase-modulation (PM) path in a GSM transmitter [1, 2]. The small-signal digital power amplifier (DPA), which realizes the digital modulation of the carrier’s envelope in the polar transmitter, incorporates a sigma-delta dithering module to enhance its digital-to-analog conversion resolution well beyond the 1024-level offered by its segmented thermometer transistor array. Sophisticated signal processing and filtering are applied to ensure that the noise is shaped such that it meets the strict requirements of the reception (RX) band. Inevitable impairments in the amplitude modulation circuitry, resulting ...
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...igher level of integration compared to previous work [4].
Figure 7 shows the chip micrograph of the SoC implemented in 65nm digital CMOS. The TX area occupies about 0.5mm2.
Works Cited
[1] R. B. Staszewski et al., “All-digital PLL and GSM/EDGE transmitter in 90nm CMOS,” Proc. of IEEE Solid-State Circuits Conf., pp. 316–317, 600, Feb. 2005.
[2] R. B. Staszewski et al., “A 24mm2 Quad-Band Single-Chip GSM Radio with
Transmitter Calibration in 90nm Digital CMOS,” Proc. of IEEE Solid-State Circuits Conf., pp. 208–209, 607, Feb. 2008.
[3] P Cruise et al., “A Digital-to-RF-Amplitude Converter for GSM/GPRS/EDGE in 90-nm Digital CMOS,” IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symp., pp. 21–24, June. 2005.
[4] H. Darabi et al., “A Fully Integrated Quad-Band GPRS/EDGE Radio in 0.13μm CMOS,” Proc. of IEEE Solid-State Circuits Conf., pp. 206–207, 607, Feb. 2008.
14. George A. Chidi Jr., Qualcomm turns Cell Phones into GPS Systems. 16 Jan 2002. < http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,80085,00.asp>
...hborhood, additive CA are ideally suited for V LSI implementation. Different applications ranging from V LSI test domains to the design of a hardwired version of different CA based schemes have been proposed.
Main memory size is 256 bytes. Each byte has a unique 8-bit address consisting of an integer in the range 00 (hexadecimal) to FF (hexadecimal).
every size of chip. By doing this I will find out if the rate of
“G.726: 40, 32, 24, 16 kbit/s Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM)”, International Telecommunication Union, 1991.
o Mass of the chip - I think that the larger the mass of the chip then
RECONFIGURABLE RADIOS NASA reconfigurable radio communication to solve the problem of small data transfers over small distances. In 2014, the Malaysia Air Flight 370 containing 239 passengers on board, went missing somewhere in depths of the Indian Ocean, and out of radar range. The search for the plane lasted almost three years, but after discovering they had been searching in the wrong places, and the search had cost over 160 million Australian dollars, it got called off on January 17th. (& Devlin, 2017)
[3] S. Srisathit, M. Chongcheawchamnan, and A. Worapishet,“Design and realization of a dual-band 3-dB power divider based on a two-section transmission-line topology,” Electron. Lett., Vol. 39, pp. 723–724, May2003.
After nearly a decade of buildup and anticipation satellite radio has finally hit the airwaves. Satellite radio has been an emerging technology in the making for many years now. In 1992, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) assigned part of the S-band (2.3 GHz) spectrum for nationwide broadcasting of a satellite-based Digital Audio Radio Service (DARS). In 1997, the FCC granted American Mobile Radio (now XM Satellite Radio) and CD Radio (now Sirius Satellite Radio) broadcast rights over...
There are 4 unknowns: the coordinate of receiver position X and clock bias b. The Iterative Least Square (ILS) can be used to calculate these unknowns. The following is a brief illustration of process of Iterative Least Square in flowchart as shown in Figure 11. In the appendix, the Iterative Least Square method on Matlab functions is presented.
Cell phone manufacturers and service providers are at the core of the cell phone industry. These corporations are integral from their research and development endeavors to interactions with the consumer and the marketing of new products. The companies that control such factors of cellular phones are very numerous, so it is difficult to address all the cell phone manufacturers and service providers. However, we have focused largely on only the most significant cellular companies namely in the U.S. marketplace, although many have global ties. Collectively, companies around the world have the same goals in mind – to create desirable cutting-edge technology and to increase consumer satisfaction with hopes of generating sales, and thus profits.
Basic Mathematics for Electronics seventh edition: Nelson M. Cooke, Herbert F.R Adams, Peter B. Dell, T. Adair Moore; Copyright 1960
In the 1980s, first generation (1G) cell phones consisted of voice-only analog devices with limited range and features that were sold mainly in North America. In the 1990s, second generation (2G) devices consisted of voice/data digital cell phones with higher data transfer rates, expanded range, and more features. Sales of these devices expanded to Europe and Asia. In the twenty-first century, Nokia and other companies are combining several digital technologies into third generation (3G) communication devices that reach globally and feature the convergence of the cell phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), Internet services, and multimedia applications.
Miller, A.B. (2001), Bluetooth Revealed: The Insiders Guide to an Open Specification for Global Wireless Communications, 2nd Edition, USA, Prentice Hall [Accessed 6th April, 2008]
3. Brain, Marshall, and Tom Harris. "How GPS Receivers Work." 25 September 2006. HowStuffWorks.com. 01 June 2010.