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The key elements of effective communication
The key elements of effective communication
Effective communication fundamentals
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Effective Communication Case Study - Tylenol In the fall of 1982, after taking Extra-Strength Tylenol laced with cyanide, seven people were pronounced dead. Mary Kellerman 12 years old from Elk Grove, Illinois, Adam Janus 27 years old from Arlington Heights, Illinois, Adam's brother Stanley, 25, and his wife Theresa, 19, Mary Reiner, 27, from Winfield, Paula Prince, 35, found dead in her Chicago apartment, and Mary McFarland, 31, from Elmhurst, Illinois were all killed after taking the cyanide-laced Tylenol. The causes of these deaths were not known right away, and it was only after two off-duty fireman, Philip Cappitelli and Richard Keyworth, were exchanging information did they realize that Tylenol was a mentioned in two of the reports (Tift, 1982). The Tylenol bottles were gathered up and tested after the two firemen told their superiors about their assumptions. Testing revealed that the Tylenol in question contained 65 milligrams of cyanide, the amount needed to kill a person is five to seven micrograms. Once this was known, the country was warned about the danger of taking Tylenol, and police drove through Chicago announcing the warning over loudspeakers. All three major television networks ran stories on the dangers of Tylenol and the connections to the seven deaths. The Food and Drug Administration even warned the country not to take Tylenol (Kowalski, 1999). With this type of problem on Johnson & Johnson's hands, the company needed to act quickly. The company needed to effectively address both internal and external publics.
Economic responsibility requires a company to remain profitable in order to appease stakeholders and risk management and sound business practices play a large role in acceptable economic responsibility. Johnson and Johnson may have tried too hard to increase its profits, which resulted in mediocre production rather than timely inspection to ensure the products are safe for distribution. A halt in production may decrease profits temporarily, but in the long run, products distributed will be safer and revenue would resume to a normal amount. Instead, trying to be profitable and avoid loss in the short run made Johnson and Johnson less profitable in the long run. Failure in legal responsibility may have caused Johnson and Johnson to fail. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates drug distribution and has several criteria to pass in order to allow Johnson and Johnson to administer its premier medicines such as Tylenol. Not adhering to those laws allowed the distribution of unsafe medicines, subsequently leading to recalls and damaging the company financially. Johnson and Johnson tried covering up prior recalls of Motrin by hiring contractors to buy every packet (Kimes). Ethical responsibility requires companies do not perform questionable practices such as that described. The secret recall bought attention to Johnson and Johnson that it makes shoddy products out of the public’s view, which is wrong on many ethical bases. In the recent occurrence with Tylenol, Johnson and Johnson slacked on its labeling and tarnished the company’s
In October of 1982, Tylenol, the leading pain-killer in the United States at the time faced a crisis. Seven people in Chicago were reported dead after taking Tylenol. 12-year-old Mary Kellerdman of Elk Grove Village, Illinois, Adam Janus of Arlington Heights, Illinois, his brother Stanley Janus, and his wife Theresa Janus, Mary Reiner of Winfield, Paula Price, and Mary McFarland of Elmhurst Illinois was the last victim of the cyanide-laced Tylenol capsules. This happened bﴱᄃecause there was Extra-Strength Tylenol capsules that had been distributed and tampered with. The capsules contained 65 milligrams of cyanide. The amount necessary to kill a human is five to seven micrograms, which means that the person used 10,000 times more poison that what was needed.. The tampering had occurred when the products reached the shelves. The connection between the deaths and the Tylenol was discovered within days by two off-duty firemen who were listing to their police radios. Phillip Cappitelli and Richard Keyworth were the men to make the connection and tell there superiors.
In January 2009, FBI agents searched the home of James Lewis, a suspect accused of the 7 tylenol deaths in Chicago in 1982. 25 years earlier, police investigators were unable to link the murders to James lewis, however, they now claim to have seized a number of items that can prove his connection with the murders. The tylenol killings took place between September 29 and 30 in 1982. All the victims had taken tylenol capsules that were contaminated with a substance known as potassium cyanid. Later on, several more deaths occurred in copycat crimes, which were influenced by the Chicago murders.
In 1906, the Pure Food and Drug Act, that was years in the making was finally passed under President Roosevelt. This law reflected a sea change in medicine-- an unprecedented wave of regulations. No longer could drug companies have a secret formula and hide potentially toxic substances such as heroin under their patent. The law required drug companies to specify the ingredients of medications on the label. It also regulated the purity and dosage of substances. Not by mere coincidence was the law passed only about five years after Bayer, a German based drug company began selling the morphine derivative, heroin. Thought to be a safe, non-habit forming alternative to morphine, heroin quickly became the “cure-all drug” that was used to treat anything from coughs to restlessness. Yet, just as quickly as it became a household staple, many began to question the innocence of the substance. While the 1906 law had inherent weaknesses, it signaled the beginning of the end for “cure-all” drugs, such as opiate-filled “soothing syrups” that were used for infants. By tracing and evaluating various reports by doctors and investigative journalists on the medical use of heroin, it is clear that the desire for this legislative measure developed from an offshoot in the medical community-- a transformation that took doctors out from behind the curtain, and brought the public into a new era of awareness.
Remedies that were once used to treat diseases and utilities that could be used to build a house were starting to be turned into deadly, easily accessed, weapons. Prior to the 1920’s, murderers who killed using poison could get away with the death being ruled “by natural causes”, but after, skilled toxicologists re-innovated the procedures medical examiners perform when ruling a cause of death. After technology has advanced, killers who picked their poison (literally) were not able to get away with it as easily. An average person may think it’s more difficult to track down a lethal poisoner, let alone rule the cause of death a poisoning; however, it’s just like any other homicide.
In August of 2001 Robert Ray Courtney was arrested in Kansas City, Missouri and charged with diluting drugs used to treat cancer patients. Courtney’s actions not only violated criminal and civil laws but they shattered the ethical code and the oath he took as a licensed pharmacist. His actions left many people wondering why anyone would commit such a horrible act, let alone a trusted pharmacist who was providing medication to patients whose very lives depended on him doing his job.
Possible hidden messages in the amino acid codes seemed to authorities like possible doings of Ivins, and he was resultantly placed under watch. Authorities found a copy of a book on amino acids in Ivins’ trash, further incriminating him. Charges were placed against him, but however, on July 27th, 2008, Ivins died in the hospital, after intentionally overdosing on Paracetamol, an over-the-counter pain reliever, in what the authorities believed to be an attempt to avoid his charges. The authorities had lost their strongest suspect, and the investigation began to dwindle. The investigation included over ten thousand witnesses, spanning six continents. 1 year and 6 months later, the investigation was forma...
Effective communication between patient and clinician is an important aspect to patient care. Proper communication has a direct positive impact on patient care and adversely poor communication has a direct negative impact on patient care. I will define the seven principles of patient-clinician communication and how I apply these communications with my patients. I will also describe the three methods currently being used to improve interdisciplinary communication and the one method that my area of practice currently uses. Then, I will explain the ethical principles that can be applied to issues in patient-clinician communication. And Lastly, the importance of ethics in communication and how patient safety is influenced by good or bad team communication.
Fatal complications occur from regular use, for example, liver damage, seizures, elevated blood pressure causing stroke, heart failure, or heart attack. Another growing fad in the United States is the abuse of prescription drugs. The abuse is being done by not only adults, but by teens. The most current trend today is the misuse of cough syrups and prescription medications to produce a “high.” Other medications abused today are stimulants (Ritalin), and benzodiazepines (Xanax).
Many people throughout the world visit the United States every year to receive medical treatment. This is due to our excellent pharmaceutical industry as it spends million of dollars and many hours of research to come up with what we can only describe as “miracle” drugs and treatments. Part of the success of many of these medications is because the pharmaceutical industry is highly regulated by policies that protect the public from accessing drugs that have not been fully tested and found to be “safe”. However, this was not the case until the late 1990s and early 2000s. One time in history that highly influenced the strict regulations we currently have was the nationwide contamination of patients through blood transfusion or by consuming medications
The rate of death due to prescription drug abuse in the U.S. has escalated 313 percent over the past decade. According to the Congressional Quarterly Transcription’s article "Rep. Joe Pitt Holds a Hearing on Prescription Drug Abuse," opioid prescription drugs were involved in 16,650 overdose-caused deaths in 2010, accounting for more deaths than from overdoses of heroin and cocaine. Prescribed drugs or painkillers sometimes "condemn a patient to lifelong addiction," according to Dr. Tom Frieden, director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This problem not only affects the lives of those who overdose but it affects the communities as well due to the convenience of being able to find these items in drug stores and such. Not to mention the fact that the doctors who prescribe these opioids often tend to misuse them as well. Abusing these prescribed drugs can “destroy dreams and abort great destinies," and end the possibility of the abuser to have a positive impact in the community.
State the purpose of the paper and an overview of what will be covered in the introduction. Tylenol's 1982 ordeal has become a classic example of successful crisis management. Johnson & Johnson faced a major crisis when their leading pain-killer medicine, extra-strength Tylenol, was found to have caused the fatalities of seven people in Chicago, Illinois. It was reported that unknown suspects took the product off store shelves, tampered it with deadly cyanide and returned it to the shelves. As a result, seven people died and consumers lost confidence and panicked over hearing the news of the incident.
their dispatch of customer orders are promptly and accurately. We can see this with this case when they timely started the removal of contaminated products ( Tylen...
Unfortunate events have catalysed the development of medicines regulation more than the evolution of a knowledge base. In 1937 the death of over 100 people in the United States by using a Sulfanilamide elixir is one such event.
Communication is one of the most important factors in our lives. It dictates the relationships formed with the individuals in personal and professional lives. Effective communication provides a foundation for trust and respect to grow. It also helps better understand a person and the context of the conversation. Individuals often believe that their communication skills are much better than what they actually are. Communication appears effortless; however, much of what two people discuss gets misunderstood, thus leading to conflicts and distress. To communicate effectively, one must understand the emotion behind the information being said. Knowing how to communicate effectively can improve relationships one has at home, work and in social affairs. Understanding communication skills such as; listening, non-verbal communication and managing stress can help better the relationships one has with others.