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Theories Of Aggression
The source of aggression
Two theories of aggression
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Aggression behavior is important behavior because it helps both humans and non-humans primates survive in their daily basis life. Aggression behavior causes emotionally or physically damage to others. It can be considered aggressive behavior through physical abuse to verbal abuse. This behavior helps humans as well as non-humans primates defend for themselves and showing an aggressive behavior makes others sense that they are not an easy target. It creates fear and in order to survive both parties need to be tough. Aggression behavior is a learned behavior and it can be a natural behavior as well due to the genes. Humans and nonhuman primates learn aggression behavior as well they show it when it comes to social status.
Researchers states
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Aggression is a behavior indented to hurt someone or something physically or emotionally. Aggression in humans can be caused by different reasons. Wanting to get revenge on someone who hurt them can be a caused as well as when they are being under attack. Researches state that bullies are aggressive due to the abuse they receive at home which makes those people become angry and want to take their anger out on the weak. Trainor mentions that behaviors like aggression evolved in ways of adaptations in order to deal with competition, but sometimes when they are expressed out of their context they seem to have some kind of consequences (2007). Whips states that “Aggression in nonhuman primates goes beyond protecting one 's territory, mates, offspring and food (2009). Natural selection seems to favor the behaviors that expand instead of those that reduce reproductive effort and success (Mckenna, 2009). Mckenna mentions that aggression is a behavior that has evolved through natural selection and most of their genes are influence by the primates aggression behavior, it is supported by natural selection. Natural selection seems to favor on the traits that provide a reproductive advantage (2009). Primates and …show more content…
If their species attack other species they are being taught that it is okay to be aggressive. Different primates are taught to be aggressive due to the circumstances in which they may live in. If they live out in the wild they are forced to be aggressive in order to survive and not be attacked. Aggressive is a learned behavior because primates fight for their food as well as having to attack in order to protect their families as well as protecting their territories. They learn this behavior from seeing others doing it and it is something that is followed.
Mckenna states that among human aggression is used usually when it comes to political, economic, and ideologically and for primates it is between mates, food, and shelter (2009). Mckenna also states that sometimes there are problems between different groups who develop some kind of competition for their resources in which includes mating parents or for their food (2009). “Researchers can easily bring to mind images of animals competing aggressively for mates, for food, or for other resources needed for survival and reproduction” (Trainor, 2007). Research conduct that gorillas mother acquire their little infants by giving them face expression to
Aggressive individuals often act in ways that will result in having personal gain, rather than focusing what impact they have on others. Aggression is pervasive. It affects the rich as well as the poor, the upper and lower classes, it defines us. This means that most sole individuals will behave in certain ways to promote their well being, instead of how they affect others. Michael Crichton uses characters in Jurassic Park to portray the negative physical, social and intellectual impact they can have on society. This is evident in everyday life because society has molded individuals into looking out for their well being with no considerations of the impact that it has on others.
My argument is that animal behavior can explain a very basic level of human behavior. “Evolution can explain why humans exhibit aggression because it is a primal emotion like any other, experts say” (Whipps). If we can accept and support the idea that children possess the basic need of love when they are being raised, then we must realize that this concept was first witnessed and tested in animals. The presence of compassion and love in the early life of an offspring raises his/her potential for success and increases his/her quality of life for a longer length of time. As biologist David Carrier agrees, he states that “[j]ust as compassion for your offspring increases your genes' chance of survival, violent tendencies may have been similarly useful for some species”
All animals employ a vast array of behaviors that contribute to their ability to find resources, increase their chances of utilizing them efficiently, and therefore increase their overall fitness. One of the behaviors observed extensively throughout the animal kingdom to accomplish these tasks is aggression. Agonist conflict and aggressive behavior occurs both between species and within species. Curiously, within-species agonism is common in many animals because it can manipulate social hierarchies which can affect the distribution of resources within a population (Moore 2007 and Wofford 2013). Evaluating agonistic behavior is therefore a valuable means by which to examine expenditure of energy for resources (Moore 2007 and Wofford 2013).
The Social Learning Theory explains that children and adults can learn aggression and violence from observing parents, siblings or friends. As well as being rewarded for aggressive and violent behavior. (Siegel, 2015) This is just one theory that
While many factors can be reported to showcase the reasons why an individual would be led to such violence, ethology remains the single most accurate theory in explaining the many facets of gang violence by showing the parallels between animal behavior and the lifestyle of gang members. Ethology also attempts to explain the violence exhibited by humans as corresponding to violence displayed by animals. For predatory animals, violence is necessary for survival and adaptation to the surroundings is vital. Genetically humans are closest to chimpanzees, which “routinely engage in murder, assassination, rape, raid...
Since the beginning of social psychology, psychologist has been trying to analyze how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior are impacted by aggression. When an aggressive person gets frustrated or upset, social psychologist tracks down what exactly drives them to commit crimes, atrocities, or even abuse. According to Kassin, Fein, and Markus, aggression is “behavior intended to harm another individual” (2016). Individuals who attain this trait don’t always have to physically abuse someone, aggressive attacks could be verbal, emotional, or mental as well. Although many might argue that people who are viewed as aggressive tend to harm another person because that is their only cure, however, there are alternative motives that drive aggression,
Aggression is defined as a form of animal behavior characterized by an assault or attack by one animal on another. In humans aggression is a learned behavior as opposed to an instinctual behavior, it is learned in childhood, and as one matures into an adult, these aggressive behaviors develop and become part of one's personality traits.
By definition aggression can mean a wide range of behaviors that occur for a large number of reasons under many different circumstances. Just about all wild animals are aggressive when guarding their territories, protecting their offspring and themselves.
Aggression is a critical part of animal existence, which is a driving force to humans, as we too are animals. The source of aggression within humans is an ongoing list so therefore, we must understand the definition of aggression. Aggression in psychology defined by the World Book Encyclopedia is hostile behavior that may hurt or upset other people. Such behavior may take the form of physical attack against people or their possessions, or verbal abuse (Larsen, 2000). There are many types of aggressive behaviors which we must differentiate from. Aggression may be an automatic response to such experiences as pain or danger. In other cases, it is a deliberate action with a definite purpose (Larsen, 2000). Some people act out of hostility to gain money, pleasure, power or prestige. Other aggressive behavior is intended to cause physical or psychological injury (Larsen, 2000). For example, an aggressive behavior can be negative or positive, accidental or intended and physical or mental.
In cities, suburban areas and even small towns, people are fearful and concerned that violence has permeated the fabric of their communities and degraded the quality of their lives (Albert J. Reiss). There is aggression everyday and it can be seen in all different forms. Where ever you go there will be some type of aggression. While doing research, I learned new things about psychological aggression and affects aggression has on people.
Starting off his oration, he explained that other primates are capable of manifesting aggression on a level that is similar to humans. Specifically, he noted
The field of psychology has opened different hypothesis from a variety of theories with the aim of studying the behaviour of humans being as a result they concluded with five psychological perspectives. Behaviourist, Biological, Psychodynamic, Cognitive and Humanistic perspectives are the deduction after a depth study of mental activity associate to human behaviour. In this essay I will be comparing two psychological perspectives according to aggressive behaviour.
After understanding the forms of aggression, one can slowly begin to understand relational aggression. Aggression is defined as behavior that is intended to harm others. Aggression can take many forms including physical violence, date violence, and criminal violence. Most have related aggression with the male physical violence or “beating up.” Most females have low or do not show any form of aggression; therefore, most people believe women to be the lesser aggressive sex. It is true that males are proven to be more aggressive than females, but not by far. This is depending on which form of aggression is being studied.
Aggressive behavior is exhibited in individuals who present themselves in a very violent or hostile manner. Aggression is commonly linked with frustration and is a behavioral disorder that has various classifications. This factor makes it easy to confuse this disorder with different behavioral problems. There are different types of aggression that have different levels of severity. The website Study.com breaks down aggression into a few subcategories. The first subcategory is referred to as proactive aggressive behavior. According to Study.com, “proactive aggressive behaviors are calculated and planned actions that have some motive other than harming someone.” This means that proactive aggressive behaviors express feelings such as anger, frustration, superiority, etc in a pre-calculated manner to release built up tension. An individual's emotional needs motivate them to exert proactive aggressive behaviors. For example, bullying is a form of proactive aggression. Bullying allows the antagonist to feel superior to their victim and involves a lot of planning. The antagonist already knows who their target is, why they chose their target, and when they are going to torment them. The main thing to know about proactive aggressive behavior is that the individual who exhibits such behavior has a decent amount of control over their actions.The next sub-category is the complete opposite and is referred to as reactive
Aggression and violence are the direct result of learned behavior. Our society is full of examples of violence and aggression that unfortunately have become a part of our daily lives regardless of where we live, work, or play.