transport, and function of retinoids. Retinoids are vitamin A derivatives. They help to regulate differentiation and cell proliferation. Higher expression of retinoid signaling takes place in neuronal plasticity areas such as the hippocampus, retrosplenial, and prefrontal cortex (2). Retinoid signaling in the brain helps to control the brain functions. These include neurotransmitter release, neuronal differentiation, neurite growth, and long term potentiation (3). Retinoids are mediated by nuclear receptors
Vitamin A is characterized into two chemically distinct yet structurally related forms. The first form is retinoid, which is present only in foods of animal origin, such as fish and organ meats. “Retinoid is also known as 'preformed vitamin A' because it can be metabolized directly into compounds that exert the biological effects of vitamin A” (Ross, 2005, p. 329). Preformed vitamin A retinoids are found in liver, fish, fish oils and eggs. A second form of vitamin A is β-carotene, which is synthesized
Combination therapy with a SERM and retinoid functions more efficiently than either alone in combatting IGF-1 induction of tumor proliferation and secondary tumor progression. Specific inductions by F-Ren on apoptotic activators and increased oxidative stress produced by F-Ren and Tamoxifen
Background Acne vulgaris is the most common cutaneous disorder affecting adolescents and young adults. Acne vulgaris is a disease of pilosabaceous follicles with four pathogenic factors. These factors are follicular hyperkeratinization, increased sebum production, infection with Propionibacterium acnes within the follicle, and resulting inflammation. Follicular hyperkeratinization is increased proliferation and decreased desquamation of keratinocytes lining the follicular orifice. This results
Vitamin A contributes to several other important biological functions including nuclear transcription, skin cell differentiation, growth, and immunity. As animals are not capable of synthesis, vitamin A and its metabolites (collectively know as the retinoids) must be obtained through the diet (Goodman 1984). Two major forms of vitamin A are found in food: retinol and carotenoids. All of these fat-soluble vitamins contain two distinct structural features that contribute to all of their activity. The
Protein- There is no set upper limit for protein. One’s protein intake should not exceed more than 35 percent of total food enegery and no less than 10 percent (Whitney, Folfes 182). One of the side effects of protein deficiency is the slowing of the body’s processes to slow down. Protein defficiency can also stop some bodily processes. Protein deficiency can cause slowed growth, impaired brain and kidney functions, poor immune systems, and inadequate nutritent absorption (Whitney, Rolfes 182)
Treatments for Cancer Cancer is a disease in which cells multiply out of control and gradually build a mass of tissue called a tumor. There has been a large amount of research dedicated to the treatment and cure of cancer. Several types of treatments have been developed. The following are just some of the major examples of cancer therapy: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biologic therapy, biorhythms, unconventional treatments, and hyperthermia. Each type of treatment is discussed
Introduction When Accutane became available to consumers in 1982 as a treatment for recalcitrant nodular acne, it was regarded as a wonder drug. Researchers began investigating the risks of the medication only after news of adverse effects were reported to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Although Accutane has the ability to resolve persistent acne, the known side effects are of great importance to the consumer. Several studies have been conducted to elucidate the adverse effects of Accutane
Psoriasis is an incurable dermatological autoimmune disease that is characterized by red, itchy, scaly patches of abnormal skin that vary in size and severity. In total, there are five different types of psoriasis: plaque, guttate, inverse, and erythodermic, or generalized. The first and most common type of psoriasis is plaque, this type is characterized by raised areas of inflamed skin covered in silverish-white to white scaly skin known as “plaques”; plaques are most commonly found on the elbows
Cellulite is an aesthetically non - pathological concern that affects more than 85% of females and a minority of males and is not limited to a particular race. In females, cellulite is identified during the post puberty stages of development due to the structural changes the body undergoes and at this point of time can have effects on the individuals self esteem and self consciousness. Cellulite can develop often seen in areas of the upper limbs, abdominal and gluteal regions, and in some cases
At present, cosmetics are always used in daily life. When we talk about cosmetics, most people will think of the things that only use for make-up such as lipstick, eye-shadow, mascara, blusher etc. But in fact cosmetics are not only mean to the things that only use for make-up but also shampoo, lotion or sunscreen. According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) explains “Articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body…
was a strong medication with serious side effects, I didn't know what components the drug consisted of or how it would react with the cells in my body until I studied organic chemistry. During the course of my study, I learned that Accutane is a retinoid that decreases the size and activity of the sebaceous glands in the skin, which reduces the amount of sebum produced. Looking back on this experience, I now see how not having a clear face affe...
treatment for the early-stage cases could be summarized into: 1) A topical (clindamycin) or systemic antibiotics (tetracyclines, clindamycin, rifampicin). 1) Topical antiseptics and intralesional corticosteroids (triamcinolone acetonide). 3) Systemic retinoids (isotretinoin, etretinate). 4) Antiandrogen therapy (cyproterone acetate,
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Many studies have established that a developing organism is susceptible to exogenous and endogenous factors during certain stage of the organism’s development. The effects of ethyl alcohol or ethanol on the developing fetus, which manifest a variety of characteristic abnormalities, are collectively called Fetal alcohol Syndrome. Ethanol exposure to the fetus causes various malformation ranging from the cellular to the organismic levels with the eventual results frequently
Introduction Malnutrition is a global challenge in low-income and middle-income countries particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia (Shetty, 2002, Black, et al., 2008). More than ten million children under five years of age die annually worldwide and percentage of child deaths in sub-Saharan Africa is approximately 41% and another 34% in south Asia (Black, et al., 2003). It was estimated that more than 50% of these child deaths could be attributed to the potentiating effects of malnutrition
These medications are easily available on the health stores. People who have undergone the treatment, should not use scrubs or other products containing abrasive material. You should moisturize the skin and use a gentle cleanser twice a day. Using retinoids should be avoided for two nights following the treatment. It is advisable to avoid sun exposure before and during the V-beam laser treatment. Using a sun block of SPF 30 or higher is recommended. The sunscreen must be able to block both the UVA
This essay will start by covering several facts about the functions, layers, skin appendages, and cells found in the human skin. Then it will discuss how the skin is altered in the diseased state and several different signs that give indication of the skin being in the diseased state. Next the essay will cover symptoms associated with acne vulgaris. Lastly it will go over treatments for acne vulgaris which include diet and/or medicines. The functions, layers, skin appendages, and cells found in
High fever and typhoid • General anesthesia • Hormonal imbalance • Thyroid dysfunction • Medical treatments such as chemotherapy used in cancer treatment, oral contraceptives, beta-adrenergic blockers used for controlling blood pressure and retinoids used for the treatment of acne and other skin diseases. • X-rays • Burns • Chemicals used in hair dying, bleaching and perming. • Scalp injuries Alopecia hair loss treatment: Home remedies: Several remedies can help to prevent hair loss
John Hunter was the first person who discovered the type of cancer called skin cancer. In about two hundred years later, scientists were able to test it and named it “Melanoma”. Rene Laennec, a french physician was the first person who identifies Melanoma as a type of disease. He was considered as the first person who named “Melanoma”. During that time of period, Melanoma was untreatable, there was no medical treatment for it. People were suffering, hoping to have some source of treatment that can
The human body requires small amounts of nutrients in microgram or milligram quantities in our diet because it cannot synthesize the necessary amounts on its own. These nutrients are considered micronutrients. Micronutrients are a combination of water, vitamins, and minerals. Vitamins are organic compounds that do not provide energy, but are essential to the body in helping “aid in metabolism, as well as the growth, development and maintenance of body tissues” (Byrd-Bredbenner, Moe and Beshgetoor