Drug-Resistant Malaria in Cambodia
What kills more than two thousand children a day could potentially spread around the world. All of the most effective drugs used on this disease in the last evades have gradually been rendered useless by its ability to evolve and develop. It is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are spread to people through the bites of infected Mosquitos. The most deadly of this disease lies in Cambodia. This deadly and drug-resistant disease is malaria. The story of drug-resistant malaria in Cambodia is significant because people in other countries could be affected and must be aware of the fact that it is becoming immune to the most powerful drugs used to fight it.
The reasons why Western Cambodia is a big place for drug-resistance are unknown. The falciparith parasite that lies in Cambodia is one of the four types of malaria and is the most deadly. Through a Mosquito, it enters the bloodstream and after 2 weeks of incubating, it multiplies and takes over red blood cells. Because of its ability to evolve and widespread use of the best drug used to fight it, it is becoming drug-resistant. "The population structure of the resistant parasites in the region is 'strikingly different' to other countries." "It is as if there are different ethnic groups of artemisinin-resistant parasites inhabiting in the same region." Increased efforts are needed to prevent the malaria from spreading around the world.
If this malaria is left untreated, the infected cells can block blood vessels and fatally cut off blood supply to vital organs. This disease kills around 600,000 people each year. Artemisinin is the first line of defence against the malaria and the malaria is becoming immune to this drug. To protect aga...
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... develop resistance. This means that this disease will most likely be around for a long period of time, as the drugs developed will eventually become useless. Resistance to malaria drugs is a natural consequence of widespread use of the drug. This means that the drugs should not be used often, but if it spreads, they will have to be used more. To protect against this, the global authorities are trying to assure that the best drug used to fight it is only sold as a combination pill with other anti-malaria medicines.
The story of drug-resistant malaria in Cambodia is significant because people in other countries could be affected and must be aware of the fact that it is becoming immune to the most powerful drugs used to fight it. So many people have died from this deadly disease and so many are dying from it already, so many more are at risk and they must be aware.
Mongolia was the largest contiguous land empire in human history. It existed in the 13th and 14th centuries, however its traditions and influences can be found all throughout the world today. The Mongolian Empire was due to the unification of the Mongol and Turkic tribes under the rule of Genghis Khan in 1206. This paramount empire connected the east and west using Pax Mongolica which allowed trade all throughout Eurasia. However, the Mongolian Empire’s importance did not die with the fall of the Empire in 1368, but the vital influences remain significant even today.
The Mongol Empire was a very powerful which conquered more land in two years than the Romans did in 400 years. Also, they controlled more than eleven million square miles. The Mongols were very important because they created nations like Russia and Korea, smashed the feudal system and created international law, and created the first free trade zone. In the beginning of the Mongol Empire, they mostly lived in foothills bordering the Siberian forests mixing heroing and hunting. They also became really good at archery and riding horses. The main reason the Mongols came to be so powerful was all because of a man named Genghis Kahn. Genghis was born around 1162 with the name Temujin. Due to the death of his father, Temujin was left under the control of his older brothers. Soon enough, he was married to a woman named Borte. Borte was later kidnapped, in which Temujin proved his military skills when saving her. Not to long after this, Temujin became the leader of his tribe. Yet, to unite the Mongol confederations it required a civil war, which Temijun ended up winning. After proving his skills and loyalty, Temijun was declared the Gr...
Before the Mongols began to attack Eurasian civilizations in the 1200s, China, Russia, and Persia had developed advanced societies. The Mongols desired power and wealth, and wanted to advance their society. They sometimes attempted to achieve this power and wealth using brutality, but they were not as barbaric as some historians would conclude. There were many positive aspects of their actions. The Mongols were a civilized society because they had an organized military form of warfare, they incorporated early forms of writing, communication, and religious tolerance, and they had key trading partners throughout the region which allowed international trade to safely develop.
The speed of expansion and success of the Mongol Empire is a result of their strategic actions and sophisticated ideology shown through brilliant and aforethought military strategies, the encouragement of commerce, and acceptance for other religions and cultures, which are all attributes not inherently barbaric. The Mongols had an incredibly disciplined army which was unrivaled for most of the empire’s reign. As shown in Document 1, Genghis Khan, the first Khan of the Mongol Empire, conquered 4,860,000 square miles, which is larger than the continental United States today (Document 1). Conquering such a vast amount of land is a feat only possible with an army created around order and unity, two attributes never found in barbaric societies.
By the start of the 13th century, Genghis Khan unified all the clans of the Mongol. Genghis Khan has bestowed the mandate to subjugate the un-submitted peoples of all people. Consequently, the once isolated population of migration started to interact with people of different cultures. The Mongol conquest of China allowed them to control the trade routes. By 1279, the Mongol’s influence had spread to the eastern shores of China and Eastern Europe with the entire trade route under their control. As the Mongol
The Mongol invasions were a very bloody and interesting time., While the Turks were in a constant state combat with each other, the Mongols first arrived in the Middle East in the early thirteenth century. (Mckay. 245) They were a very conquest driven and combat focused people, on par with the Turks in regards to combat prowess. The individual known as Chinggis Khan would bring about a change that no one would anticipate. In this discussion, will be the explanation of Chinggis Khan and his expansion of the control his empire with his successors.
For several years, I have had an interest in virology and the spread and characteristics of various infectious diseases. Though it makes sense not to possibly induce a state of panic by informing individuals of illnesses that are not native to the area they live in and that they are not likely to contract, I have always liked to remain informed out of my own curiosity and interest. Thus, I have decided to write about malaria.
First, we are going to talk about what does drug resistance exactly means. Drug resistance is when the effectiveness of the medicine that has been used to treat the infection is reduced. According to the WHO (World health organization), drug resistance occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change into different ways in order to render the medications that were used to cure infections that they have caused and make it ineffective. Drug resistance has been a major health problem since the 1990’s (1), because of the occurring of different kinds of drug resistance, it makes it even harder to treat all the different kinds of infections or microorganisms. Thus, because of drug resistances it makes it even harder to find new treatments to cure diseases and infections.
In likeness to Aids, the malaria virus can be in your body for up to
Malaria kills over 3000 children ever-single day 12. This statistic illustrates the tragic outcome that is associated with this devastating disease. In the United States, we fail to completely understand the gravity of Malaria because it is not relevant in our daily lives. The same cannot be said of other nations around the world that are still considered high-risk areas. Sub-Saharan Africa is widely known to bears the greatest mortality rate at the hands of this fatal infection 12. Despite constant efforts to fight malaria, several economic, social, and biological factors have hindered its eradication.
Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than any other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five hundred million adults and children (around nine percent of the world’s population) contract the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the world’s cases occur and where eighty percent of the cases are treated at home, one in twenty children die of the disease before they reach the age of five. Pregnant women are also more vulnerable to disease and in certain parts of Africa, they are four times as likely to contract the disease and only half as likely to survive it.
Throughout the Post-classical Era in ancient history, many different civilizations coexisted throughout much of the known world at the time. A plethora of the ruling empires during that time had text-book worthy advancements and its own fair share of conflict, however none would create such an impact on all parts of the world much like the Mongols did. The Mongols, originally a nomadic group which settled on the steppes of Central Asia, began the largest conquest recorded in history during the 13th century. At the end of their reign, the Mongols had acquired a massive area of territory stretching between continents and also they also gained the reputation as barbarians. A loose way to think of barbarians would be that they are uncivilized people with lack of culture, respect, and standard morals. Although many could argue that the Mongols were complete barbarians due to how cruel their military tactics were, the Mongols were in fact completely civilized because of their contribution to innovations which improved trading and the revival of laws that helped to create better living conditions for civilians with ideas of tolerance and safety. Overall, the Mongols rebuilt a foundation of peace and stability to the areas it conquered.
Depending on the number of parasites and the type of parasites, the type of malaria can now be determined. Antimalarials with specific infectivity suppressive action such as derivatives of artemisinin and primaquine can be prescribed to reduce malaria transmission at all intensities. For falciparum malaria, which is very lethal, the patient should be referred to a larger facility for aggressive therapy as well as parenteral antimalarials or quinine derivative malaria drugs and supportive care (Bloland & Williams, 2003, p. 57).
The Mongols are well known in history as the largest contiguous empire in human history. At the Empire 's height, the Mongols occupied 11 to 12 million contiguous square miles and Genghis Khan, the ruler of the Mongols, liberated the people of the land he conquered. With all of the land Genghis Khan had acquired, trade flow was crucial to the survival of the Mongols. As of with great powers, they fall as quickly as they rise. Following the death of Genghis Khan in 1227, unrest within the Empire grew. The end of the great Mongolian Empire was slow, but eventually it fell to its lowest by the early 14th century. The Mongols rose under a great Khan, who conquered most of what became the Mongolian Empire. After his death the leaders of the Mongol
...at researchers are doing to try to eradicate malaria in underdeveloped countries such as Africa.