My literature review is on the topic of neuroscience, or the study of the brain. My first and second paragraphs focus on drugs and their effects on the human brain. My third paragraph involves the human brain and sleep. Most of my article reviews I did reports on this year went with the topic of the brain, or neuroscience. All of the articles I paired together in this review had something in common with the brain, drugs and their effects on the brain, and or the brain involving sleep. Overall, all of the articles in this review relate to the topic of neuroscience and teach many theories, effects, and results of the brain with particular substances, drugs, or sleep.
Some of my article reviews focused on drugs and their effects on the human brain. These two articles fit under that category, and are articles I did reviews on previously. The first article was titled “Heavy Drinking Speeds Memory Loss in Middle Aged Men.” This article focused on middle aged men who drink more than 36 grams of alcohol a day. These men may have a higher chance of increased memory loss in the next 6 years of their life, after consuming more than 36 grams of alcohol a day. Scientists took this study into further investigation by taking 5,054 men and 2,099 women whose drinking was assessed 3 times over the past 10 years. Average age 56, the participants in this experiment were tested on memory and executive function. The heavier drinkers had increased memory loss by effects of the alcohol. Those who were non drinkers, moderate drinkers, or light drinkers were not as heavily affected by the alcohol. Heavy drinkers showed declines in memory and executive function one and a half to six years faster than the lighter drinkers. My next article was entitled “Teen...
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...4). Teens who consume energy drinks more likely to use alcohol, drugs. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 1, 2014 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140204111804.htm
- University of Zurich. (2014, January 20). Cocaine users enjoy social interactions less. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 1, 2014 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140120173338.htm
- BMJ-British Medical Journal. (2014, March 11). Nicotine patches do not appear to help pregnant smokers to quit, study shows. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 1, 2014 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140311184658.htm
- Raloff, J. (2013, August 19). Sleepyheads prefer junk food. . Retrieved , from https://student.societyforscience.org/article/sleepyheads-prefer-junk-food
- Ornes, S. (2013, October 11). Sleep therapy for fears . . Retrieved , from https://student.societyforscience.org/article/sleep-therapy-fears
“I became restless and was afraid to sleep for fear that my suppressed thoughts would appear in my dreams” (70).
Caffeinate drinks and energy drinks are very common on amongst adolescents, and the consumption of alcohol is also a regular occurrence among adolescents (Rohsenow et. Al, 2014). At that age, they may consume caffeine or energy drinks to wake themselves up or stay up late when working on homework assignments. Which at times can be helpful when working on multiple assignments. When a person consumes a certain amount of alcohol, he or she begins to feel drowsy/tired. There is nothing wrong with having a drink on occasions, especially if you drink responsibly. Recently people have begun to mix caffeine with alcohol, resulting in Alcoholic Energy Drinks. People buy and consume these drinks to combat the drowsiness that comes with drinking, so if he or she is out partying, it won’t interrupt his or her drinking and the can consume more alcohol because they will not feel as tired as quickly as the normally would. Alcoholic Energy Drinks have been a trend in recent years, and this is especially true among college and high school students (Kponee, Siegel, & Jernigan, 2014). Do Alcoholic Energy Drinks represent responsible drinking? Should companies mix caffeine and alcohol and sell it in stores? To go even further, should the drinks be legal in the United States? Alcoholic Energy Drinks are harmful because they affect the person’s ability to judge his or her level of intoxication, it also influences people to drink more than he or she should because he or she feels less intoxicated, and because of those reasons, people who consume Alcoholic Energy Drinks are more likely to drive while intoxicated, among other dangerous risk-taking behaviors (Kponee, Siegel, & Jernigan, 2014). Because of the adverse effects, Alcoholic Energy Drinks should...
Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard, . "Why do we sleep anyway?" Healthy Sleep. WGBH Educational Foundation, 2008. Web. 10 Apr. 2014.
Wells, Mary Ellen, and Bradley V. Vaughn. "Poor Sleep Challenging The Health Of A Nation." Neurodiagnostic Journal 52.3 (2012): 233-249. Academic Search Premier. Web. 18 May 2014.
It should be noted that the findings of this report are limited by the current knowledge available. As such public awareness of sleep deprivation and the science of sleep must be raised so that sleeping disorders such as sleep deprivation may be completely understood and treated.
The Metell company made a toy called “Goodbye Fears Monsters”, the toy is designed to listen and respond to young children who have trouble falling asleep at night. The toy will interact with young children by allowing them to share their fears with them, that they might not feel comfortable sharing with anyone else, the GFM then assures them their fears will be eaten. The GFM will then record what the child shares and the recordings will be sent directly to the child’s parents via an app. The Metell company also promises to share the recordings, at no cost with child psychology researchers. This invention was developed in order for children and parents to sleep better at night, a lot of young children have trouble falling asleep at night because
Neurobiology is a theory that deals with the brain and your nerves. It determines if you are a left or right brain person. One of the theorists is named Roger Sperry. He was a very big neurobiologist. A disease that deals with this theory is ADD/ADHD.
This paper involves how the brain and neurons works. The target is to display the brain and neurons behavior by sending signals. The nervous system that sends it like a text message. This becomes clear on how we exam in the brain. The techniques show how the brain create in order for the nerves about 100 billion cells. Neurons in the brain may be the only fractions of an inch in length. How powerful the brain could be while controlling everything around in. When it’s sending it signals to different places, and the neurons have three types: afferent neurons, efferent neurons, and the interneurons. In humans we see the old part of emotions which we create memories plus our brain controls heart beating, and breathing. The cortex helps us do outside of the brain touch, feel, smell, and see. It’s also our human thinking cap which we plan our day or when we have to do something that particular day. Our neurons are like pin head. It’s important that we know how our brain and neurons play a big part in our body. There the one’s that control our motions, the way we see things. Each neuron has a job to communicate with other neurons by the brain working network among each cell. Neurons are almost like a forest where they sending chemical signals. Neurons link up but they don’t actually touch each other. The synapses separates there branches. They released 50 different neurons.
Most of the body’s functions such as, thinking, emotions, memories and so forth are controlled by the brain. It serves as a central nervous system in the human body. The mind is the intellect/consciousness that originates in the human brain and manifests itself in emotions, thoughts, perceptions and so forth. This means that the brain is the key interpreter of the mind’s content. Jackson and Nagel seem to resist identifying what we call “mental events” with brain events, for different reasons, while J.J.C. Smart takes the opposing view.
Kales, A. (1972). The evaluation and treatment of sleep disorders : Pharmacological and psychological studies. In M. Chase (ed.)The Sleeping Brain. Los Angeles : Brain Information Service.
...just being around a person that does can cause harm to a mother’s fetus. Women need to know that smoking can cause miscarriages, premature birth, and other damage to a baby. Before women that smoke decide to make the decision of getting pregnant, they should research all the harmful effects that smoking has on a fetus. If pregnant smokers were to halt tobacco use a total of 986 infant deaths would be averted annually. This validates the need for infusion of more resources into existing smoking cessation campaigns in order to achieve higher quit rates, and substantially diminish current levels of smoking-associated infant deaths (Salihu, Aliyu, Pierre-Louis, & Alexander, 2003). The only way a woman can avoid pregnancy complications associated with smoking is to quit and she should also avoid others who smoke in order to avoid the dangers of second hand smoke.
Sleep is an integral part of life, but differs from other states of reduced consciousness in that the brain is still somewhat active. Sleep is an “altered state of consciousness, [with the sleeper losing] substantial contact with the external world.” (Gazzaniga, M., & Heatherton, T., 2016). Nonetheless, brain activity has an extensive role in the creation of “sleep”, generating two distinct types - slow-wave sleep, also referred to as deep sleep, and rapid eye movement, also called the dreaming stage. Comprised of five stages, sleep is a complex state of mind, also consisting of patterns known as circadian rhythms. Operating as a behavior, sleep alters to suit our bodily needs, and informs us of such needs through an intricate network of nerves. Furthermore, without obtaining an ideal amount of sleep, problems can arise that may affect one’s wellbeing. Detailed research and studies previously conducted on the subject of sleep allows the accumulation of information to be
The human body is divided into many different parts called organs. All of the parts are controlled by an organ called the brain, which is located in the head. The brain weighs about 2. 75 pounds, and has a whitish-pink appearance. The brain is made up of many cells, and is the control centre of the body. The brain flashes messages out to all the other parts of the body.
Sleep and dreams have defined eras, cultures, and individuals. Sigmund Freud’s interpretation of dreams revolutionized twentieth-century thought. Historical archives record famous short sleepers and notable insomniacs—some accounts reliable, some not. When Benjamin Franklin counseled, “Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise,” he was using sleep habits to symbolize his pragmatism.
Sleep and Sleep Disorders. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 July 2013. Web. 7 May 2014. .