you hear the word waves? Many people think of the waves of the ocean and those are harmless, but there are some waves that can be harmful towards us. When there is an earthquake, it releases energy which shakes the Earth. The energy released from the earthquake is called a seismic wave. It’s called a seismic wave because the Greek word seismos, means earthquake. There are two different types of seismic waves produced when an earthquake occurs which are body waves and surface waves. There are two different
initial shock wave radiates from the area where the slip occurred, also known as the focus. As the rocks continue to slip back and forth, more shock waves are sent out. After the initial slip occurred at a depth of around 6km on the Port Hills Fault, the rupture spread upwards and then towards the northwest, thereby focusing all the energy of the earthquake towards the city. There are four different types of seismic waves: Primary (P), Secondary (S), Love (L) and Raleigh (R). P waves are the first
earthquake warning system is designed to promote those 20 seconds that could save people from a disaster. The Earthquake Early Warning System can detect small to large earthquakes very quickly so that a warning could be sent out before destructive seismic waves arrive. It will also give a warning of the intensity of the shaking. These warnings would allow people to take protective actions, such as allowing them to drop and hold cover. Even emergency responders will have time to prepare. “When people feel
scientists do know that an earthquake is the shaking of the ground caused by sudden release of energy inside the earth's crust. This is also known to scientists as the breaking and moving of tectonic plates along a fault line, which than creates seismic waves at the epicenter. The earthquake has three different types of shocks that are usally felt. First one being a foreshock which happens in the same place as the larger earthquake, but scientists can not tell for sure if the quake felt is a foreshock
Primary impacts are the result of the ground shaking causing buildings to collaspe. This than results in the secondary impacts which are usually tsunamis, fires, landslides and other catastrophic events. Tsunamis, a huge wave of water, are one of the worse things human life can face after an earthquake as they are known to destroy absolutely everything in there path. Landslides, another huge destruction, is often known to be worse than the earthquake itself. These can
Seismic Resolution The definition of the term thin bed involves the concept of the resolving power (Widess, 1973) thus seismics is impacted by resolution. Most geological structures have a smaller vertical dimension than a horizontal one (Chang et al, 1996), thus, the ratio of the vertical dimensions plays a very important role in seismic resolution. As the dimension ratio decreases, the difficulty in identifying geological events increases and become more challenging (Chang et al, 1916). Sheriff
another rock block. In reverse faults, one block of rock is being pushed up while another is being pushed down. Strike-slip faults are cracks between two plates is sliding past each other. The hypocenter, where the earthquake starts, sends out shock waves that may be powerful enough to alter the surface of the earth by creating cliffs and opening up large cracks in the ground. Earthquakes can also cause lots of damage. They can collapse buildings and other manmade structures, break power, water and
due to the nature of the seismic waves they produce. P and S waves are reflected and refracted at different boundaries within the earth, and this enables seismologists to make inferences about the internal composition and structural of planet Earth. (Merali and Skinner, 2009, p.252). In 1906, a scientist by the name of Richard Dixon Oldham had suggested a theory structured another scientists findings by the name of Emil Wiechert. Oldham had identified that S waves and P waves behaved differently and
In seismology, there are several types of waves studied, each of these waves have characteristics that define them. Seismic waves can be split into two categories, and they are body waves and surface waves. Body waves travel and move within the earths subsurface and inner layers. There are two types of body waves, P-Waves also known as compressional waves or primary waves, and S-Waves also called secondary or shear waves. The S-Waves have a vertical (Sv) and horizontal (Sh) component. “In an infinite
The frequency shows time interval between each wave and the length of the graph is determined by the time period of the earthquake. From reading and looking off the seismograph, we can determine the direction, distance, magnitude and the specific type of earthquake that just happened. Furthermore, the
Earthquake is a frequent phenomenon in areas called ‘earthquake zones.’ Earthquake creates numerous kinds of effects such as loss life and damage of property depending upon its magnitude. Earthquake can make damage from small to large impact on communities. As some consequences of the earthquake, there is secondary effects like fire, water supply problem, electricity, transportation, and communication disruption (Gaurav Kaushik, 2013). Manmade infrastructures are playing an important consideration
At first, tsunami, also known as seismic sea waves, are a series of enormous waves created by an underwater disturbance such as earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, or meteorite. A tsunami can move hundreds of miles per hour in the open ocean and smash into land with waves as high as 100 feet or more. From the area where the tsunami originates, waves travel outward in all directions. Once the wave approaches the shore, it builds in height. The topography of the coastline and the ocean floor
Mechanical wave is a disturbance that move through a medium. A medium is something that helps this effect to happen. Earthquake waves are mechanical waves and the energy transferred is through compression and rarefaction. Earth has few layers and one of them is the lithosphere. It is broken down to tectonic plates and sometimes these plates slide inside the earth. This activity causes the earthquakes.Earthquake waves are also known as Seismic waves and they can be measured using a seismometer. The
too big for the rock to support, one side of vibrations that transmit waves which travel for long distances through the interior of the earth or along surface. The energy released by an earthquake moves in the form of waves through the rock which act as an elastic body. These waves make the ground vibrate, and are what we call earthquakes. The two main types of earthquake waves are P waves and S waves. P waves or primary waves are the fastest and can travel through solid and l... ... middle of
This sudden break results in an overwhelming amount of energy that in turn causes the seismic waves the make the ground shake. Friction is the result of two large rocks or tectonic plates rubbing against each other and often getting caught along each other’s edges. When these plates stick to each other, an energy and pressure buildup will occur
The Molten Core Theory The center of the Earth is composed of a solid metallic core surrounded by a molten layer of liquid metal. This paper will discuss the reasons to believe the theory that the Earth has a molten core, and the important discoveries that have led to this generally accepted theory. It is very reasonable to agree with this theory when paying credence to the logical evidence that answers questions about the Earth’s core. This evidence includes information about the elemental
of shock waves. Two are classified as body waves which means they travel through the earth's interior and the other four are surface waves. The waves are changed by the rock types or formations they hit. Primary or compressional waves (P waves) send particles moveing back and forth in the same direction as the waves are traveling, secondary or transverse shear waves (S waves) send vibrations perpendicular to their direction of travel. P waves always travel at higher velocities than S waves. Three general
of nature. Six kinds of shock waves are generated in the process. Two are classified as body waves, that is, they travel through the inside of the earth and the other four are surface waves. The waves are further classified by the kinds of motions they incur to rock particles. Primary or compressional waves, known as P waves, send particles moving back and forth in the same direction as the waves are traveling, as secondary or transverse shear waves, known as S waves, create vibrations perpendicular
then travels along fault lines in seismic waves (World Book Encyclopedia). Seismic waves are either P-waves (primary), or S-waves (secondary). P-waves create a relatively low wave train and arrive at the surface first. On the surface they create a push-pull effect, thus moving the surface up and down. Their low amplitude and vertical movement create an effect much like a dangling slinky. S-waves arrive second and are much more damaging. The high amplitude of S-waves, combined with their horizontal
the mantle is reached.When earthquakes happen they produce two types of waves P-waves and S-waves. Primary waves (p-waves) are the fastest waves, they travel away from a seismic event. Primary waves are longitudinal, they can travel through solids, liquids and gases. The secondary waves (s-waves) travel slower than the primary waves, and are traverse waves. This type of wave can only travel through solids. Measuring these waves is called seismology.Scientists have known for a long time that the lava