Published in 1899, Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, is centered around Edna Pontellier, a woman who undergoes an awakening which transforms her from a traditionally obedient, 19th century wife and mother into a sexually liberated and independent woman with unorthodox views on femininity and motherhood. In the novel, Edna falls in love with another man, Robert Lebrun, but has an affair with a different one, Alcée Arobin. In both instances she is defying the social norms of her period and casts aside her marriage with forty-year-old, wealthy New Orleans businessman, Léonce Pontellier. Towards the end of the novel, Edna Pontellier’s awakening and newly found independence leaves her in a state of overwhelming solitude. Reviewers of Chopin’s
In the opening of Chopin’s novel, “a green and red parrot, which hung in a cage outside the door kept repeating over and over: ‘Allez vous-en! Allez vous-en! Sapristi! That 's all right,” shrieking and swearing at Mr. Pontellier (Chopin 3). This caged bird personifies Edna’s entrapment in the role of a wife and a mother, forced to constantly think of others and is never expected to think for herself. Like the parrot, Edna is greatly limited by the rules of society and is confined to displaying the same behavior as those around her. Also, the parrot gives voice to Edna’s unspoken feelings and voices Edna’s desire for solitude. Hanging in a cage on the other side of the door from the parrot is a mockingbird, who portrays Madame Reisz. In the beginning of the novel, it is acknowledged that the mockingbird is the only one who is able to comprehend the parrot’s Spanish. The only character in the novel who truly understands Edna’s desire for independence is Madame Reisz. Despite being faced with her own limitations, Madame Reisz strays defiantly away from any conventions that may impede her pursuit of art. A imperative symbolic use of a bird is seen when Madame Reisz instructs Edna that she must have strong wings in order to subsist the predicaments she will face if she plans to pursue her love for Robert. She warns Eda by saying, “The bird that would soar above the level plain of tradition and prejudice must have strong wings. It is a sad spectacle to see the weaklings bruised, exhausted, fluttering back to earth” (Chopin 81). The bird that Madame Reisz is referring to in her warning, symbolizes Edna’s character. Edna, like other Victorian women, was expected to only use her wings to protect and shield, never to fly. If Edna dared to defy society, she needed a sufficient amount of courage to endure the cost of doing so. In the last scene of the novel,
She pursued activities that would allow her to become more individualistic, such as painting or art. Chopin decides to have Mrs.Pontellier’s character explore art, so she can address Mrs.Pontellier’s relationship with herself and her struggle to become an expressive artist. Throughout this short period Mrs.Pontellier constantly visits an accomplished female artist, Mademoiselle Reisz, who has abandoned the suppressive ideals of her time. Mademoiselle Reisz remarks, “I do not know you well enough to say. I do not know your talent or your temperament. To be an artist includes much; one must possess many gifts-absolute gifts-which have not been acquired by one’s own effort. And, moreover, to succeed, the artist must possess the courageous soul”(Pg.63). Chopin includes this, to show how Mrs.Pontellier is becoming ambitious and developing personal goals and interests. The significance of this pursuit of creativity is to reveal the importance of becoming her true self, in order to produce her own signature art. The underlying message is that to be an artist, one must have their own style, perspectives, opinions, and self assertiveness. Mrs.Pontellier however, is stuck between being a devoted mother and wife, or an artist who defies the standards upon her. Alongside this, Chopin conveys that with the absence of her husband, she has the opportunity to reflect on who she
The passage begins with color symbolism: the parrot is yellow and green. As someone in class pointed out last week, yellow often symbolized cowardice or fear while green symbolizes youth, newness, or growth. As the parrot is specifically described as being caged, this color symbolism could illustrate Edna’s fear either of being confined or of all that breaking away from confinement would entail. Next, the parrot “kept repeating over and over,” indicating persistence; though confined, it is determined. The phrase it repeats in French translates to “Go away, for God’s sake!” With this phrase the parrot attempts to separate from some force of opposition. Also, the fact that it speaks French as well as Spanish “and also a language which nobody understood” suggests that, like Edna’s understanding of her identity as a woman, her individuality, and her sexuality, by knowing several languages the parrot also understands more than does the average person (or bird?), though it is itself misunderstood. The mockingbird serves as an antagonist to the parrot, or a symbolic representation of the forces that oppose Edna. The description of its “fluty notes” sounds pretty and feminine, in contrast with the harshness of the parrot; similarly, Edna struggles with the pretty, feminine roles that are forced upon her within her society with “maddening persistence,” a constant threat to drown out the parrot’s, and Edna’s, voice.
The tile of the poem “Bird” is simple and leads the reader smoothly into the body of the poem, which is contained in a single stanza of twenty lines. Laux immediately begins to describe a red-breasted bird trying to break into her home. She writes, “She tests a low branch, violet blossoms/swaying beside her” and it is interesting to note that Laux refers to the bird as being female (Laux 212). This is the first clue that the bird is a symbol for someone, or a group of people (women). The use of a bird in poetry often signifies freedom, and Laux’s use of the female bird implies female freedom and independence. She follows with an interesting image of the bird’s “beak and breast/held back, claws raking at the pan” and this conjures a mental picture of a bird who is flying not head first into a window, but almost holding herself back even as she flies forward (Laux 212). This makes the bird seem stubborn, and follows with the theme of the independent female.
"Go away! Go away! For heaven’s sake! That’s all right!" (1) Chopin opens her poetic novella, The Awakening, not with the dialogue of a character, but with the ramblings of a brash parrot. Immediately, Chopin compels her readers to ponder what significance, if any, these seemingly random words will have in the following tale. Yet, it is not until the final pages that we recognize the bird’s true importance and meaning. The parrot, though seldom referred to within the text, comes to symbolize Edna’s role in society and the woman she becomes as she is spiritually awakened.
Kate Chopin’s The Awakening takes place in the late 19th century, in Grande Isle off the coast of Louisiana. The author writes about the main character, Edna Pontellier, to express her empowering quality of life. Edna is a working housewife,and yearns for social freedom. On a quest of self discovery, Edna meets Madame Ratignolle and Mademoiselle Reisz, falls in and out of love,and eventually ends up taking her own life. Kate Chopin’s The Awakening shows how the main character Edna Pontellier has been trapped for so many years and has no freedom, yet Edna finally “awakens” after so long to her own power and her ability to be free.
Throughout Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, Edna Pontellier, the main protagonist, experiences multiple awakenings—the process in which Edna becomes aware of her life and the constraints place on it—through her struggles with interior emotional issues regarding her true identity: the confines of marriage vs. her yearning for intense passion and true love. As Edna begins to experience these awakenings she becomes enlightened of who she truly and of what she wants. As a result, Edna breaks away from what society deems acceptable and becomes awakened to the flaws of the many rules and expected behavior that are considered norms of the time. One could argue that Kate Chopin’s purpose in writing about Edna’s inner struggles and enlightenment was to
When Kate Chopin's "The Awakening" was published at the end of the 19th Century, many reviewers took issue with what they perceived to be the author's defiance of Victorian proprieties, but it is this very defiance with which has been responsible for the revival in the interest of the novel today. This factor is borne out by Chopin's own words throughout her Preface -- where she indicates that women were not recipients of equal treatment. (Chopin, Preface ) Edna takes her own life at the book's end, not because of remorse over having committed adultery but because she can no longer struggle against the social conventions which deny her fulfillment as a person and as a woman. Like Kate Chopin herself, Edna is an artist and a woman of sensitivity who believes that her identity as a woman involves more than being a wife and mother. It is this very type of independent thinking which was viewed as heretical in a society which sought to deny women any meaningful participation.
The novel The Awakening is written by Kate Chopin in 1899 which shocked the readers with its honest treatment of female infidelity. Edna Pontellier is a married woman that is trapped in a stifling marriage. She then seeks to find the love and freedom that she desires with Robert Lebrun and Alcee Arobin. She broke her role of an ideal “mother woman” in her society and discover her true identity as being independent and passionate about what she desires.
Chopin uses the parrot to symbolize Edna before her awakening. The parrot is caged, speaking a Spanish and language no one understood, “[a] green and yellow parrot, which hung in a cage outside the door, kept repeating over and over: ‘Allez vous-en! Allez vous-en! Sapristi! That's all right!’”. The parrot is trapped in its cage and says what it is trained to say. This symbolizes Edna before her awakening because she acts how women are expected to act, not realizing she has other options, “Edna moves from her parrot-like position as an accultured woman as her awareness and control of her situation unfolds” (Murihead). Before Edna’s awakening, she is expected to listen to Lèonce, her husband, and do what she is trained to do, be a mother and wife. The parrot is domesticated and used as a pet, expecting to follow the orders of a man and behave; it symbolizes Edna’s entrapment before her awakening. Edna believes she is trapped in her marriage, “[b]oth Edna’s body and mind remain inactive while she is living as a housewife in the private sphere of her home…like a caged bird, she does not see beyond her limits…” (Clark 337), but once she realizes she is not ...
In The Awakening, caged birds serve as reminders of Edna's entrapment. She is caged in the roles as wife and mother; she is never expected to think for herself. Moreover, the caged birds symbolize the entrapment of the Victorian women in general. Like the parrot, the women's movements are limited by the rules of society.
Kate Chopin's novella The Awakening tells the story of Edna Pontellier, a woman who throughout the novella tries to find herself. Edna begins the story in the role of the typical mother-woman distinctive of Creole society but as the novelette furthers so does the distance she puts between herself and society. Edna's search for independence and a way to stray from society's rules and ways of life is depicted through symbolism with birds, clothing, and Edna's process of learning to swim.
She must debate herself internally in order to ultimately decide whether the prosperity of her social status and security or well-being of her mind and body should triumph (this struggle eventually leads to her demise). She must constantly battle the “ennui” of her everyday life, and sometimes crippling depression that accompanied it, or relinquish her self restraint to be shunned by neighbors and even friends. Thus her environment certainly propels her internal conflict, though she, herself, is the driving force. Chopin clearly illustrates the effects of this struggle, characterizing Edna’s habits and moods in stark contrast to each other, almost affecting a bipolar tendency: First it is said that “there were days when she was unhappy, she did not know why —when it did not seem worth while to be glad or sorry, to be alive or dead; when life appeared to her like a grotesque pandemonium and humanity like worms struggling blindly toward inevitable annihilation. She could not work on such a day.” (Page 49), and then soon after remarks that she “seemed palpitant with the forces of life. Her speech was warm and energetic. There was no repression in her glance or gesture...some beautiful, sleek animal waking up in the sun.” (Page 59). This detailing of changes in mood emphasizes and illustrates the effect that the limits of society were having on Edna’s emotional and mental
Kate Chopin's The Awakening tells the story of Edna Pontellier, a young wife and mother living in the upper crust of New Orleans in the 1890s. It depicts her journey as her standing shifts from one of entrapment to one of empowerment. As the story begins, Edna is blessed with wealth and the pleasure of an affluent lifestyle. She is a woman of leisure, excepting only in social obligations. This endowment, however, is hindered greatly by her gender.
According to the Louisiana society, Edna Pontellier has the ideal life, complete with two children and the best husband in the world. However, Edna disagrees, constantly crying over her feelings of oppression. Finally, Edna is through settling for her predetermined role in society as man’s possession, and she begins to defy this. Edna has the chance to change this stereotype, the chance to be “[t]he bird that would soar above the level plain of tradition and prejudice” (112). The use of a metaphor comparing Edna to a bird proves her potential to rise above society’s standards and pave the pathway for future women. However, Edna does not have “strong [enough] wings” (112). After Robert, the love of her life and the man she has an affair with, leaves, Edna becomes despondent and lacks an...
The 19th and 20th centuries were a time period of change. The world saw many changes from gender roles to racial treatment. Many books written during these time periods reflect these changes. Some caused mass outrage while others helped to bring about change. In the book The Awakening by Kate Chopin, gender roles can be seen throughout the novel. Some of the characters follow society’s “rules” on what a gender is suppose to do while others challenge it. Feminist Lens can be used to help infer and interpret the gender roles that the characters follow or rebel against. Madame Ratignolle and Leonce Pontellier follow eaches respective gender, while Alcee Arobin follows and rebels the male gender expectations during the time period.