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Summary of obedience to authority
Conformity vs rebellion
Summary of obedience to authority
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In recent class discussions of authority, a controversial issue has been whether it is wrong to obey authority. Some argue that it is always wrong to disobey authority. From this perspective, some believe that because their superior is above them, they know whats better and we need to comply. On the other hand, however, others argue that if you believe you are being told to do something that is morally wrong, you have the choice not to do it and to go against your authority. In the words of Plato, one of this view’s main proponents, “you mustn 't let any fears on these grounds make you slacken your efforts to escape; and you mustn 't feel any misgivings about what you said at your trial, that you wouldn 't know what to do with yourself if you …show more content…
32). According to this view, Crito is explaining to Socrates that even though he has been sentenced to death, to disobey authority because he can’t be afraid to escape in order to be successful and do it. I believe Crito is trying to shame him into escaping so that he can clear his conscious about getting I 'm in prison in the first place and having the opportunity to get him out and not take it. In sum, then, the issue is whether it is wrong to disobey authority or whether it is okay to disobey authority. My personal view is that it is wrong to disobey authority, unless I am in a situation where I believe it would be completely wrong to continue, and I question how far I will go before I reach a point where there is shame for what I have done. Though I recognize that authority might be more knowledgable about a subject than their inferior, I still support that different people are going to have different types of moral wrongs and rights, and should be …show more content…
The experimenter’s employee, known as Prozi, is asked to press the button to shock the actor, believing that there was an actual shock going into his body. Through this process, the shocks get worse and worse and end up making the Learner go unconscious. It is at this point where the Prozi asks the experimenter if he must continue and without thinking, the experimenter said yes and to carry on. The Prozi begins to get upset that he is causing a man so much pain and tells the experimenter that he will not be liable or take responsibility for any of the damage caused by the shocks. Without any arguing the experimenter complies and carry on with the experiment. However, what the Prozi did not ask about or take into consideration was “the experimenter did not threaten the subjects with punishment — such as loss of income, community ostracism, or jail — for failure to obey” (Milgram par. 54). No threat at all was expressed by the authority to the Learner. The learner took it upon themselves to assume there was consequences for not obeying their superior. It is a natural thought to believe that punishment and consequences would be certain for not obeying authority, but they never asked
The study was set up as a "blind experiment" to capture if and when a person will stop inflicting pain on another as they are explicitly commanded to continue. The participants of this experiment included two willing individuals: a teacher and a learner. The teacher being the real subject and the learner is merely an actor. Both were told that they would be involved in a study that tests the effects of punishment on learning. The learner was strapped into a chair that resembles a miniature electric chair, and was told he would have to learn a small list of word pairs. For each incorrect answer he would be given electric shocks of increasing intensity ranging from 15 to 450 volts. The experimenter informed the teacher's job was to administer the shocks. The...
Crito on the other hand believes civil disobedience is sometimes morally legitimate in certain cases. He states “Your present situation itself shows clearly that the majority can do not just minor harms but very worst things to someone who’s been slandered in front of them” (pg.79) Crito tries to reason with Socrates by telling him how by abiding to these “just” laws is what got him in prison in the first place, and how he is going to be unjustly prosecuted because of it. He goes on by trying to persuade him that by escaping prison it wouldn’t classify as civil disobedience since he wouldn’t be harming anyone. If he stayed in prison it would seem as cowardness and seem irresponsible. Since Socrates has a responsibility towards his family
When Socrates was sentenced to death, his friend Crito offers to help him escape, but he refuse to escape. He explains to Crito that if he were to escape he would be running away his whole life. He would stay at Athens and comply with the sentence as set by Athens law and die for his cause. Another reason that he gave Crito for not escaping was that he was already death alive and that he was too old to be running away .
Obedience to authority and willingness to obey an authority against one’s morals has been a topic of debate for decades. Stanley Milgrim, a Yale psychologist, conducted a study in which his subjects were commanded by a person in authority to initiate lethal shocks to a learner; his experiment is discussed in detail in the article “The Perils of Obedience” (Milgrim 77). Milgrim’s studies are said to be the most “influential and controversial studies of modern psychology” (Levine).While the leaner did not actually receive fatal shocks, an actor pretended to be in extreme pain, and 60 percent of the subjects were fully obedient, despite evidence displaying they believed what they were doing was harming another human being (Milgrim 80). Likewise, in Dr. Zimbardo, a professor of psychology at Stanford University, conducted an experiment, explained in his article “The Stanford Prison Experiment,” in which ten guards were required to keep the prisoners from
We have laws to keep us in check and consequences to follow if we don’t follow them. Plato’s theory on Benevolent Authority shows how external authorities try to see fair play. “Authorities can have their own agendas and these are not always consistent with cooperation and fair play (Fisher pg. 27).” We look at our authorities and usually don’t question them because we assume since they are higher up they know what they are doing and quite frankly we can’t do anything about it.
Stanley Milgram’s experiment shows that people many times conform to do what an authority figure says or orders. Despite moral apprehensions, a person might continue to do what they know is wrong. Milgram used ordinary people of all different types of life in his experiment and showed that many of them will continue until they are told to stop. It is not a “lunatic fringe” that will go against what is morally right, but it is a majority that will. Milgram says that it is easier going against one’s own principles then disobeying an authoritative figure.
...uments are completely different. Crito wants Socrates to escape because he doesn’t deserve to die because he did nothing wrong. Socrates argues back that if he escapes he will be breaking the law. Which is the thing that he is trying to uphold. Socrates believes that escaping will go against all the things he has been arguing and teaching the youth.
In Plato’s “Crito”, Socrates, who is convicted of spreading false beliefs to the youth in Athens is in an argument with his friend, Crito. Crito tries to convince Socrates of the reality of his sentence and that it would only make sense for him to escape. He gives many reasons of why escaping is necessary and moral. Crito states,
In Milgram's opinion the teachers continued because they were told they were not responsible for whatever happens to the learner, he states “Experimenter: i'm responsible for anything that happens to him ( Milgram 81).” Milgram says, “Teachers were the ones inflicting pain but still did not feel responsible for their act ( Milgram 83).” Also Milgram says “ they often liked the feeling they get from pleasing the experimenter (Milgram 86).” However Baumrind believes that the teachers only followed orders because they trusted to experimenter. Baumrind states, “The subject has the right to expect that the Psychologist with whom he is interacting has some concern for his welfare, and the personal attributes and professional skill to express his good will effectively ( Baumrind 94).” When Baumrind tells the readers this she means that she thinks the teachers believe that that the experimenter would not let anything bad happen to the
Are we morally obliged to obey even unjust laws? Think about what this means. This means that laws, regardless of how unfair, unjust, or immoral they may be, must be followed with no better reason that they are the law. To the thesis that we are obliged to obey even unjust laws, I will argue that the standard objections to Civil Disobedience, given by Singer, are incorrect
Socrates had a few reasons for accepting his punishments and not escaping the death sentence that he was handed. In hopes to convince Socrates to escape prison, his friend Crito visited him in prison before he was put to death. Crito initially began pleading with Socrates to escape because he did not want to lose a friend and he was afraid that people would think that he...
Summary of the Experiment In Stanley Milgram’s ‘The Perils of Obedience’, Milgram conducted experiments with the objective of knowing “how much pain an ordinary citizen would inflict on another person simply because he was ordered to by an experimental scientist" (Milgram 317). In the experiments, two participants would go into a warehouse where the experiments were being conducted and inside the warehouse, the subjects would be marked as either a teacher or a learner. A learner would be hooked up to a kind of electric chair and would be expected to do as he is being told by the teacher and do it right because whenever the learner said the wrong word, the intensity of the electric shocks increased. Similar procedure was undertaken on the teacher and the results of the experiments showed conclusively that a large number of people would go against their personal conscience in obedience to authority (Milgram 848).... ...
Authority cannot exist without obedience. Society is built on this small, but important concept. Without authority and its required obedience, there would only be anarchy and chaos. But how much is too much, or too little? There is a fine line between following blindly and irrational refusal to obey those in a meaningful position of authority. Obedience to authority is a real and powerful force that should be understood and respected in order to handle each situation in the best possible manner.
Thomas Chandler Haliburton states, “Whenever there is authority, there is a natural inclination to disobedience.” There are tons of reason why people go against authority and disobey what is set in forth, one major reason is independence. When someone wants attention they disobey authority so everyone can have their full attention. Also, as humans we try to find a place within a social group and this is natural as we our sociable creatures. However, disobeying authority is sometimes the right thing to do as there is discrimination or the inclination of superiority of one's race. As illustrated in The Crucible and Montgomery Boycott people such as John Proctor, Reverend Hale, and Rosa Park, often rebel for just and appropriate reasons in order to improve society.
Beginning in kindergarten, young children around the age of five would disrespect their parents and teachers because they would not know better. Later, beginning in the adolescent years, young adults would just push aside all authority in general to show that they do not wish. Eventually, by the time men and women would become full adults, they would begin to violate laws and regulations set by others, even the omnipotent government. Why do people rebel against authority?