To examine how far Lennox castle hospital was an example of what Goffman called a ‘Total Institution’ I will first need to explore Goffman’s definition of this, along with the four factors that he identified as characteristics of a ‘Total institution’ I will then go on to discuss how these four factors fit with Lennox castle hospital and determine whether or not it fell into Goffman’s model of a ‘Total Institution.’
In order to discuss how Goffman’s four factors fit with Lennox castle hospital I will first examine his definition. In 1961 Goffman stated that a ‘total institution’ “is a place of residence and work where a large number of like-situated individuals, cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period of time, together lead an enclosed, formally administrated round of life.” (Jones and Fowles, 2008, p.103) In laymen’s terms this means that a ‘Total institution’ is a place where a large number of people live and work, cut off from the outside world, where strict rules and procedures are in place that will determine all elements of their lives. However Goffman also noted that a ‘Total institution’ could never be completely cut off from society as it would need access to the outside world to not only import it’s staff, residents and supplies, but to also export it’s residents on completion of their stay and the products of work programmes such carpets, tailors, cobblers and tin smiths. Visitors must be allowed access such as policemen, workmen and inspectors in order for the institution to successfully operate. Common examples of these are- Prisons, convents and boarding schools
This obvious contradiction led to Goffman identifying four factors that are important in deciding whether or not a place is a ‘Total ...
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... The Open University.
The Open University (2008) K101 An Introduction to Health and Social Care,
DVD, Video 7.1, ‘Lennox castle hospital drive around film 1996’, Milton Keynes, The Open University
The Open University (2008) K101 An Introduction to Health and Social Care, DVD, Video 7.3, ‘Margret Scally Interviewed in 1996’, Milton Keynes, The Open University
The Open University (2008) K101 An Introduction to Health and Social Care, DVD, Resources, ‘Part 1 of the Lennox Hospital Timeline’ Milton Keynes, The Open University
The Open University (2008) K101 An Introduction to Health and Social Care, DVD, Video 7.5, ‘A lifetime’s work – The early days at Lennox castle’, Milton Keynes, The Open University
The Open University (2008) K101 An Introduction to Health and Social Care, DVD, Video 7.4, ‘James Lappin Interviewed in 1996’, Milton Keynes, The Open University
...and Offredy, M. (2006) Becoming a nurse in the 21st century. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. Page 27
“Hospitals today are growing into mighty edifices in brick, stone, glass and marble. Many of them maintain large staffs, they use the best equipment that science can devise, they utilize the most modern methods in devoting themselves to the noblest purpose of man, that of helping’s one’s stricken brother. But they do all this on a business basis, submitting invoices for services rendered.”
The hospital in this novel is a scaled down version of the outside world and is equally corrupt. A system with strict policies is created forcing patients to conform to its standards, stifling individuality. The narrator is a mute patient named Chief Bromden, who refers to the hospital as the ?Combine? because it?s mechanized to create uniformity among the patients. Chief believes the Combine?s purpose is to fix the ?impurities? by transforming them into identical and perfect packages. The ones who are unable to conform to the rigid norms must remain in the Combine, patients are only allowed to return to society when they are completely ?fixed up and new? (40). Nurse Ratched, the antagonist, is in charg...
The changes to health policy and the re-organisation of the NHS in recent years which has led to improve integrated governance, has all developed as a result of the catastrophic failings that occurred in Mid-Staffordshire healthcare Trust. The Secretary of State for health, Andrew Lansley, announced a full public inquiry to parliament on the 9th June 2009 into the role of the commissioning, supervisory and regulatory bodies in the monitoring of Mid-Staffordshire Foundation Trust (Midstaff inquiry online, 2013). This inquiry was led by Robert Francis QC, who proposed recommendations to ensure that similar events do not repeat in future. The Francis report made 290 recommendations which included improved support for compassionate, caring and committed care, as well as stronger healthcare leadership (Health Foundation Online, 2014).
The Open University (2010) K101 An introduction to health and social care, Unit 3, ‘Social Care In The Community’, Milton Keynes, The Open University.
The Open University (2010) K101 An introduction to health and social care, DVD, Unit 5, video 5.1 ‘Life story work: Jordan Morgan’s life story book’ Milton Keynes, The Open University
While McMurphy tries to bring about equality between the patients and head nurse, she holds onto her self-proclaimed right to exact power over her charges because of her money, education, and, ultimately, sanity. The patients represent the working-class by providing Ratched, the manufacturer, with the “products” from which she profits—their deranged minds. The patients can even be viewed as products themselves after shock therapy treatments and lobotomies leave them without personality. The negative effects of the hospital’s organizational structure are numerous. The men feel worthless, abused, and manipulated, much like the proletariat who endured horrendous working conditions and rarely saw the fruits of their labor during the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom and United States in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century (“Industrial Revolution” 630).
The result of the Francis Report means that the NHS is at a turning point in how all Health Care is delivered, as suggested by NHS employers “28 of Robert Francis' QC's recommendations are for changes to nursing regulation or delivery”.
United Kingdom Central Council, (1990): The report of the post-registration, education and practice project (PREPP). London: UKCC
Open University (2011) K(ZW) 315 Critical Practice in Social Work, CDA1, Panel Discussion on Critical Practice (Tracks 1-5), Milton Keynes, The Open University.
In this essay I will analyse the origins of Community Care and what benefits emerged when the NHS Community Care Act 1990 was established. Later on, I will explain and critically evaluate the effects of privatisation in social care and health.
Leadbetter, D. and Lownsbrough, H. (2005) Personalisation and Participation: The Future of Social Care in Scotland, London, Demos.
I believe the most significant moment in the history of British welfare was the birth of National Health Service. The purpose of this essay is to outline the history of the National Health Service and why it was introduced into the everyday lives of the British people. As the National Health Service is a major factor of the welfare given to the people of Britain, we must look at the early years of the Welfare laws and acts passed down through the centuries, which eventually lead to the creation of the NHS. In addition to explore how social policy had an impact on the NHS, the essay will tread the discussion in the context of some of the economic, political and social concepts that influences the development of social policy in the NHS. It also
Morris, C; Michie, V. (2011) Level 3 Health and Social Care Diploma: London, GBR: Hodder Education.
Social work has existed in many different variations since the beginning of society. Initially, in the preindustrial society, minus a few exceptions, those who couldn’t cope on their own were the sole responsibility of family members. Upon the development of the industrial revolution in the Nineteenth Century, formal social work services emerged to enable society to cope with the major changes in the social system, due to modernity, urbanization, and industrialization. These services grew significantly and were reformed repeatedly throughout the rest of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries until the United Kingdom became a Welfare State, in which the state took on the responsibility to “protect the health and well-being of its citizens” (Oxford Dictionary, n.d.). Moreover, social work exists to serve the vulnerable people in the community including, the elderly, the youth, the mentally ill, the homeless, and the poor, along with many others. Although all vulnerable peoples are of equal importance in social works