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My Mum read somewhere a long time ago that people with my ‘condition’( meaning Aspergers Syndrome) as she calls it need to eat a balanced diet which tends to mean that I have to eat what she puts on a plate or bowl in front of me at the table. Sometimes I have to eat something new to me which involves new food textures and flavours. New sensations like these always bring the threat of the unknown. The unknown is fraught with sudden shocks and risks of punishment. I hate the unknown and work hard to keep myself vigilant against it at all
Christopher John Francis Boone is a 15-year-old boy with Asperger’s syndrome. He is extremely smart, his brain functioning solely in logical sequence. Christopher is a mathematical savant, highly observant, and he has a photographic memory. He can recite every prime number up to 7,057 and knows every country and its capital city. Despite his high intelligence, he is unable to understand human behavior such as emotion and relationships. In this sense he identifies with animals more because they are much simpler. He cannot recognize feelings or facial expressions beyond “happy” or “sad.” He is very organized and likes facts and making lists. Often when he is frightened or angry he closes his eyes, rocks back and forth, groaning, and lists off prime numbers in his head to calm himself down. He does not understand metaphors and jokes; Christopher cannot distinguish the further meaning in metaphors because they just aren’t true. He is unable to lie although often he doesn’t give the complete truth and is aware that he is telling a white lie. Christopher is afraid of anything new, especially strangers and new places because he doesn’t have a picture in his head of what lies ahead of him; it is just blank. He is overly sensitive to things he doesn’t like or situations he is uncomfortable in and will often react impulsively and violently by either hitting anyone who touches him or screaming uncontrollably.
In the 1940’s two doctors in different countries observed children displaying similar behaviors and deficits. One of the doctors was Viennese pediatrician Dr. Hans Asperger and the other was a child psychiatrist named Leo Kanner. Dr. Kanner was the first of the two doctors to report his observations. What he described were behaviors similar to those seen in children with what we call Autistic disorder. The behaviors affected the children’s communication, social interaction and interests. Dr. Asperger later published an article discussing what he dubbed “Autistische Psychpathen im Kindesalter” which translates to “Autistic Psychopathy”. Although some behaviors overlapped, there were differences leading to the belief that these doctors were documenting two different disorders. The two most prevalent were the differences in motor and language abilities (Miller, Ozonoff). Another was Asperger’s belief that his patients were of normal or above average intelligence. It was not until 1994 that Asperger Syndrome was entered into the Diagnostics and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM IV), finally becoming an official diagnosis. At the time, Asperger Syndrome (AS) was labeled as a subcategory of autism along with autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive development disorder. Since then, the community of people with Asperger Syndrome has grown to love and better understand the disorder that they live with every day. Some of them have even affectionately named themselves “Aspies”.
Albert Einstein, Bela Bartok, Alan Turing, Bill Gates, Thomas Jefferson and I. Is this a list of Geniuses? People who have changed history?
In 1944, Asperger’s disorder was first discovered by Hans Asperger who was a child psychologist and pediatrician who described a group of boys between the ages of 6 and 11 as “little professors” because of their interests and use of language (van Duin, Zinkstok, McAlonan & van Amelsvoort, 2014). In the DSM-IV, Asperger’s disorder (AD) refers to individuals who have an average or high IQ, but have difficulty in social interactions, poor communication skills and restricted interests (Wing, Gould & Gillberg, 2010). Another component in the Asperger’s diagnosis in the DSM-IV was that the individual did not meet the full criteria for an Autism diagnosis (Ghaziuddin, 2010). On May 13, 2013 the DSM-V was published, which was followed by extensive controversy surrounding the removal of the Asperger’s diagnosis. Some individuals diagnosed with AD under the DSM-IV prefer that label to being diagnosed as autistic. Additionally, many individuals with AD and their families feared that services would no longer be available to their children. Proponents of removing AD from the DSM-V asserted that there was no reliable difference between AD and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and that combining these disorders would increase reliability and validity.
1. Eating disorders in our present society can be viewed as a multi-determined disorder for various reasons. The current definition of a multi-determined disorder is when there is more than one factor with a wide range of causes that creates the disorder to form. Negative influences from family members, friends, the western culture, or even a specific cultural may harshly impact a person and influence how he or she should live their life. Anorexia and Bulimia are both to be considered as a multi-determined disorder that is influenced greatly by socio-cultural, biological and psychological factors. Subcultures create large pressures and restraints to diet and become thin. For instance, the Asian culture, if a person is overweight, they are frowned upon and considered almost as a disgrace to the community. Studies have also proven that family histories that have a weight loss disorder are more likely to also develop depression and anxiety disorders and are more likely found in women. Daily habits in a household also greatly impact the way a child is raised. Factors such as being over protective or having excessive control may also lead to forming an eating disorder, which anorexia becomes more susceptible for children. Psychological factors are most commonly formed when other views and living habits become more influential than our own. The way others perceive a person is defined as a schema. Once schemas are formed they may store in a person’s long-term memory and create self-schemas. Negative self-schemas will change an individual’s personality to become unstable and believe they are constantly being judged. Self-concept then forms leading to more harmful disorders such as poor self-esteem, depression and inability ...
Aspergers syndrome is a type of extreme introverted-ness, which is a long lasting inability that influences how an individual understands the world, forms data and identifies with other individuals. Extreme introverted-ness is regularly depicted as a 'range issue' on the grounds that the condition influences individuals in numerous distinctive routes and to differing degrees.
Pervasive Developmental Disorders are characterized by “severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development” (Tsai, 1998). In the 1994 edition of the Diagnostic Statistic Manuel version IV, three new categories were introduced under Pervasive Developmental Disorders. These include: Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, and Rett's Syndrome (Volkmar, 2005). All these disorders occur in early childhood and are often not noticed by a parent or primary caregiver until it is noticed that the child is not achieving normal developmental milestones.
Let’s begin with MY definition of food and how it’s evolved over the course of my life. As far back as I can remember it was the best thing in the world because it filled my belly and calmed my nerves. Much like the cases of almost everyone else who eats it, right? Well, the problem being is that I over-indulged and took in more than my fair share. When I was young, I could eat as much as a full grown man, which in itself is surprising to say the
Many people across the world are unfamiliar with disorders associated with autism. Some people do not even know what autism actually is. Asperger’s Syndrome is one perplexing disorder, of countless, that needs to be acknowledged. Although it is one of the more well-known disorders, an understanding of Asperger’s is far from common knowledge. There is an abundance of misconceptions and people unaware of what Asperger Syndrome actually is. Being uncertain about the characteristics of a person with Asperger’s allows people to go through life not understanding the disorder itself and people who have it.
Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder of the brain that severely impacts socialization, communication, and may even cause obsessive or repetitive behaviors. Autism delays the brain's normal development, and is also correlated with a milder form of the syndrome known as a pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-N OS). Since it was first identified in 1943, there has been increasing rate in new diagnoses each year. Muhle, Trenracoste, and Rapin (2004) found that the rate of diagnosis for Autism has risen 556% between the years of 1991 and 1997. Many feel that this increase is due to a shifting of diagnostic criteria, or newer defining characteristics of the syndrome. The expansion of the diagnostic criteria also indirectly relates to the increase of services provided for Autistic children, therefore increasing the shift. Because of this increase of diagnoses, more awareness has been brought to pediatricians, further increasing the rate in which Autism is diagnosed ("Autism," 2010). Glasson et al. (2004) found that the frequency in which the disorder is diagnosed has risen to almost 60 per 10000 people. Another factor in the increase of the diagnosis of Autism is that children are being diagnosed at a much earlier age. Parents are identifying problematic behaviors earlier in a child's life, sometimes as early as 8 months of age (Bristol-Power & Spinella 1999).
Often when one thinks of mental illness, the imagery of crazy people who act belligerently and have deranged thoughts comes to mind. However, under most circumstances psychological disorders are not that dramatic or clear-cut. Sensory processing disorder is one of those disorders. According to The Sensory Processing Disorder Foundation (2015), Sensory processing refers to the method in which the nervous system receives messages from the senses and turns them into appropriate motor and behavioral responses. The successful completion of any activity such as eating ice cream or walking requires the brain to process sensation (SPD Foundation, 2015). Sensory Processing Disorder or SPD is a disorder in which sensory signals are not correctly organized by the brain causing faulty responses. Leading occupational therapist, neurologist and pioneer SPD researcher, A. Jean Ayres, referred to this condition as a “neurological traffic jam” that prevents sections of the brain from receiving the needed information to process and interpret sensory information appropriately (Star Center, 2012). Though SDP can occur in adults, it is most prevalent in children. A study conducted by the Sensory Processing Disorder Scientific Work Group states that 1 in every 6 children experiences some form of SPD symptoms that can significantly impact basic functions, such as, eating and social interactions (Ben-Sasson et al, 2009). Another study conducted by Ahn et al (2004) suggests at least 1 in 20 children’s lives are affected by SPD (2004). As a result, they often suffer from a multitude of social/emotional issues. Anxiety, depression, aggression, or other behavioral problems can follow.
Christopher John Francis Boone is a teenager, who is thought to have Asperger Syndrome. Though it is not explicitly stated, he displays all symptoms. Asperger Syndrome is a high functioning branch of Autism and is becoming a more common topic in our everyday lives. I feel that I find a large amount of imagery in this novel is because I have personal experience with Asperger Syndrome, this has given me a whole new understanding of how it must feel to have this syndrome. I also had a chance to observe how it feels to be the friend or family to someone who has it. While there are several instances of diction, word choice, dialogue, metaphors, point of view and imagery; imagery helps to guide the novel. I find it easiest to picture what is occurring rather than just knowing what is occurring.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), “Feeding and eating disorders are characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating or eating related-behavior that results in the altered consumption of absorption of food and that significantly impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning.” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013)
Whenever I start and finish eating I sometimes have the tendency to struggle when belching and I'm not sure on why I do that. Other times I would eat certain foods and start to get depressed hours or a day afterwards. One day while I was still in my first two years of high school I've gained the hunger of wanting to know more about food because I was taking a forensics class and discovered how certain food Americans eat suck as fast food is horrible to the human body, plus I'm different in a way of what can effect me may not affect the other person as much, or at all. While taking a science class I've learned about my intended future career, nutrition.
There is no way around the sad fact that starvation has been my coping mechanism when anxious or insecure. In my last year of middle school I became a walking paradox: while I had no problem feeding my hunger to learn, I struggled every single day with feeding my hunger to live. I explored dark terrible places of starvation and mental anguish, where denying myself nourishment was a way to test my strength and fortitude. I found my way back from my disorder by exploring the joy of running, volunteering, and learning. Even though overcoming my disorder was by all means an undeniably painful process; deprivation and emptiness taught me what truly matters in life. My anorexic journey was one of self-discovery. It revealed to me, myself: a compassionate, highly organized, hardworking, and determined young man. My hunger to study medicine was born from the realization that I can make a difference in this world by helping those who cannot help