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The emergence of consumerism makes commercial products more divided and specific for different groups. Women are especially targeted because of their purchasing powers and potential market. However, the products that specifically designed for women do not necessarily mean a leap for women to have more freedom or to have more voices heard. The consumerism, or the “sexual sell," aiming at persuading women to buy, merely functions as substitutes for the feeling of emptiness due to deprivation of certain rights. The “sexual sell” is not a liberal progression that frees women but rather a new form of oppression under the consumerism influence that reflects conformity of traditional gender roles. The concept of the “sexual sell” is useful in understanding gender identities and gender inequalities today because instead of forcing the traditional gender roles on women, the “sexual sell” makes women willingly to conform to the gender roles and thus …show more content…
Gender, race, class and sexuality are often interrelated. An inequality problem of gender is often associated with other two factors. In “No More Miss America”, every single finalist in the competition was white. In “Sex Toys after NAFTA”, the author expresses her concern over consumerism and neoliberalism’s influences over purchase of sex toys and racialized stereotypes. For privileged women, they are still constrained by their own culture even though they can purchase luxury sex toys. For black and indigenous women, neither can they afford the price of sex toys nor do they have any means to escape from conservative gender norms (Tyburcz 141). No one is truly “liberated” and the differences in race and class make some of them suffer more. In addition to local Mexican unprivileged women, workers in China that produce sex toys are underpaid and do not benefitted from the sexual sell at
Early in the process of mass market consumers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers realize significance of using their advertising to target women. Ads were designed and published to speak primarily for women. In the years preceding World War I, marketing techniques targeting women consumers became increasingly effective. Throughout history, women have always struggled for a recognized place in society. Despite the activities of the Suffragettes, support of the Labor Party and some members of the Liberal Party, women still had very few rights in 1900 and certainly no political rights. During the 1900’s women were still trapped in the “cult of domesticity” (Srivastava). A good illustration of the life of women early during those days can be seen in the advertisement O-cedar print ad year 1900 (fig. 1 below). This print ad speaks to house wives, saying that they have a wide variety of products to choose from. Ranging from a polish to protect her floor wood and furniture, dusting pads and mops that, according to their ad “reduce cleaning, dusting and polishing to almost nothing”. It is obvious that this advertisement reflects the stereotypical depictions of women as a “Happy Homemaker”, apron-clad and committed mothers portrayed in self promotional ads.
Commodities are at the top of this chain. A commodity is anything that is produced for exchange. They have two parts to them, the use of the commodity and its value. With women, and men the use of the human body is humanity, doing whatever it is that pleases you, whether it be riding your bike, reading, dancing, whatever, it comes down to your humanity. Their humanity is turned into a value when women have to sell their use to obtain different forms of commodities, to then exchange those commodities for more commodities. In capitalism women are defined by their bodies, and judged by what their bodies can do, and look like. Women have to sell their humanity because in capitalism that’s the only thing people have to sell. In capitalism it doesn’t matter who or what you are, as long as you’re producing something that will make money. Women sell their humanity in different ways, there seems to be a same scale in place with women’s jobs, modeling (which is at the far right), stripping (somewhere in between), and prostitution (which is at the far left). Most wouldn’t connect these three with having any basic ground (maybe stripping & prostitution), but their basic ground is that women are all selling there use for some form of a commodity, which most of the time is money.
This phenomenon suggests that all women are required to remain loyal wives and stay at home mothers who aspire to achieve perfection. In “Mirrors of Masculinity: Representation and Identity in Advertising Images,” Jonathon E. Schroeder and Detlev Zwick claim that “highly abstract connections are made between the models, a lifestyle, and the brand” resulting in a need to associate these products with a specific way of living (25). Instead of simply displaying these luxurious bracelets and handbags, the ad creates an elegant environment through the incorporation of sophisticated items. The women are dressed elegantly in dresses and blouses, adding a conservative element to the ad. The ad presents a rather stereotypical image of the very successful heads-of-household type mothers who have brunch with other elite women in an exclusive circle. Everything from the merchandise they sport to the champagne glasses down to the neatly manicured fingernails provides insight into the class of women presented in this ad. The body language of the women strips the image of the reality element and instead appears to be staged or frozen in time. This directly contributes to the concept of the gendered American dream that urges women to put up a picture-perfect image for the world to see. Instead of embracing individual struggle and realities, the American dream encourages women to live out a fabricated
But jean sells are increasing when their commercial shows a woman being attacked by three men (464) (Kilbourne)? Kilbourne states that commercials that have a sexy man doing something dangerous becomes erotic, therefore men have this perception that being the good boy is not a positive attribute. When examining Kilbourne’s advertisement selection we see men in control, pushing women against walls and having two women flock over one man. Kilbourne’s selection was to confirm the discrimination women face. The group of feminist fund-raisers, who call themselves SlutWalkers are currently trying to “reclaim the word slut,” by marching around in skimpy clothing making jokes about the industries of prostitution and pornography. They are putting women into a difficult situation because they are pushing for empowerment, but does empower cross your mind when there are half-naked women waltzing around? These women believe they are taking a stand against men, but truthful they are giving them exactly what they want…women strutting around with very little clothing on (Powers). Women are portrayed similarly in advertisement for cars, alcohol, and aftershave; because sex sells. Women are sexy and attractive which sells products on television; however when it comes to advertisement on the radio a man’s voice is used 78% because it is convincing and strong
Through the mass media, our patriarchal capitalist system has created the illusion that Women’s Liberation has progressed when gender equality policies were introduced, such as “equal salaries” and the right to vote. It has convinced the common North American woman to believe that she is not socially restrained, that her accomplishments can be unlimited, that she is in total charge and control of her life. However, conventional norms veiled deeply and expressed indirectly in the mass media continue to dictate and subdue lives according to gender. Seemingly innocent short TV ads, still remarkably traditional in depicting gender roles, condone and reinforce gender oppression. This paper will focus on the underlying imagery of several advertisements, which help perpetuate gender oppression and reinforce the patriarchial system.
In regard to consumerism and gender, I find two figures—Hannah Hoch and James Rosenquist--connected. Hoch once worked for a women's magazine of the huge Ullstein Press while Rosenquist once earned his living as a billboard painter at Artkraft-Strauss. They had been working within the mass media during the day and using the fragments from the industry to create art works at night before they moved to their own studios. The Beautiful Girl (1919-1920) and The Light That Won’t Fail I (1961) are examples I will use to explore consumerism and the relationship between consumerism and gender. As insiders of the mass culture, Hoch and Rosenquist take both content and technique from the visual vocabulary of mass consumption and transform them into art. Their approaches of creating art pieces witness changes in the consumer world at different time periods of history. As manifested in their works, The Beautiful Girl and The Light That Won’t Fail I, photomontage and billboard-like painting resemble the forms of advertising. And their different kinds of juxtaposition embody the experience of the consumer world and the artists’ allegorical comment on consumerism and gender.
The content of the article revealed products from numerous countries, such as the United States, Germany and from the author Tahlia Pritchard’s home country of Australia. The globalization of gender based consumer products expands to a wide range of industries. The industries providing these constant reminders that men and women are different are primarily the food, health and fitness industries, but also oddly include the home organization and tool industries. I have had exposure to some of these products as a consumer and observer of what gender specific products others seem to buy. Companies making these various products capitalize on consumers who wouldn’t dare to bu...
The world is becoming more aware of the gender hierarchy occurring in our society. Men are consistently leaders and placed in positions of power while women are seen as inferior. Jean Kilbourne, author of “Two ways a Woman Can Get Hurt”, investigates this ideology as she looks throughout media and advertisements and highlights their sexually explicit commercials that degrade woman. In comparison, Allan G. Johnson, writer of Why Do We Make So Much of Gender?, discusses how the world’s view of gender has changed over time and how it has affected the world. Kilbourne and Johnson outline the presence of a gender hierarchy but do not accurately interpret why it happens. The underlying presence driving patriarchy is hidden deep in men’s resistance
As early as the nineteen fifties women were identified and targeted as a market. In a consumer culture the most important things are consumers. Advertisers convinced homemakers that in order to be a “good” wife and mother you must have their products and appliances to keep a clean and perfect home. The irony of this ploy is that consumers must have money to buy, and so trying to improve their quality as homemakers, off into the workforce women went. This paradox left women ...
As the realization of women as an exploited group increases, the similarity of their position to that of racial and ethnic groups becomes more apparent. Women are born into their sexual identity and are easily distinguished by physical and cultural characteristics. In addition, women now identify that they are all sufferers of an ideology (sexism) that tries to justify their inferior treatment.
In Don Delilo’s, White Noise different themes are displayed throughout the novel. Some themes are the fear of death, loss of identity, technology as the enemy, and American consumerism. The society represented in the novel views people as objects and emotionally detached from many things. Death is always in the air and trapped in peoples mind. The culture that’s represented in the novel adds to the loss of individualism, but also adds to the figurative death of the characters introduced in the novel.
Rivers-Moore, M. (2010). But the kids are okay: motherhood, consumption and sex work in neo-liberal Latin America. The British Journal of Sociology, 61(4), 716-736. Retrieved February 22, 2014, from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/doi/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2010.01338.x/
Furthermore, American Beauty challenges common sense views such as how money and wealth is seen as the measure of success, and that through commodities individuals will find happiness, however this is often a fallacy perpetuated by the mass media. By subverting the ideology of consumerism Mendes condemns how worth of an individual is determined by what they consume and own, rather than the qualities of them. He refers to how the mass media uses propaganda in advertising to indoctrinate individuals into adopting consumerist values such as hedonism, which restrains freethinking and choice. American Beauty demonstrates how reality can often become synonymous with simulations, and that through capitalism individuals are controlled to consume commodities
“Towards a New Paradigm in the Ethics of Advertising” is a scholarly essay written by John Alan Cohan. Cohan aims to identify the unethical ways women are portrayed in advertising today. This essay explains common ways that women are exploited in advertising and why is each is hurtful and wrong. Then after outlining the unjust practices in women’s advertising, Cohan call for a “paradigm shift” in advertising, where he claims that ads can still be profitable, without harming women in the process (323). Cohan in writing this essay recognizes that women are being misrepresented and harmed by ads. He feels that this issue needs to be brought to advertisers attention, his main audience, and hopes for women’s representation in ads will be healed.
Many marketers still do not understand the importance of gender marketing which has lead to loss of sale. The basic reason of this concept gaining importance is ‘the changing role of women’. A woman today is not just a homemaker.