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Literature review of malaria prevention
Malaria prevention and control 6230.2
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Comparison of Nigeria and Malawi
Malaria is among one of the most prevalent diseases attacking and showing little to no mercy to those who fall victim. This life threatening disease is spread from person to person, proving to be the most challenging especially amongst underdeveloped countries. However, it is one of the largest diseases worldwide. Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite amongst one of the species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans. This lethal infectious disease is transmitted by a parasitic infection spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes. Pregnant women infected by Malaria undergo various other health complications such as inheriting low birthweight is estimated to result in 100,000 infant deaths in Africa. Anemia,
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The most common vectors in Malawi are the Anopheles gambiae, A. funestus, and A. arabiensis. In comparison to Malawi Nigeria is also a high endemic country for malaria. In Nigeria malaria transmitted throughout the whole year due to its distinct rainy and dry seasons. Progress in Malaria prevalence in both countries have been made, however, in Malawi a little less than half of outpatient visits are due to malaria and correspondingly in Nigeria the disease reportedly accounts for over half, estimated 60% of outpatient hospital visits. Pregnant women are still subject to vulnerability in both …show more content…
Steps to reach this goal varied from standardized IPTp doses of SP to sleeping under an ITN. Targets specifically in Malaria have been elevated from 60% to 80%. Malawi’s current status in 2010 60.3% of pregnant women had access to and received two or more doses of IPTp for malaria prevention. 49.9% of their women slept under an ITN. Correspondingly in Nigeria efforts were also made to prevent the spread of malaria in pregnant women and others. They adapted the artemisinin combination therapy (ACT), which is a first line drug treatment in malaria endemic regions. In addition to ACT they also made use of long lasting insecticide nets (LLIN), intermittent prevention treatment (IPT) for pregnant women. Complementary community-directed intervention (CDI) programs were created in Nigeria to utilize by each village to deliver ITNs and IPTp drugs as well as basic counseling services to pregnant
Malawi is one of the world’s poorest countries, ranking 160th out of 182 countries on the Human Development Index. Malawi has extremely low life expectancy and high infant mortality which couldn’t be controlled yet. It’s one of least developed nations in the world; however, some of improvements have
The story of drug-resistant malaria in Cambodia is significant because people in other countries could be affected and must be aware of the fact that it is becoming immune to the most powerful drugs used to fight it. So many people have died from this deadly disease and so many are dying from it already, so many more are at risk and they must be aware.
Onwujekwe , Chima, and Okonkwo (2000) showed that the average expenditure of each household per month on malaria treatment was $1.84, which accounted for 49.87% of curative health care costs incurred by the households. In a similar study, Russell (2004) found that direct malaria cost burden was 2.9% of household income per month. Studies in Africa also showed that indirect cost based on travel time, lost labour time for adults with malaria attack or those who have to stay off work to care for children among others, make up more than 75% of total household malaria costs. Malaria tends to reduce education funds capability and has effects on school attendance (Malaney, Spielman, & Sachs,
For several years, I have had an interest in virology and the spread and characteristics of various infectious diseases. Though it makes sense not to possibly induce a state of panic by informing individuals of illnesses that are not native to the area they live in and that they are not likely to contract, I have always liked to remain informed out of my own curiosity and interest. Thus, I have decided to write about malaria.
It is projected that nearly 200 million people across the globe are infected with this disease (Stevens, 2008). Notably, the diseases are most prevalent in young people living in underdeveloped countries of Africa. Also, it is specifically targeting poor African American women and poor communities of certain parts of Asia. This is one of the neglected diseases despite it being associated with increased risk for premature deliveries and HIV-infections, which should increase concern. This is an area that does not only call for great attention, but also requires an extensive and thorough
Nearly half a billion people are infected with malaria each year and more than a million people die from this disease. Malaria is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with malaria parasites. When the parasites enter the human body, it slowly destroys the body’s red blood cells, eventually killing the patient if left without undergoing immediate treatment (Stanmeyer 2007). One of the means employed to counter the spread of malaria is through the use of DDT as an insecticide to kill the mosquitoes before they are able to infect more people.
Malaria is a disease that is caused by parasites. It is transferred from one person to another by the infected female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria has been a serious health problem nowadays. WHO has provided the information that approximately 660,000 people died from malaria globally during 2010. Also, after estimating, there are 219 million cases of malaria infection in 2010 worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, being one the country that has the high rate of HIV, AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis, had 90% of the people that...
Nigeria was colonized by the world leader at the time; Britain, and was claimed as a colony in 1914. Although both Britain and the Royal Niger Company had been claiming parts of Nigeria as a protectorate, their control over Nigeria was achieved through both peace treaties and military actions. Europe didn’t officially recognize Britain’s control over Nigeria until after the Berlin Conference which gave Britain full right to Nigeria, and Britain hastened to forcefully control the area after civil war in Nigeria over the slave-trade threatened to disrupt their interests. Britain was interested in the palm-oil trade of Nigeria, which was controlled by The Royal Niger Company along the Niger river. Once Britain claimed Nigeria, it set about
Imperialism Research Paper Colonized people from various parts of the world suffered greatly due to the repercussions of Imperialism. European powers thrived off of these countries by exploiting and stealing their resources. The legacy of imperialism includes government struggles in Nigeria, wars in Southern Africa, and the loss of freedoms in India.
There are over four hundred and thirty Anopheles species and only 30 to 40 of these transmit malaria (CDC, 2016). Malaria is spread by the different Anopheles species depending on the area and the environment.
Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than any other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five hundred million adults and children (around nine percent of the world’s population) contract the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the world’s cases occur and where eighty percent of the cases are treated at home, one in twenty children die of the disease before they reach the age of five. Pregnant women are also more vulnerable to disease and in certain parts of Africa, they are four times as likely to contract the disease and only half as likely to survive it.
...at researchers are doing to try to eradicate malaria in underdeveloped countries such as Africa.
Nigeria is a developing country in West Africa that was colonized by the British in 1884 at the Berlin conference where Africa was divided by European powers (Graham 2009). The British wanted to expand their empire, which meant taking over other countries that had resources that they wanted, and would allow them to expand their trade market and economy. One of the colonies that British colonized was Colonial Nigeria, which was forced to participate in the slave trade in the past and was controlled by the British through the set up of trading posts and selling manufactured goods. The British split Nigeria into the north and the south regions (Temple 1912). The Southern and Northern Nigeria Protectorates controlled these two regions. The Protectorates
Corruption can be defined as the use of entrusted power to accumulate public wealthy for personal benefit. Corruption is not peculiar to any country, continent or state; it is sure a global issue which is an endemic to all government all over the world. However, corruption is prevalent in the Niger delta region of Nigeria; public officers in this oil producing state of Nigeria are corrupt. Consequently, it has defied the Niger delta from developing politically and economically which has left the states reputation in a mess. Radicalization of youths, abject poverty and -political instability are the three leading effects of corruption in the Niger delta region of Nigeria.
Several religions coexist in Nigeria, helping to accentuate regional and ethnic distinctions (Kane 86). Religion is often times the source of customs, culture, happiness and wars: it influences nearly every facet of our life. In Nigeria, the main religions are Christianity, paganism, and Islam. Christianity began to spread in the 19th century and has continued to spread up through the 21st century. The major spread of the Christian church in Nigeria is clearly credited to the independent churches of the Nigerian people.