The World Bank’s involvement in the Chad-Cameroon Oil Pipeline project was originally intended to make sure that Chad’s oil money was being returned to the civilians and ensure that the pipeline was being constructed in an ecologically friendly way (Horta, Nguiffo, & Djiraibe, n.d.). In 2000, the World Bank stated that the project’s success "will be measured by poverty reduction rather than by barrels of oil produced or millions of dollars received by Chad for oil exports,” (Horta, Nguiffo, & Djiraibe, n.d.). Contrarily to what the public was assured, the civilians have not been helped by the pipeline but have in fact been hurt. The already astonishingly low life expectancy of individuals in Chad has dropped an average of 1.1 years within the …show more content…
It was the World Bank’s responsibility to monitor the project and ensure that the people of Chad were being helped by the pipeline. They should have been paying closer attention to the different aspects of the project, for example where the pipeline was laid. By putting the pipeline right through Chad’s most fertile land, the native people were being set up for failure. Farms were destroyed, and trees such as avocado and mango trees that natives relied on were torn down. The people received money to purchase saplings in return, but this did not change the fact that most fruit-bearing trees take years and years to reach adulthood and actually begin providing fruit. The World Bank who promised to oversee the project and protect the people failed greatly. People that were displaced from their homes received poorly built shacks in return for their livelihood. While the pipeline does make money, it is not being given back to the people who essentially paid for it with their homes and food supply.
Also, the World Bank was frighteningly suspicious in their loans for the project. Both Chad and Cameroon are part of the IDA, which stands for the International Development Association. IDA credits and grants are made for the world’s most poor countries, but for the pipeline, the World Bank switched between IDA loans and IBRD loans, which are made for countries with a reasonable income. By switching the types of loans, the World Bank was able to shirk off questions regarding why they would be using the IDA’s funds to operate an oil project (Horta, Nguiffo, & Djiraibe,
The Dakota Access Pipeline and the Keystone XL Pipeline are two pipeline projects that were suspended in the past. These pipelines were stopped because they could have a big impact on people and the environment. The making of these pipelines would cause a great amount of carbon pollution. Recently, President Trump signed the order to approve the pipeline project. The projects have pros and cons, the people in favor of the pipelines think we would be able to rely less on foreign oil.
The Keystone XL Pipeline Imagine the world not as how it is now, but as how people wish it could be. There is no pollution, everyone has a job, the world is at peace and a safe place to live, and most importantly, everyone is happy. This is but a mere dream. Now open your eyes and look at it. See the reality of what the world truly is: we are intentionally hurting the environment, many people in the world are unemployed, many different countries are at war and people are dying because of it.
...e hazardous to the environment. The government will be forced to incur the cost of environmental damage brought about by increased use of fossil fuel in the country. The money could have been used to invest in other sectors of the economy. Similarly, the pipeline will increase the level of unemployment in the country. This is because construction of the pipeline will force most workers to lose their jobs. This will in turn add to the number of the already existing unemployed people in the country.
The Keystone XL pipeline continues dividing the opinion of the people and being a controversial issue. The precious “black gold”, represents one of the main factors that moves the economy, nationally and globally. This extra-long pipeline will transport oil all the way from Canada to Texas. Some experts and the private oil corporation, who is the one in charge of this project, point to the benefits of this project, for example, will make the USA more independent from foreign oil, will create thousands of jobs and improve the economy. Nevertheless, are experts revealing how the pipeline is an unnecessary risk and will be negative for the environment, dangerous for the population living close to the big pipes, and long-term negative for the
Putting in the pipeline in the underground would be,” … designed to transport 470,000 barrels of crude oil per day (with a growth potential up to 570,000 barrels per day) “ (Energy Transfer) Companies makes more money by that but that leaves out the issues where they are going to put these pipelines. Of course these companies decided a place where a Native American’s reservation lies, destroying homes and historical places. “ The Dakota pipeline will create over 8,000 immediate jobs in the construction sector,’ (Blakeman) shows that going on with this plan will get people out of a job can go into this work field. Although creating jobs for thousands of people, but think about what the people who are living in the land feels. They’re going to be out of a job, house, and sense of security. The companies are picking up hundreds of families and making them move because they are destroying their drinking water.
In an expanded view the pipeline is very beneficial to the world but we are not talking about the world view. Much of the profit that would be made from the pipeline will be made in either in a foreign country or in a foreign state. And because all the profit that could be made will be made in a far off place, we are left will a lot of risk and little reward. The pipeline will be transporting several chemicals that are lethal to crops and people. According to the Bluegrass pipeline website one of the chemicals that are being tra...
In response to the recent failure of the international community to prevent the famine crisis in the Horn of Africa since July 2011, Suzanne Dvorak the chief executive of Save the Children wrote that, “We need to provide help now. But we cannot forget that these children are wasting away in a disaster that we could - and should - have prevented” she added, “The UN estimates that every $1 spent in prevention saves $7 in emergency spending.” (Dvorak, 2011).
Chad is one of the poorest countries on the African continent. Chad's economy is mostly agricultural and eighty percent of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock rising as their livelihood, cotton farming, growing sorghum, millet, groundnuts, vegetables, and fruits (Azevedo, Graham, and Nnadozie, 1997). The other twenty percent of Chad's population works in the services industry such as, manufacturing, services, and the military.
Oil-Led Development: Social, Political, and Economic Consequences. CDDRL Working Paper 80. Robinson, J. A., Torvik, R. & Verdier, T. (2006). Political Foundations of the Resource Curse. Journal of Development Economics, 79, 447-468.
At the height of the conflict, about one third of the country's people were displaced. The chronic financial crisis became severe and the economy was close to collapsing. Poverty has become deeper in the rural areas of the Congo where poor people are now powerless, vulnerable and isolated. This is a big contributor to the poverty Congo is experiencing today, because little has improved and won’t improve until these problems are fixed. Overall, Central Africa’s dependence on agriculture could improve the wellbeing of the people but a long history of corruption, violence, and prevalent transportation issues have hindered an improvement in the economy resulting in poverty in the region.
Pipeline Transportation is a massive mode of transportation for over one hundred countries around the world. As of 2014, there is approximately 2,175,000 miles of pipeline, enough to wrap around the Earth 87 times. Of those millions of miles, 64% of the world’s pipeline is in the United States alone. Pipelines are mostly used for the transportation of both crude and refined petroleum, fuels such as oil, natural gas, and biofuels, and other fluids like water and sewage. Even alcohol is sometimes transported using pipelines. Pipelines are used all around us. Miles of them are running continuously below our feet on a daily basis. The creation of pipeline transportation has been an incredibly help to society both directly and indirectly.
Mail and Guardian (2013)Nigeria’s dangote uses $3.3bn loan to build Africa’s biggest oil refinery .6:23.Available at: http://mg.co.za/article/2013-09-05-dangote-33bn-refinery-to-turn-nigeria-into-oil-exporter [Accessed: 5 September 2013]
The question to be answered in this paper is to what extent has the resource curse affected the Nigerian economy and government? Resource curse is a term that states the observation that countries that have a plethora of natural resources (e.g. oil, coal, diamonds etc.). usually have unstable political and economic structures (Sachs, 827). Nigeria is categorized as a nation that has succumbed to the resource curse as it has an abundance of, and an overdependence on, oil, and a decreasing gross domestic product (GDP) (Samuels, 321-322). Nigeria is known for its specialization and overdependence on oil and according to Ross, nations of such nature tend to have high levels of poverty, large class gaps, weak educational systems, more corruption within the government, and are less likely to become democracies (Ross, 356).
Located in the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia is the second most populated country in Africa. It has the tenth largest land mass in Africa (nearly twice the size of Texas), a population of approximately ninety-one million people (CIA 2013), and a rural to urban population ration of approximately 6 to 1 (Abelti, et al. 2012). Like other nations in sub-Saharan Africa, Ethiopia suffers from many of the same social factors that have deepened inequality across the continent. Poverty is widespread; access to quality education and healthcare is inadequate; modern infrastructure and improved sanitation are inconsistent or non-existent (Abelti, et al. 2012). Other high-risk factors have also been present, such as extended conflicts involving the long term mobilization of armed forces, governmental and political instability, and gender inequality (McInnes 2011). This forced Ethiopia, like many of its African neighbors, to turn to the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) for foreign aid and with it, the neoliberal policies and structural adjustment programs that have been so instrumental in deepening inequality in the Global South. Although previous governmental transitions had caused considerable political instability within Ethiopia, the nation possesses a strong central government allowing Ethiopia to resist many of the IMF’s recommendations and seek funding from alternative sources, such as China, to pursue massive infrastructure development within Ethiopia (Giorgis 2013). In this paper, I will discuss the controversy surrounding one of these development projects, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, and how it has shaped – or has been shaped by – inequality.
According to A/RES/69/221, the United Nations states that “desertification and drought can contribute to economic, social, security and environmental concerns.” The lack of water security and rapid climate changes in Iraq has brought severe damage to the country’s environment and corruption to the economy. Iraq, one of the 178 countries to agree on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, formulated the Iraq National Sustainable Development Strategy (INSDS) to discuss ways to prevent poverty and starvation in our country. This national strategy sets out priorities for Iraq’s renovation and development and determines that it is necessary to be educated regarding climate changes, poverty, and hunger. As revealed in A/RES/65/896, Iraq addresses “desertification, land degradation and drought in the context of sustainable development.” Furthermore, development programs such as the Sustainable Iraqi Community Fund were implemented to assist communities suffering from poverty achieve environmentally sustainable solutions. The United Nations urges “developing countries to undertake their own development strategies and policies” for efficient progress in