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Female employment discrimination
Female employment discrimination
Female employment discrimination
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When looking at the different types of work, scholars have observed that the male body is seen as the norm (physical body not acknowledged), while the female’s body is always looked at for its emotions and sexual aesthetics. Emotional labor is defined as a form of work that requires one to manage their feelings and bodies in order to sustain a specific display of bodily acts in the minds of others. As a result of the female body’s unconscious processes, the labor force has become associated with not only gender, but with race and class. Through intersectionality, emotional labor is ruled by feelings and gendered social archetypes that reinforce power, credibility, and authority. Throughout the world, the female body is sold for a wage, and …show more content…
On the other hand professional women gain more freedom and flexibility associated with their high-paying jobs. For working parents, the “time bind” shows no sign of slowing down. Middle class people are more than willing to pay someone to clean their house or baby sit, if that means longer hours spent at work (outside the home). Unfortunately, the choice of one’s profession does affect the way they balance their work and family time. For professionals, it is frowned upon when new parents request parental leave (especially men). In the workplace, parental leave is viewed almost like a vacation period vs. a recovery period. In a marriage, it is the woman who is most likely pressured into taking time off work to stay at home with the children more. When pressures arises among parents to balance work and family, their home life if shifted into different “shifts”. If they do work, it may involve working a night-shift were mothers link their time being a mother with the hours they spend at work, while still remaining the primary caretakers of the home. The gender gap in housework is very present, the amount of hours women devote to housework is dependent on the time dedicated to paid employment or their relatives/husbands income. The options for professional women are limited to their child’s ages, the company’s culture, their work hours’ flexibility and the cost of using that flexibility. For some, staying at home remains their main occupation, despite the economic benefits of being a working
...hen these women have outside jobs they are still mainly responsible for childcare and care of the home, the male of the household has not taken on more tasks. This does not level the playing field between genders and causes more stress for the female in the family. In fact, while the male is not providing anymore assistance around the home, some of the childcare is being outsourced.
Working women with families are often lead to inhabit several different lives all at once. In article “The Second Shift,” Arlie Hochschild discusses how women who have families and work are often subjected to having to stay a full time housewife along with their job, creating basically two sets of work, as the author calls it, the Second Shift. I think that the authors’s style of using many studies and examples helps to strengthen his points. Although he doesn’t directly express his opinion of the issue as much which weakens it to an extent but also helps to have the reader form their own opinion using the issues discussed. His use of vocabulary helps to express his opinion onto the issues discussed as it shows to be more sophisticated whenever he writes on supporting his own side of the issue. Hochschild doesn’t wait to get to the point when discussing the topics. He uses many studies and facts to help argue his points and is used efficiently, but also in a way it’s also ineffective as the lack of studies and facts that have used that would even try to support the other side of the discussion. I agree to the author's argument of how even families should continue evolving along side with the economy, to help couples to support one another as equals, rather then opposites with specific assignments.
The family faces many challenges and must overcome many obstacles. For each problem that arises there is some type of solution. However, the solution to a problem might not come easily. What might be beneficial for one family could be a problem for a company or another family. In modern America men and women are both encouraged to be in the work place and to prioritize their careers. Jobs have become more demanding and time consuming. This stress poses a threat to families, especially new parents. Offering parental leave has numerous benefits for individuals and families, but creates challenges for businesses. This paper will discuss the benefits of parental leave for families, the challenges businesses face because of parental leave, and my
The IWF has found that when women take leave for their family, men are able to gain experience and therefore more earnings (Cooper). According to Lydia Frank from the Harvard Business Review, “...the largest pay gaps existed between married mothers and fathers who tell us they prioritize family at least 1-4 times per year. No pay gap existed between single men and women without children who said they never prioritize home/family over work.” The causes of the gender pay gap can be easily fixed if the government takes
Stone (2007) conducted “extensive, in depth interviews with 54 women in a variety of professions-law, medicine, business, publishing, management consulting, nonprofit administration, and the like- living in major metropolitan areas across the country, half of them in their 30’s, half in their 40’s” (p. 15). Keep in mind these women Stone (2007) focuses on are “highly educated, affluent, mostly white, married women with children who had previously worked as professionals or managers whose husbands could support their being at home” (p. 14). Her findings revealed women are strongly influenced by two factors: workplace push and motherhood pull. “Many workplaces claimed to be “family friendly” and offered a variety of supports. But for women who could take advantage of them, flexible work schedules (which usually meant working part time) carried significant penalties” (Stone, 2007, p. 16). This quote represents the workplace push, where women are feeling encouraged to continue their rigorous careers with little to no family flexibility being offered from workplaces. The motherhood pull is a term used to describe the way mothers feel when they face the pressure of staying home to raise their children while still expected to maintain a steady job. “Motherhood influenced women 's decision to quit as they came to see the rhythms and
Recently women’s rights and women’s equality in the workplace has come back to the fore as a topic for discussion in government agencies and the United Nations. Whilst this is a very important topic, when it comes to time off from work when a new child is born, women in the US have some provision, whereas men have none.
The concept of gender in relation to the division of labor in the workplace, and in relation to issues of power and control is an unfortunate, groundless stereotype. Suzanne Tallichet notes that the gendered division of workplace labor is rooted in flawed ideology of innate sex differences in traits and abilities, and operates through various control mechanisms. (Tallichet 1995: 698) These control mechanisms are primarily exercised by men over women and serve to exaggerate differences between the sexes, especially surrounding women’s presumed incapability for doing male identified work.
As Pendleton argues, “‘Using femininity as an economic tool is a means of exposing its constructedness and reconfiguring its meanings. Therefore, by exposing the instability of heterosexual roles, by showing they are performative, sex workers effectively ‘fuck with heteronormativity’ ”. By taking professional ownership of gendered stereotypes, one participates in the subversion of the same social constructions that enforced them. Stripping makes a mockery of the gendered caricatures we are assumed to
Sex work has long been criticized and stigmatized in our society. Whereas several members of society read sex work as immoral and degrading to girls, feminist argue that sex work is basically simply work, which it's not essentially harmful to girls. beneath circumstances within which sex work is accepted and controlled in society, within which the sex employee is protected and granted an equivalent rights as the other laborer, sex work has the chance to be helpful to girls.
Men have dominated the workforce for most of civilization up until their patriotic duties called away to war. All of a sudden, the women were responsible for providing for their family while the men were away. Women went to work all over America to earn an income to insure their family’s survival. Women took all sorts of jobs including assembly line positions, office jobs, and even playing professional baseball. When the men returned home from war, the women were expected to resume their place as housewives. The women who had gotten a taste of the professional life decided that they wanted to continue working. Thus, the introduction to women in a man’s working environment began. Women were not taken seriously at first, because they were stepping into a “man’s world”.
In a society with the muajority of mothers joining or returning to the workforce, there is a growing body of research documenting the demands placed on these women and what can be done to help their transition into this new role. According to the United States’ Department of Labor, in the year 2012, 70.5% of mothers with children under the age of 18 were a part of the workforce; of these women 73.7% were employed full-time, working over 35 hours a week, and 26.3% were employed part-time, working less than 35 hours a week (United States Department of Labor, 2012). Given this information, it is becoming more important to further research how this new role as an employee affects the role of parenting and what can be done to help this transition. The intent of this paper is to compare the experiences of a working mother to the current research on the topic of working mothers. Moreover, this paper addresses the demands placed on working mothers as well as the factors that ameliorate their transition into this new role.
It is time we stop treating child care as a side issue or a women’s issue, and treat it like the priority that it is. Paternity leave is good for women's careers. “When childcare responsibilities fall exclusively on the mother, the effect is to reduce women’s wages. Time out of the labor force deprives women of experience and promotions. When men shoulder more of the childcare burden, the effect is lessened (“The Benefits of Paternity Leave”).” Paid family leave has become an important way to signal to employees that the company is invested in them. People feel their company is committed to them in the long term. Overall, paid family leave helps keep people in the workforce after they have children. “When more workers are able to take leave, they are more likely to choose to remain in the labor market. Paid parental leave is associated with higher employment in economies around the world (Covert)”.
Furthermore, women are still expected to give up their job pursuits for children. Men, when they get married tent to earn more power. However, women lose their power or even have to give up everything that they had been working toward their whole life to bear the child who will keep the lineage for her husband’s family. “It is not false that today, almost half of infants’ mothers are employed” and the percentage of working moms has risen much over recent years. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that it is unfair for women to have to be pressured by both work and children.
In today’s society the public tends to socialize gender to an extent. As soon as people are informed the sex of a baby, they automatically go out and buy blue clothes for boys and pink clothes for girls. We think of baby dolls for girls, and trucks for boys. What if it went further than that? During the Victorian era, being born a girl meant much more than little dolls and pink, it meant a lifetime of servitude. Being born into a family where one was raised under harsh conditions, then getting married off to be husband’s housewife, not just a wife. During the Victorian era, if one was born a woman she was automatically subject to a lifetime of servitude, and it took strong feminist views to deviate from the social norms. Most women tolerated the social norms and their “duties” of subordination, while others deviated and had their own ideas of what a society should represent.
Regardless of where they are in their careers, working mothers have a tough time achieving balance between work and family. Generally, women take on or are given more responsibility for their homes than are men, leading to frustration and exhaustion. In this paper we will address some of the issues involved in balancing career and family. This paper will provide some solutions for the most common problems arising from todays busy schedules, and provide some insight on how to make the most of your time.