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Rogers suggests that obstacles appear in childhood and are normal aspects of development. What a child learns in a phase as beneficial, should be reassessed in the later stages: Reasons that predominate in later infancy may inhibit the development of personality. According to the phenomenological perspective, this follow-up, all the problems faced by Aurora, in childhood, as the remoteness of the relationship with the other children of the same age because of her rejection suffered by their excess weight. Also loneliness and abandonment she experienced after age 8 with affective detachment from her father towards her. According to Rogers that are normal "obstacles" in the path of personality development. Since the child learns in a phase …show more content…
This need is universal, assuming that it exists in every human being and that is felt in a continuous and pervasive way. The theory does not care whether it is an innate or acquired need. Since children do not separate your actions from your total being, react to approval of an action as if approving of themselves. Likewise, react to the punishment of an act as if they are generally frowned upon. In this phenomenological point of view, the period that Aurora began to become aware of her Self, it seems at around eight years, just at the stage that the father moved away from her. That 's what appears to have happened with Aurora; the stage of consciousness and formation of self in which she most needed her father 's love, she lost it. Aurora at that time, in its primitive psychic ability to distinguish, introjected an idea that the removal of the father from her occurred as a result of his punishment for having unapproved Aurora as a …show more content…
To draw a parallel of obsessional neurosis with religion, established disconcerting similarities between compulsive acts and religious practices that, in his view, aimed essentially the same thing: remove the guilt by a ritualistic compensatory restoration. Both the religious obsessive as in the main formula would be similar to what happens psych- scroll in a dream - through which the trivial details of the ritual activity become more important, since they are forcibly expelled the truly meaningful content. Regarding this analogy, Freud concludes that we can conceive of obsessional neurosis as a pathological match against religious formation, featuring obsessional neurosis as an individual religiosity and religion as a universal obsessional neurosis. Religion is a big factor in the contribution to the powerful Aurora 's Superego. This is very evident in her behavior when only at age 28 she had her first boyfriend and even having reached a state of sufficient maturity to have sex, she chose not to have this experience. Here it is clear the active role of Id which operates according to the pleasure
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders have been found to have many causal factors. Many of these are cultural and one possibility is that religion plays a part in severity of symptoms, like obsessive thoughts. Because of Darien’s past history and heavy involvement...
A Comparison of Psychodynamic and Social Learning in Regards to the Development of Personality "No Works Cited"
According to Sigmund Freud, what we do and why we do it, who we are
Freud formulated a theory of religion that he explains in Totem and Taboo, which was influenced by works such as Robertson-Smith’s Religion of the Semites, Darwin’s The Descent of Man, and Frazer’s The Golden Bough. He highlights that guilt plays a fundamental role in the psyche. Guilt must have had an original cause. At one point in history, there must have been a violation of the law which created an ‘inherent’ sense of guilt. Freud continues to trace this back to when human were a group called a ‘primal horde’. In these groups of early humans, there was always a dominant male, for example, like in wolf packs. Moreover, he centres his theory on guilt that originates with the Oedipus complex, where the younger males became jealous of the alpha male having choice over the woman he has as his partner. This horde acts as an ideological state apparatus, forc...
Erikson believes a person’s personality changes throughout their lifespan and primarily focuses on ego. Furthermore, ego is a person’s sense of self-importance or self- acceptance. This is a major factor when discussing personality because how we perceive ourselves, reflects onto others. Erikson’s eight stages of psychological development consist of infancy, early childhood, preschool, middle school, adolescence, young adulthood, middle age and old age. He indicates that during each stage of life a person experiences a psychological crisis, which could aid in a negative or positive result. During the infancy stage, the psychological crisis is trust vs. mistrust, meaning total dependence on the mother or father. If either or both parents show love and attention, then the child will develop trust, or otherwise mistrust if neglected. Early childhood, around the ages two to three years old a child becomes more mobile and shows signs of independence. The caregivers will either assist the child in all their needs or wait patiently as they figure them out on their own. Erikson distinguishes the importance of allowing children to face their own challenges with the tolerance of failure. This will provide the willingness to push through hard times and overcome adversity. Stage 3, initiative vs. guilt describes the interaction between other children and their ability to make decisions. A child will initiate activity with others continuously when he or she feels secure. Nevertheless, when children are told ‘no’ they react with feelings of guilt. The fourth stage of Erikson’s theory begins to explain inferiority. In this stage, a student will be introduced to teachers who become a major part of a child’s psychological development. With encouragement, children will feel confident in themselves, whereas negative reinforcement may cause self-doubt. Identity vs.
Many psychologists throughout many years present theoretical approaches in an attempt to understand personality. Hans Eysenck’s approach of personality differed from that of Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalytical theory of personality. Eysenck’s theory of personality relies on the scientific basis of biology in explaining human personality. Although Freud’s theories are intriguing to an open mind, Eysenck’s approach made measurable scientific sense. He relied on the use of trait and factor analysis, which is a statistical method. Freud relied on faith and his personal opinions based on observational research to reach the assumptions that set forth his theories (Feist & Feist, 2009). Eysenck and Freud did not agree on anything about understanding how and why the mind operates the way, it does.
The thought of Freud has a total focus on an individual’s mind and how this internal struggle effects how humans interact within society. Freud argues that every human has three functional parts of their personality that exist within the mind itself: the id, super-ego and the ego. Thurschwell describes these three layers as how they relate to each other. The id is the deepest level of the unconscious, which is dominated by the pleasure principle and has no concept of time except for the present, demanding instant gratification of sexual and aggressive (Eros and Thanatos) urges. The superego originates through identification with the individuals parents, functioning as an internal censor witch represses the dangerous urges of the id. The ego starts as part of the id but is more sensible as it has knowledge of the outside world. Unlike the id, the ego is dominated by the instinct to protect oneself. Although these three layers cannot be physically mapped out in the mind they do show how Freud constantly focused on the internal mind...
An Austrian psychiatrist named Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) believed that obsession-compulsion disorder was connected to unconscious conflicts, demonstrated as symptoms of illness. Freud claimed that we were not completely aware of what we think, acting on particular reasons with no conscious thoughts (Freud, 1909). Freud proposed that the unconscious mind was materialized through layers of thoughts that were below the surface. In 1896, Freud hypothesized that the symptoms of hysteria and obsessional neurosis derived from unconscious memories of sexual abuse from childhood or infancy (Farrell, Waters, Boschen, & Milliner, 2011). Freud’s writings on psychoanalysis of the Rat Man conceptualized obsession-compulsion disorder as unconscious conflicts
There are many people in this world; no two people are the same. When considering personality theories it is important to note that not all theories apply to all situations or all people. Different theories have different approaches. It is important to know the person before making assumptions about the proper theory to apply to the person or in any given situation. The purpose of this paper is to analysis how different personality theorists could interoperate different individual circumstances and behaviors based on case examples provided by the instructor.
In Sigmund Freud’s, The Future of an Illusion, he studies religious foundations and the influence of religion on civilization and social principles. As he explores the psychological depths relating to religion, he also portrays a scientific and rational civilization. In turn, he reveals his hope for an ideal world where humans surpass their feelings of helplessness and insignificance to live in an improved civilization based on reason and the increase of knowledge. Through his analysis and ideas, Freud is able to incite feelings of doubt surrounding religious beliefs and their validity.
Allen is an individual motivated by the desire to enhance his life and achieve specific goals. Making him an excellent example of Rogers views on self-actualization. Allen also exhibits distinct characteristics that correspond with concepts in Rogers theory. He displays an organismic valuing process throughout his life as he dreams of attending college and finding a more fulfilling career. Additionally, through Rogers theory we are able to identify key components of Allen’s self-concept; mainly that he feels as if he is not the person people believe him to be. This feeling of inconsistency in perceived self and true self lends itself to Rogers’ concept of incongruence in personality. Allen exhibits all of these characteristics and more based on the limited information provided. Ultimately, Allen identifies his goal as a desire to move forward towards more competency and an enhanced
This essay is going to describe in depth and detail the theories of Sigmund Freud's psycho dynamic approach. The strengths and weakness as an evaluation of Sigmund Freud's work. A summary and evaluation of the cognitive perspective as an alternative of human behaviour will also be identified in this essay.
This paper explores three different theories to discuss (Alex Blake’s) personality development. I will explore different online personality test as well as breaking down some of the way Alex reactions to different circumstances as I evaluate some of her reactions and conclude if she is adaptive or maladaptive to the situation(s)
The other portion of Rogers’s theory of personality is the phenomenological perspective, which explores an individual’s conscious experiences. Within this chapter, it also explains the structure, processes, and growth and development of Rogers’s personality theory. The structure of his theory is based on the self, which is what the individual identifies as being “me”. The self is composed of the actual self, what the individual believes to be them at that time, and the ideal self, what the individual would like to become in the future. The process of Rogers’s theory is focused on the self and this also influences growth and development. According to Rogers, the major developmental concern for children is whether if they are free to grow, be self-actualizing, or if conditions of worth cause them to become defensive and operate out of a state of incongruence (Cervone, 2013). The chapter then goes on to mention research done by Coopersmith on parent-child relationships and its influence on the child’s
Evaluate your personality and identity development by incorporating three theorist’s views on personality traits whether it's for or against your identity and personality development.