Increasing requirements for design of system with increased fault tolerance is the current trend in design of control systems. Since the majority of real control systems are non- linear, algorithms dealing with a class of non-linear systems use the approach of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models. These algorithms deals with fault diagnosis, reconfiguration of the system and solve problems related to the constraints of the system and the time delay that occurs in complex control systems. All real systems in nature, such as physical, biological and engineering systems, are susceptible to defects of its compo- nents. Therefore the basic requirement in industrial automation is the reliability of the systems. In the technical automatic control systems, faults may occur in sensors, actuators or com- ponents of the systems. Effective way to ensure the reliability of the systems is to use a fault tolerant control (FTC). Its task is to avoid the expansion of the local faults into the system failure under which system may discontinue activity and jeopardize the safety of the whole system for personnel and environment. The main task of the FTC’s proposal is therefore to design a system that works reliably in dynamic and steady state not only for nominal operation, but also in case of fault, so that the system is able to return to its original condition before the fault occurrence. Fault tolerance is achieved on the basis of the so-called functional (analytical, inherent, custom) redundancy, which unlike physical redundancy (redundancy by technical means) uses the redundancy inherent in dynamic or static dependencies of technological parameters (variables mutually bound by technological process). Fault tolerant control systems and related control pr... ... middle of paper ... ... pp. 330–333. [5] A. Filasová, D. Krokavec, and V. Serbák, “Control reconfiguration for one class of takagi-sugeno fuzzy siso systems,” in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing : Intelligent Systems in Technical and Medical Diagnostics, vol. 230. Berlin Heidelberg : Springer, 2014, pp. 53–64. [6] T. Kailath, “Linear systems.” Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs, 1980. [7] D. Krokavec and A. Filasová, “Dynamic systems diagnosis.” Elfa, Košice Slovakia, 2006. [8] Y. Kouhi and N. Bajcinca, “Nonsmooth control design for stabilizing switched linear systems by left eigenstructure assignment,” in Prepr. 18th IFAC World Congress. Milano, Italy, 2011, pp. 380––385. [9] D. Krokavec and A. Filasová, “Novel fault detection criteria based on linear quadratic control performances,” in International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, vol. 22, 2012, pp. 929–938.
I define a hard worker as someone who is willing to struggle and work hard, despite the fact that nobody will notice. Inside this essay, I will explain not only how I match this description, but also exactly how the Kealing Magnet Program is the optimal place for me to meet my goals, and how I will contribute to the community in ways outside of academics. Although my current school, Austin Home Base, has been great, I am ready for something new, and challenging.
SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) is a graphical application used for monitoring and controlling systems in industry from a centralized location. It receives real time data from the PLC, and can be used to input values and turn on/off outputs. It can provide alarms to allow the user to know when a process has finished or if a fault has occurred. SCADA systems often use HMI (human-machine interface) to allow the user to control valves, pumps, etc. which the HMI is connected to (Inductive Automation, 2014).
...ial approaches which are Normal Accident and HROs, although it seems certain that both of them tends to limit the progression that can contribute toward achieving to highly protective systems. This is because the scope of the problems is too narrow and the potential of the solutions is too limited as well. Hence, Laporte and Consolini et.al., (1991) as cited in Marais, et.al., (2004) conclude that the most interesting feature of the high reliability organization is to prioritize both performance and security by the managerial oversight. In addition, the goal agreement must be an official announcement. In essence, it is recommended that there is a continuing need in the high risk organizations for more awareness of developing security system and high reliability environment in order to gain highly successful method to lower risk in an advance technology system.
All three systems regulate energy production as they help create ATP. The creatine phosphate system is the first system mentioned as it is the quickest of the systems. In this system, there is a reversible reaction, where phosphocreatine and ADP form ATP and creatine. This reaction happens quickly and therefore the system does not provide long lasting energy; however, there is a large amount of energy production in this short amount of time. Activity beyond a few seconds requires more substantial energy production, as with anaerobic glycolysis. In anaerobic glycolysis, glucose is transformed into pyruvate and 2 net ATP are also produced. There is enough ATP production for about 2 minutes of activity. Also, 2 NADH are produced that are then
In conclusion, this paper proposed that Hazard Analysis begins with a thorough understanding and documentation of the system being considered. It also noted that it takes a team of people for all areas involved and even outside experts to examine all possible “What ifs” scenarios that must be considered. It was stated that Hazard Assessment consists of main two parts; the potential for occurrence and severity of the mishap if it does occur. A defined Risk Assessment Matrix was given to help in consistently evaluating the risk. In controlling risk a "safety order of precedence" to risk mitigation has given. It stated the first focus should be designing to minimalize risk, followed by incorporate safety devices, providing warning devices, and finally developing procedures and training.
The ideal verse actual performance management (PM) system implemented by an organization has similarities and differences that prove to be the distinction between a system that yields the desired results and one that does not. Aguinis (2009) outlines and discusses 14 characteristics of an ideal PM system that, if implemented, are likely to help the system generate the desired results.
[3]. Zhang, N & Kezunovic, M. Verifying the Protection System Operation Using An Advanced Fault Analysis Tool Combined with the Event Tree Analysis. Northern American Power Symposium, NAPS 2004 Moscow, Idaho, (August 2004).
The the controll center is located in the head of a human being. It is very essential to controlling our everyday lives. Many of our action all come from this point. This nuerological messenger works non-stop to keep your body functions. This ball of nerve cells is called the brain. This organ plays its part by using nuerons to gather and transmit electrochemical signals. The question is how can we make do our part. How can we make the most of our brains? In my opinion its up to us to eat healthy, stay active, and read more in order to utilize our brains. Just exercising for six minutes can make a diffrence. Lets take a trip to contemplate these three methods in detail.
The International Association for the Study of Pain states that ‘Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage’ and can occur as acute or chronic ("IASP Taxonomy - IASP", 2012). As described in gate control theory by Melzack and Wall, (1965), physical pain occurs when noxious stimulation stimulates afferent nociceptors of the peripheral nervous system. There carry these injury signals to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, which acts as a gate of pain perception. With myelinated A-delta nerve fibers transmits impulses quickly and are associated with sharp, well-located pain and unmyelinated, slow C-fibres are associated with dull, aching pain. In the spinal cord, the nociceptor signals inhibit the inhibitory interneuron and encourage the projection neuron to fire. The gate opens and pain messages get transmitted to the brain. However, efferent, large-diameter amyloid beta fibers can interfere with pain signals from nociceptors and inhibit pain, by activating the inhibitory interneuron, which inhibits the
Assuring faculty and staff will work collaboratively in a singular focus is extremely important to the success of the PLC and student achievement. The following strategies are used to support faculty and staff to improve student learning: shared purpose and vision, shared decision making, supportive environment, common staff schedule, common norms and processes. The school principal is crucial in the success of the PLCs and enhancing the schools culture. Roberts & Pruitt state, “Principals promote trust in their schools by first fostering trust between themselves and their teachers. The process starts when a principal initiates shared leadership” (2009. p.51).
The 360-degree feedback system can be very delicate in nature. A person not well ready for it could be thrown out of balance. It can also generate some new problem in an organisation. It not designed and conducted well, it posses the potential danger of a candidate developing wrong perceptions or notions about one or more of his auditor and creating new perspective towards them. It is therefore, unavoidable and significant to handle the process well and make it foolproof. The first important step is to examine whether the organisation is ready for it or not. The second important step is to examine if the candidate is ready for it. For the purpose of systematic analysis and examination of the problem at hand, the studies by the several researchers have been reviewed. Baron, (2009) examines that managers who received upward feedback about their supervisory behaviour significantly improved their behaviour and improves the subordinate ratings of managerial performance. Similarly, Baron, (2009) found that employees were favourably disposed toward associate rating. The feedback is positively related with fulfilment with prior peer ratings and negatively associated with perceived friendship bias and years of company experience. Subordinates’ ratings of leadership were significantly higher following feedback from subordinates under which a highly structured session is there where leaders discussed the feedback results with subordinates (Baron, 2009).
...mpany up and running through any kind of interruptions such as power failures, IT system crashes, natural or man-made disasters, supply chain/vendor problems and more.
There are many different types of control that can be established in an organization depending on its goals and objectives. There are many different approaches to the management controlling function. Some of these control systems are bureaucratic control, market control and clan control. All of these control systems focuses on a different part of the business depend ending the necessities of the organization in that moment. All of the control systems have their advantages and disadvantages.
Today the technological world has developed and has continued to innovate to provide an easier lifestyle. This is the main focus of automation. Automation has gained more recognition from people in the business and industrial sectors. The purpose of this report is to discuss and inform the overview knowledge in the automation field. “Automation is the system of manufacture designed to extend the capacity of machines to perform certain tasks formerly done by humans, and to control sequences of operations without human intervention” (Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, 2017, p. 1). Humans are capable of such incredible things and have improved throughout time even develop automated technology to do those tasks. Automation and the technology
Scheduling algorithms say how much time is allocated to Processes and Threads. Their goal is to fulfil a number of criteria: