The phenomenon of dystopian worlds is explored by both Margaret Atwood in her 1985 novel The Handmaid’s Tale and Kazuo Ishiguro is his 2006 novel Never Let Me Go. Information, individuality and freedom are restricted in both novels, resulting in the dehumanisation of citizens in their dystopian societies. In Atwood’s novel, dystopia takes form of totalitarian control; government has absolute control over all aspects of life, exemplified by forcing surrogate motherhood upon women with viable ovaries. Ishiguro explores a dystopian society that seems to be in the realms of normality, but actually is a world where selected second-class citizens are forced to donate their organs. Both authors cleverly portray dystopian worlds which are corrupt, …show more content…
Atwood associates her oppressed protagonists, the Handmaids, specifically to the colour red, to symbolism how Gilead systematically oppresses its citizens. Offred is illustrative, “...everything except the wings around my face is red; the colour of blood, which defines us.” (p.8). Confining the Handmaids to the colour red is brutally symbolic given their status as “…two-legged wombs” (p.136); readers sympathise with the Handmaids as they are objectified for the sole purpose of reproduction. Moreover, the pervasive use of red enables the Republic of Gilead to de-individualise and oppress the Handmaids, forcing them to wear the same colour, perform the same duties and act in similar ways. Red is further seen in the description of the “...tulips [which] open their cups, spilling the red colour” (p.21), symbolising the Handmaids' fertility. Serena Joy, the wife of Offred’s Commander, is seen “…snipping off [their] seed pods …aiming and positioning the blades….cutting with a convulsive jerk” (p.160). This is symbolic of destroying the plants' fertility, an indirect attack on Offred, her husband’s Handmaid. Throughout the novel Atwood uses the colour red to depict how the Handmaids are subjugated and oppressed by those of higher status; on the other hand, Ishiguro does not reveal who exactly oppresses the clones; there is no name to his dystopian society and thus only referred through a motif as “they”. Ishiguro creates an oppressive society in which clones are sheltered and monitored since birth, not knowing who has pre-determined the “fate they thoroughly deserved.” (pg.193). Every dystopian world needs a root of social breakdown stemming from a person or a group of people yet Ishiguro refers to this as a vague, ambiguous “they”. Kathy mentions “they keep us around” (pg.222) and how “they don’t
Here, Offred compares the blood stains to the red of the tulips in Serena's garden. This shows how Gilead is focused on fertility, while also ending the lives of individuals. Atwood uses flowers as a symbol that represents the women seen in Gilead
The women are divided into functions and are identified by the colour of their dress. In chapter 5, Offred is walking down the streets of Gilead, reminiscing about the days she used to walk down the street wearing what she wanted to wear before she got taken away, and also thought about simple things such as how she was able to freely walk to the laundromat to wash her own clothes with her own soap. She informs the reader of her analysis of the different types of women in the Republic of Gilead: “There are other women with baskets, some in red, some in the dull green of the Martha's, some in the striped dresses, red and blue and green and cheap and skimp, that mark the women of the poorer men. Econowives, they're called. These women are not divided into functions. They have to do everything; if they can.” (Atwood, 5.5) The Handmaid’s— the bearer of children— wear red, the Martha’s, who are the housekeepers wear green, and the wives wear blue. Econ Wives are the only women who aren’t defined by the colour of their dress because they must do every function. Atwood is showing that the individuality and identities of these women have been completely taken away and are labelled by the clothing they are forced to
The two texts Harrison Bergeron, written by Kurt Vonnegut Jr. and The Handmaid’s Tale by Reed Morano explore the idea of individuality loss due to complete government control through similar and varied techniques. Both texts enable the audience to obtain an understanding that a society where there is no ability to express one’s own self, is ultimately dangerous in both execution and outcome. Throughout the two texts the authors explore individuality suppression through government control by utilising varied techniques such as motifs, similes as well the ideas of handicaps which are a result of the need for constant surveillance. The dystopian texts of futuristic, imagined universes display the illusion of perfect societies that are being created,
Atwood uses nomenclature to place the women in The Handmaid’s Tale within the possession of the men around them. Offred, literally means Of-Fred, as in, The Handmaid Of Fred. By taking the women’s names away the society places them in the possession of their commanders. Which is exactly how the commanders see their handmaids, the commanders see the handmaids as a vessel for life that they must sleep with once a month during the ceremony. The women are forced to have sexual relations with their commanders and are sent away when they do not conceive a child. By placing the women of the society completely into the power of men, Atwood encourages the reader to see the injustice of this act and encourages the reader to identify with the cause of women. Each category of women must dress in the colour of their group so they can be identified by the outside world. Handmaids, like Offred must wear red, a colour associated both with shame and with ripeness and fertility. Similarly in The Color Purple, a period drama, based on a book with the same title by Alice Walker, women are categorised by the society they live in.
Often in life, people take their freedoms, a gift that allows them to express their individuality, for granted. However, in the dystopian societies of The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood and Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro, people are reminded of just how easily their freedoms and humanity can be stripped away. Attwood and Ishiguro urge people to never lose sight of the core values that define who they are. The compelling novels chronicle the life journey of two protagonists as they fight to define their own existence and worth in life. Offred, the central character in The Handmaid’s Tale is exploited as a baby making machine, while Kathy, the leading role in Never Let Me Go, is degraded as a lifeless android in a sea of clones. From Atwood and Ishiguro’s provocative coming-of-age novels emerge two beautiful and inspiring heroines. Whether it is through their remembrance of the past, their loss of innocence, their capability to hope, or their ability to establish relationships, Offred and Kathy prove that they are every bit as human as the rest of society. Ultimately, despite the many differences in their distinct masterpieces, Atwood and Ishiguro share the same intent in their haunting portrayal of the protagonists’ dehumanizabtion—to shed light on the true essence of what it is to be human.
Red is worn only by the handmaids; the color red indicates sexuality, fertility and childbirth, accordingly outlining their function as a sexual object; their sole purpose being to bear children for their Commanders. One of the most reoccurring symbols throughout the novel, red is interrelated with all things female (the Handmaids.) Inversely, red is furthermore a symbol of death, violence and blood, which Offred portrays as a color which “defines us.” The reoccurring appearance of the color red creates a thought-provoking parallel between femininity and power, as it signifies the religious “sinfulness” of promiscuous sex between the handmaid’s and their “married” commander.
Many texts that were published from different authors have introduced topics that can be related in today’s society, but Margaret Atwood’s creation called, “The Handmaid’s Tale”, gives voice to the thoughts and revolves around the narrator Offred, a woman whose rights have been deprived due to political issues. However, the information shared by Offred to the reader to the text is not reliable for the reason that she only touches upon her own perspective. Through the text, Atwood depicted what the United States of America would be in the future based on the actions of humanity during 1980’s. The text is set up in an androcentric and totalitarian country called Gilead, where the government attempts to create a utopian society. Thus, in order to attain this society, the authorities generated their legislation from the teachings of the Holy Bible in an attempt to control humanity. The governing
The ability to create life is an amazing thing but being forced to have children for strangers is not so amazing. Offred is a handmaid, handmaid's have children for government officials, such as Commander Waterford. Offred used to be married to Luke and together they had a daughter but then everything changed; Offred was separated from her family and assigned to a family as their handmaid. The society which Offred is forced to live in shaped her in many ways. In The Handmaid's Tale, Margaret Atwood uses cultural and geographical surroundings to shape Offred's psychological and moral traits as she tries to survive the society that she is forced to live, in hopes that she can rebel and make change.
Feminism as we know it began in the mid 1960's as the Women's Liberation Movement. Among its chief tenants is the idea of women's empowerment, the idea that women are capable of doing and should be allowed to do anything men can do. Feminists believe that neither sex is naturally superior. They stand behind the idea that women are inherently just as strong and intelligent as the so-called stronger sex. Many writers have taken up the cause of feminism in their work. One of the most well known writers to deal with feminist themes is Margaret Atwood. Her work is clearly influenced by the movement and many literary critics, as well as Atwood herself, have identified her as a feminist writer. However, one of Atwood's most successful books, The Handmaid's Tale, stands in stark contrast to the ideas of feminism. In fact, the female characters in the novel are portrayed in such a way that they directly conflict with the idea of women's empowerment.
Imagine if you can, living in a world that tells you what you are to wear, where to live, as well as your position and value to society. In Margaret Atwood's novel, The Handmaid's Tale, she shows us the Republic of Gilead does just that. Offred, the main character, is a Handmaid, whose usefulness is her ovaries. Handmaids are ordered to live in a house with a Commander, his wife, and once a month attempt to become pregnant by the Commander. Throughout Atwood's novel, you will notice she uses different colors for her characters clothing that correspond to their position and place in the Republic of Gilead. They become aware of people's statuses by the color of their garments. The colors of dress that have been used are red, blue, green, white, black, and khaki. Going into detail, I will show the social rank that each color represents in the novel, and my interpretation of them. The Handmaids are the only ones wearing red dresses, and several references are made towards the comparison of blood. "When Offred is in the room, which she refuses to call her own, she hears the bell to signal her time to go to the market. Getting up she puts on her red shoes and her red gloves, all the while thinking, everything except the wings around my face is red: the color of blood, which defines us. The dress she wears is also red, being ankle-length as well as long sleeve. The only item she wears that isn't red is the white wings around her face to keep her from seeing, as well as from being seen. Leaving the room, she walks down the hall, and heads for the stairs. She knows there is a mirror on the hall wall. If she turns her head so that the white wings framing her face direc...
The Marxist theory “is the belief that the struggle between social classes is a major force in history and that there should eventually be a society in which there are no classes” – Karl Marx In the book “The Handmaid’s Tale” by Margaret Atwood there are significant examples of the Marxist theory because of the way social classes are represented, how religion is manipulated in the society, and what values the text reinforces in the reader.
In dystopian fiction, forbidden relationships exist because it provides a sense of hope and liberation for the protagonist rebelling against the authoritarian figure in the dystopian society. The novel The Handmaid’s Tale conveys forbidden relationships through the protagonist, Offred, as she desires to maintain and form newer relationships with others particularly Moira her best friend, Nick, the Commander and Luke, her husband. Relationship such as friendship is considered forbidden because it gives Offred resilience to rebel against the regime. Equally the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell presents relationships such as Winston’s sexual connection with Julia, who is a party member, as forbidden because members of the party are
The Handmaid's Dystopia The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood is a dystopian tale about a world where unrealistic things take place. The events in the novel could never actually take place in our reality." This is what most people think and assume, but they"re wrong. Look at the world today and in the recent past, and there are not only many situations that have ALMOST become a Gilead, but places that have been and ARE Gileadean societies. We're not in Kansas anymore, Dorothy! Even today, there are places in the world where there is a startling similarity to this fictitious dystopia.
Postmodernism in art and literature includes many aspects that define a novel or piece of writing to be “postmodern”. A postmodern novel often leaves the reader ambiguous to some of the most obvious forms of literature, but this ambiguity serves a purpose to the postmodernism in the metafictional story that embeds the theme or the purpose of the novel. One of the greatest examples of postmodern fiction/literature would be The Handmaids Tale by Margret Atwood. Certain aspects of this novel allow this novel to be characterized as “postmodern”, this novel was also written in time when postmodernism was just on a moral zenith in people’s consciousness. The main narrative from of this novel
As The Handmaid’s Tale is considered an allegory of the social injustice women face against traditional expectations of their role in society, the symbolism of the Handmaids and other women as a whole for repressed feminine liberty and sexuality allows Atwood to connect her work to the theme between gender and expectations in her society. As Handmaids in the Republic of Gilead, females are stripped of their previous identity and are defined as a tool of reproduction for the men who is assigned them. At its core, these females are forced against their will to be mere tools, experiencing unwanted sex at least once a month, which Gilead names “The Ceremony”, hiding its true nature as a form of rape. Offred