In the current age of technology the demand for innovations and renovations to existing 3D-technology, has drastically increased. 3D-printing is being used in a wide variety of fields, and this is due, in part, to an increase in the efficiency and capabilities of these printers. With this increased efficiency however, comes the questions of what polymer is the best one to use in 3D-printing. Here following, the focus is on 3D-printing polymers that can be used in the medical field. And how may these polymers be produced at a reasonable price? As these questions are brought to the forefront of the 3D-printing revolution, independent labs are researching and developing new-age polymers to cope with increasing research and technical demands. Basic Polymer Techonology: Polymer technology is founded in the premises of heat-resistance and moldability. All 3D printers are dependent upon a heat resistant, moldable plastic that may be shaped, or “printed”. However, because 3D printing is a newer technology, having become a major focus in only the last five to ten years, almost all of the plastics and polymers are in the alpha testing or “lab phase”, and even those that have progressed into the beta testing phase, have not yet achieved corporate and commercial approval on an expansive and profitable scale. Due to a large variety of polymers being tested, and many potential uses have been projected to manufacturers, it is no surprise that the idea of using 3D-printing manufacturing of prosthetic devices has been proposed. The leading corporation in 3D-printing, Stratasys, is currently testing two new polymers. They are responsible for the manufacturing of different types of polymers and printers used in industrial and industriali... ... middle of paper ... ...sterorganicchemistry.com/category/conformations/ Additional Sources: http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.usf.edu/eds/detail?sid=16105807-7ff0-436e-9759-1c36191816c9%40sessionmgr4003&vid=1&hid=4105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=buh&AN=91735763 http://www.stratasys.com/materials/fdm/compare-fdm-materials http://phys.org/news/2013-11-british-3d-prosthetic-eyes.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7130212 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15909206 Image Sources: FDM Thermoplastic: http://www.javelin-tech.com/3d-printer/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/idea-series-example4.jpg Polyjet Photopolymer: http://www.protocam.com/images/veroblue-polyjet-prototype.jpg Structures: FDM Thermoplastic: ChemBio office Polyjet Photopolymer: ACDS structure drawing software http://www.acdlabs.com/resources/freeware/chemsketch/thankyou.php?lastpage=/resources/freeware/download.php
The use of 3D printing in the medical sector is rapidly gaining momentum; for example, it provides a fast and cost-efficient means of fabricating medical implants with customized design. The acceptance of 3D printing is based on custom products that are made to order, such as dental and medical devices, and low-turnover replacements parts. These goods are typically ordered in unique configurations and in very small quantities. 3D printing is also finding growing applications in dentistry where it is being used to produce customized crowns, implants and bridges. In addition, there are a growing number of applications for 3D printing in surgery.
A group of polymer chains can be organised together in a fiber. How the polymer chains are put together is important, as it improves the properties of the material. The flexibility, strength and stiffness of Kevlar fiber, is dependent on the orientation of the polymer chains. Kevlar fiber is an arrangement of molecules, orientated parallel to each other. This orderly, untangled arrangement of molecules is described as a “Crystalline Structure”. A manufacturing process known as ‘Spinning’ is needed to achieve this Crystallinity structure. Spinning is a process that involves forcing the liquefied polymer solution through a ‘die’ (small holes).
Solid Freeform Fabrication(SFF) has been possibly the most large scale fabrication technique among the different types of design and fabrication methods (Bose, et al., 2012). The main feature of SFF has three dimensional parts which are printed layer-by-layer depending on computer aided design (ask plagiarism). The fabrication of SFF on polymer, ceramic, metal and composite scaffolds has been widely accepted in bone tissue engineering applications (Bose, et al.,
As technology and medicine evolves with rapid pace and patients demand to be treated with the best technology available, while society and health systems are concerned about cost-effectiveness and safety of every procedure in use, there is an urgent need to take advantage of every technology available and make research to broaden our knowledge on nanotechnology and focus on its applications on plastic and reconstructive
Denture teeth can be made of acrylic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or composite resins. PMMA is a polymer - a material made the from joining of methyl methacrylate monomers. Properties of PMMA include resistance to abrasion, chemical stability and a high boiling point. (Jun Shen et al. 2011). However, weak flexure and impact strength of PMMA are of concern as they account for denture failure. (Bolayir G, Boztug A and Soygun K. 2013). Composite denture teeth are made of a three distinct phases - filler, matrix and coupling agents. Out of the types of composite teeth available, nano-filled composite teeth are preferred. Composite teeth have a PMMA coating around the tooth and a high content of filler particles. This gives them strength, higher resistance to forces than acrylic teeth and provides compete polymerization due to the PMMA coating. (Anusavice, K. J., Phillips, R. W., Shen, C., & Rawls, H. R, 2012). If the interface between the PMMA denture base and PMMA or composite teeth was weak, the denture will not be able to sustain occlusal forces, making the base-teeth interface, an entity of significance.
Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most commonly used polymers which can be identified into two plastic identification codes: 2 for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and 4 for low density polyethylene (LDPE). Polyethylene is sometimes called polyethene or polythene and is produced by an addition polymerisation reaction. The chemical formula for polyethylene is –(CH2-CH2)n– for both HDPE and LDPE. The formation of the polyethylene chain is created with the monomer ethylene (CH2=CH2).
In 1983, the first 3D printers were created, and began a revolution in the technology world. These printers are just starting to reach their potential, and can be used in almost every field of work that exists. Just recently 3D printing has started to affect the medical industry and they can be used in many ways. One of these ways is by 3D printing organs made from your own cells. Many people believe that this is just science fiction, but recent developments show that 3D organ printing is not too far away. Right now in the US and countries all around the world there is an enormous shortage of organs and 3D printing could help to solve this crisis.
The concept behind 3D printing is very similar to that of standard (paper) printing. Instead of ink, 3D printers deposit a plastic filament onto a hard surface and then apply layers over the original foundation, thus
SILICONE - A TRENDING BIOMATERIAL R.PERUMAL SAMI,rperumalsamirdftijk@gmail.com,C.LALITHA LAKSHMI,lalithamufc@gmail.com, T.LAKSHMI,nandhini2013@gmail.com . ABSTRACT: Silicone polymers are of relatively recent invention and commercial production was started in the 1940's. Shortly thereafter it was found that glass surfaces treated with silicone fluid delayed the clotting of blood. By the mid-1950s medical applications of silicones had greatly increased and many studies of the biological properties of these materials were undertaken. Silicones are one of the most widely used and one of the most studied of all artificial materials for medical applications and no discussion of biomaterials is complete without their inclusion.
He wanted to discover a material that would have a high melting point characteristic and also be impervious to oxidation which eventually directed him to form Poly (ether-ether-ketone)
There are numerous factors which can affect dimensions of subsequent casts on repetitive pouring. These include the process of polymerization (7), temperature (1), and material used to fabricate the replica or working cast (1). Although, PVS impression materials have demonstrated superior dimensional stability when compared with other elastomeric materials due to no releasing any by-products (8), it had been reported that the dimensional accuracy of a material is time dependent. A material may be highly dimensionally accurate soon after its initial polymerization but less accurate after the storage for a period of time (9). On the other hand, PVS impression materials have chosen as the impression material in many clinical situations because they possess excellent physical properties and handling characteristics
...Boland, Thomas Trusk, Gabor Forgacs, and Roger R. Markwald. Organ Printing: Computer-aided Jet-based 3D Tissue Engineering. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.
Advanced CNC fabrication tools and 3D printing machines have made notable improvements in the construction industry. The benefits of this new approach have been developed over many years to increase...
The idea was to improve 3d printer with special technology, a single printer, with multi material features, can transform from any 1D strand into 3d shape, 2d surface into 3d shape or morph from one 3d shape into another. The shape of 3d technology is basic mode for 4d. Objet Connex multi-material technology is an 3D printing important part of his work – and is being used extensively in this new process. The Connex multi material technology allows the researchers to program different material properties into each of the various particles of the designed geometry and harnesses the different water-absorbing properties of the materials to active the self-assembly process. With water as its activation energy, this technique promises new possibilities for embedding programmability and simple decision making into non-electronic based materials.
The technology and complex foundation of additive manufacturing (AM) or more commonly known as 3D printing is still being widely explored through trial and error processes to improve this innovative field. Consumer goods such as clothes, food, decoration, household objects and tools, fragrance and so much more has good prospect within the spectrum of AM applications. The 3D printing machine enable industrial designers, mechanical engineer, packaging designers, graphic artists, marketing staff, fashion designers, interior designers and the like to create prototypes efficiently. How is timing more efficient with AM? Time to market shrink significantly as the 3D printer help designers and engineer bring their creation to life swiftly. All matters of aesthetics and functionality can be seen and reformed for optimal quality with AM.