Theoretical Framework
Overview of a Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness Theory
The conceptual model guiding this paper is A Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness. The theory defines self-care as a process of maintaining health using health promoting practices and management of illness. It emphasizes that self-care should be performed in both healthy and ill states. In addition, the theory further emphasizes that it is imperative for every individual to engage in some level of self-care from day to day by making informed food choices and rational healthy living styles. An individual in stable condition can maintain health without the need of moving into illness care. However, after an ill and illness management
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Among Hispanic men without the condition, self-care can focus on self-improvement. However, in the case of chronic illness, many self-care maintenance behaviors should mirror the provider recommendations. These behaviors should be related to lifestyle including the preparation of health food and coping with stress or the medical regimen such as taking medication using the prescriptions provided. These activities can be imposed by others such as family members or health care professionals and then be agreed upon by Hispanic men with T2DM to meet their goals. Self-care maintenance can be beneficial in the sense that behavioral changes, vigilance in behavioral performance and regular evaluation help in maintaining healthy behavior which is necessary for staying healthy (Riegel et al., 2012). Additionally, adaptation is oftentimes required to accommodate the changing conditions. An essential component that should be adopted by Hispanic men with T2DM is adherence therapies which are evidence …show more content…
These could be as a result of treatment, illness or the environment. Those in self-care understand the meaning of changes and will be able to mentally simulate options and make informed decisions on a course of action. The other self-care management point among T2DM Hispanic men would be that the treatment indicated could require consultation with health care provider, basing on the messages provided to the patient by the provider regarding independent therapy modifications. More importantly, these individuals should be informed that self-care management needs attention to evaluate whether the approach can be tried again in future (Riegel et al., 2012). Situation awareness should be used to promote treatment evaluation through the facilitation of events’ perceptions, understanding meaning and status projection into the future. Using this context, situation awareness would entail T2DM Hispanic men being alert to bodily sensations and reliably determining how such sensations change in response to the implemented
Patient’s models of their illnesses share a common structure made up of beliefs about the cause of an illness, the symptoms that are part of the condition, the consequences of the illness for the patient’s life, how the illness is controlled or cured, and how long the illness will last. Illness perceptions change rapidly in response to diagnostic results and have been associated with emotional distress, recovery, and disability, as well as with treatment-related behaviour such as adherence.
Health Promotion Among the Hispanic Minority Health is determined in the nation by the minority health. "Approximately 36 percent of the population belongs to a racial or ethnic minority group" (CDC, 2015).One of these are the "Hispanics or Latinos are the largest racial/ethnic minority population in the United States" (CDC, 2015). "About 1 in 6 people living in the US are Hispanic" (CDC, 2015). Therefore, this student will make the comparison between the status of the health of Hispanic minority and the nations ,barriers of health behavior This paper will compare the health status of the Hispanic minority with the nations, barriers to health seeking behaviors, and methods of promoting health among this population. Status of Health Among Hispanic Minority "Heart disease and cancer in Hispanics are the two leading causes of death, accounting for about 2 of 5 deaths, which is about the same for whites" (CDC, 2015). "Hispanics have more deaths from diabetes and chronic liver disease than whites, and similar numbers of deaths from kidney disease" (CDC, 2015). Even though the percentage of Hispanics suffering from high blood pressure are17% in comparison to 20% of whites. Hispanics are 68% that suffered poorly controlled high blood pressure compare to whites which are 54%. Even though Health risks may vary among Hispanic subgroup and whether they are US born or not. Lower death rate is suffered by the Hispanic than whites .But Hispanic has about 50% higher death rate from diabetes. Many deaths may be prevented within the Hispanic population with an increase in education and health screening . Barriers to Health Promotion in the Hispanic Minority "Social factors may play a major role in Hispanic health" (CDC, 2015). According to the art...
The strategy being used is the use of the Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory in self-management of diabetes through specific patient education. Once the patient’s specific deficit(s) has been identified then the patient and their family can begin an education program on their disease process. Each patient will meet with their diabetic care coordinator and establish the following: an initial assessments, goal list, plan, implementation of the set plan, and
In order to understand health, different models or frameworks for thinking have been developed which have been useful. The Biomedical model which evolved since the 19th century from Galen’s (Greek physician 200AD) concept of pathogen, focused on removing the disease/disability and not on prevention or general well-being [9]. The Biopsychosocial model however, doesn’t merely focus on the physical state of the body but recognizes the human being as a complex organism and health as an interaction between the physical/body/biological, mind/psychological and environment/sociological. This model was introduced by George Engel (1977).
There are many ways to categorize illness and disease; one of the most common is chronic illness. Many chronic illnesses have been related to altered health maintenance hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are associated with diet and stress, deficient in exercise, tobacco use, and obesity (Craven 2009). Some researchers define the chronic illness as diseases which have long duration and generally slow development (WHO 2013); it usually takes 6 month or longer than 6 month, and often for the person's life. It has a sluggish onset and eras of reduction for vanishing the symptoms and exacerbation for reappear the symptoms. Some of chronic illness can be directly life-threatening. Others remain over time and need intensive management, such as diabetes, so chronic illness affects physical, emotional, logical, occupational, social, or spiritual functioning. Chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, all of these diseases are the cause of mortality in the world, representing 63% of all deaths. So a chronic illness can be stressful and may change the way a person l...
If there is a deficiency in their ability to be their own agent of care, they pursue healthcare (Shelly & Miller, p. 46). Additionally, in terms of environment, the book describes that the theory looks at how a person’s city, home, country, genetics, stressors, and chemicals enhance or limit their ability to provide self-care. According to the theory, health considers how a person’s mental, physical, or social well-being enables or keeps them from providing self-care (Shelly & Miller, 2006, p. 46). Lastly, as the book discusses, in terms of this theory, nursing develops interventions around helping persons become their own agents of
One major aspect of the self-care deficit theory is that patients need to know about their health problems in order to become responsible for their health. Orem believed one way of helping a patient reach his/her self-care goal is through teaching. Her theory is the framework behind nursing action to provide patient education in a comfortable and supportive setting (Bernier, 2002.) Through this model we see that patient education is vital to nursing. Orem’s work helps nurses understand the goal of nursing and lays the foundation to achieving it by patient education and other
... the context of chronic illness: a family health promoting process. Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronis Illness 3, (3), 283-92.
The notion of health is contextual and an interactive, dynamic process between person and environment (Schim et al, 2007). Both wellness and illness are conceptualized by the ‘person’, existing on a continuum across the lifespan (Arnold & Boggs, 2001).
Dorothea Orem considered one of the foremost nursing theorists according to (currentnursing.com) was born in 1914 in Baltimore MD. She earned her diploma in nursing from Providence Hospital School of nursing located in Washington DC around the 1930’s. She then moved forward earning a bachelor’s in education from and Masters in Education from catholic University in Washington DC. She eventually attained an Honorary Doctorates: Doctor of Science from Georgetown University (1976) and Incarnate Word College in San Antonio, Texas (1980); Doctor of Humane Letters from Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, Illinois (1988); Doctor Honoris Causae, University of Missouri-Columbia 1998 (www.nursesinfo.com). Dorothea Orem formal idea in nursing concepts of practice was published in 1971, then in 1980 and finally in 1985. Dorothea Orem worked for the division of hospital and institutional services of the Indiana state of health from 1949-1957. During this time she had a goal to upgrade the quality of nursing in general hospitals throughout the state. It was also during this time she created her definition of nursing practice. She also worked for the US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare where she helped published Guidelines for Developing Curricula for the Education of Practical Nurses" in 1959. Dorothea Orem later on served as acting dean of the school of nursing and as an assistant professor of nursing education at the Catholic University of America in 1959, where she continued to expatiate on her concept of nursing and self care.
The purpose of this paper is to present my beliefs about health and wellness. There are many factors that contribute to good health and wellness; to me, the word health means that your body is without injury or illness. If the word health has to do with the three dimensional body, then wellness, therefore, is the state of being in which a body is in. Wellness is an ongoing quest of reaching your best health. I believe that there are many factors that contribute to wellness, such as, physical, mental, spiritual, and emotional states. In order to be in the best health possible, these factors of wellness must balance out. The meanings of these two words are both very important to me.
Orem’s theory is significate in that it shows that all patients want to care for themselves, making recovery more quickly, preforming their own self-cares as much as they can. Assessing the universal, developmental, and health deviation requisites ensures that each patient is receiving individual cares and achieving patient appropriate outcomes. Orem’s theory utilize the assessment, diagnosis, implementation, and evaluation that is used in all health care settings to promote health maintenance. Although there are many theories that have influenced the nursing process, Orem’s self-care theory is straight forward but generalized enough to apply to a wide variety of
One of the theories of nursing is Dorothea Orem’s self-care theory, also called the self-care deficit theory. Nursing theories are important for several reasons. The profession is strengthened when knowledge is built on sound theory (Black, 2014). Theory is important for reasoning, thinking, decision-making, and supporting excellence in practice (Black, 2014). Dorothea Orem’s theory is a conceptual model that provides a structure for critical thinking in the nursing process (Black, 2014). A conceptual model provides a comprehensive and holistic perspective of nursing (Black, 2014). Orem published her theory in 1959 and continued to develop her model, eventually formalizing three interrelated theories: theory of self-care, theory of self-care deficit, and theory of nursing system (Black, 2014). The focus of Orem’s model is the patient’s self-care capacity. The process helps to design a nursing process specific to each patient that will provide for the self-care deficit of the patient (Black, 2014). Self-care deficits exist when the patient has limitations and the self-care requirement is greater than he patient’s capacity (Manzini & Simonetti, 2009).
The practical knowledge that nurses employ to help individuals who cannot perform self-care to sustain their daily activities stems from science. Self-care is engaged in results seeking behaviour to regulate human function such as knowing body fluid balance to meet self-care requirement (Denyes 2001). Moreover, Orem (1980, p.14) urges that nurses must keep exercising and growing scientific based knowledge for practice. Orem (1980, p.6) believes that nursing is a human service, an action that is needed to overcome human limitations. The philosophy underlying the nursing actions is humanism. Based on these values, her self-care framework have been established to explore the philosophy of nursing (art), what is nursing, why people need nursing and what goals nursing wants to achieve
The Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing impacts modern health as well as nursing more so than expected during its creation and evolution. The Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2001) demanded the need for health care to shift from acute care setting management of disease. Consequently, today’s nursing profession is in the midst of a paradigm shift, as it redirects its attention towards patient centered care, disease prevention and wellness promotion, which is a direct reflection of the nursing systems concept which is embedded within the Self-Care Deficit