Investigate how the concentration of hydrochloric acid effects the rate at which it reacts with calcium carbonate
Investigation
Plan
Aim
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Investigate how increasing the concentration of the solution hydrochloric acid effects and alters the rate at which it reacts with marble chip, calcium carbonate.
Rate of reaction is affected by six main factors
* Temperature
* Surface area of a solid
* Concentration of a solution
* Pressure of a gas
* By using catalysts
* Using biological catalysts called Enzymes
As outlined above the rate of a reaction increases when temperature increases, the concentration of dissolved reactants increases, the pressure of gases increases, solid reactants are in smaller pieces and of greater surface area and also if a catalyst is used.
For this experiment I have been asked to pay particular attention to the factor CONCENTRATION, and the ways in which it affects the rate at which a reaction takes place.
We can measure the rate of reaction by measuring the time at which the products of the reaction are produced or the reactants used up and there are a few different ways of doing this such as:
By measuring gas volume
Here the marble chips and dilute hydrochloric acid are put in a conical flask. This is connected to a gas syringe, which collects and measures the volume of gas formed. At regular time intervals a measurement is then taken of the volume of gas collected.
Another way to measure the volume of gas produced is to displace water from a measuring cylinder as per diagram below.
We can also measure the rate of reaction by measuring mass loss here when a gas is lost the mass decreases, which can be measured by placing the flask on a balance.
The last way is to note how long it takes for a precipitate to form such as in the chemical reaction "the thiosulphate reaction".
I conducted a preliminary experiment and from this determined that the most reliable and accurate way to measure the release of carbon dioxide gas would be by using a measuring cylinder to see the displacement of water and therefore determining how much carbon dioxide has been produced.
Hypothesis
I predict that as time increases so will the amount of carbon dioxide produced however throughout the experiment the rate of reaction will slow because as time increases there will be less and less un-reacted particles present to take part in fruitful collisions and result in carbon dioxide water and calcium chloride being formed, this means that the time between fruitful collisions will increase because a particle will take longer to find another un-reacted particle with enough activation energy to collide and react with.
I hypothesise that as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid
This can be done by first finding the products of the chemical reactions, which are found by swapping the anions on each reactant. Once this is done, predictions can be made. The table above, describes the solubility rules, these are used to decide whether a compound will be soluble, and then consequently to this reveal a precipitate. Barium sulfate for example is insoluble and if it was to be mixed with an aqueous compound, barium sulfate would be the precipitate. This is an example of how a prediction can be made, without physically viewing the experiment or given the results. It is also a way of identifying what the precipitate is once the experiment has been
Investigating the Rate of Reaction Between Marble Chips and Hydrochloric Acid I am investigating the rate of reaction between marble chips (calcium
8. Continue stirring. Record the temperature at which crystals begin to appear in the solution.
Experiment is to investigate the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate Þ Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon Dioxide 2HCl (aq) CaCo3 (s) CaCl2(s) H2O (aq) CO2 (g) There are a number of variables in this experiment and these are listed below as input variables and outcome variables.
The rate at which Alka-Seltzer tablets reacts with water Statement of problem The aim of the experiment is to find out the rate at which Alka-Seltzer tablets react with water. The input variable that I will change is temperature. The output variable will be measured by the time it takes for the Alka-Seltzer tablets to dissolve.
The aim is to find out if changing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution has an effect on the time taken for the reaction. The reaction that will take place is: Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate + Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide 2HCl (aq) + CaCo3 (s) CaCL2 (aq) + H2O + CO2 (g). Collision theory - Collisions between reactant particles are needed. for the reaction to take place in order to form a product.
The Arrhenius equation ln k = ln A – (Ea / RT) can be shown
The Effect of Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium
Rate of Reaction Between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Plan: In my experiment I will measure the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. The rate of the reaction is the speed that the reaction takes place so by measuring the rate I will measure the amount of time the reaction takes. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that is found in digestive juices in the stomach, it is also used for cleaning metals before they are coated. Calcium carbonate has a few forms including chalk and limestone the main use of these two materials is in the making of concrete, which is used for many things such as buildings. When you put calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid together they react to form calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.
from 10cm to 50cm to make it easier to see the difference in a graph.
The Effect of Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction with Magnesium Aim: To investigate the effect of concentration of hydrochloric acid on the rate of reaction with magnesium Prediction: As the concentration of the hydrochloric acid increases, so will the rate of reaction Hypothesis: In a reaction, particles of two different reactants react together to form a product. The reaction only takes place on account of two things, if the particles collide, and if the collision has enough 'activation energy'. The two reactant particles, in this case magnesium particles and hydrochloric acid particles, must collide with each other on the correct 'collision course'. If this does not occur then no chemical reaction will take place. The reaction must also have enough energy, this can be affected by temperature, the more heat the particles have the faster they move and so the more energy therefore more chance of successful collisions.
Controlled variables: Using the same quantity of magnesium and the same concentration of hydrochloric acid. Aim and Purpose The aim and purpose of this experiment is to investigate if the temperature of HCL will affect the rate of reaction between HCL and magnesium. Research Question How does the temperature of hydrochloric acid affect the rate of reaction it has with magnesium? Hypothesis As the temperature of the hydrochloric acid increases, so will the rate of the reaction.
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Calcium Carbonate
An investigation into how changing one variable influences the rate of reaction between marble chips and dilute Hydrochloric acid
Rate of Reaction - Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid. Aim Investigation, to find out how the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid is affected by changing the concentration. Introduction I must produce a piece of coursework investigating the rate of reaction, and the effect different changes have on them. The rate of reaction is the rate of loss of a reactant, or the rate of development of a product during a chemical reaction. It is measured by dividing 1 by the time taken for the reaction to take place.