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Importance of brown vs the board of education
Importance of brown vs the board of education
Detrimental effects of poverty
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The Creation of the Hood The hood, short for neighborhood, of a predominantly poor, minority area is vastly different from the neighborhood of middle or upper class suburban area. Whereas one is overridden by violence, hopelessness, and a sense of confinement, the other is an exemplification of the American dream, prosperity, and opportunity. The polar differences between the two areas are not coincidental, but, rather, consequential. Beginning in the 1960’s, shortly after the end of segregation by the Brown vs. Board of Education verdict, a shift in population began to ensue in every major city. “From 1960 to 1968, an estimated two million whites, most of whom were relatively young, middle and upper-income families, moved into suburban areas” …show more content…
The creation of suburbs served as a mean of self-segregation. As Caucasians flooded out, African Americans and minorities were left in the central cities. “Blacks accounted for 90 percent of the total growth of the non-white metropolitan population through 1968, and 71 percent or 2.4 million blacks were added to central city ghettos” (Davies, Fowler 153). The creation of suburbs, consequently led to the creation of centralized black populations within inner city boundaries. Although, cities like Los Angeles are not predominantly inhabited by one race, there are certainly enclaves. There are communities of African Americans and others consisting of primarily Hispanics; the self-segregation developed in the 1960’s has yet to be disbanded. The black populations left in the cities, unable to leave, became increasingly impoverished and as a consequence grew violent. Although people favored and moved to suburbs, they continued to work in …show more content…
Boyz n’ the Hood demonstrates high levels of urban consciousness through Ricky’s aspirations, Tre’s desire to leave, and Doughboy’s despondent view on life and death. It appears as if everyone in the movie-- including gang members-- wish to leave the hood. When Ricky is visited by a college recruiter, Doughboy’s friends sit on the porch questioning the recruiter about college and repeatedly requesting for scholarships. The movie displays everyone desperately looking for an opportunity to escape the hood. Very few do. Ricky, who is his mother’s pride, joy, and meal-ticket out of the hood meets an untimely death. His mother is shown hysterically crying over his corpse, because not only has she lost her young son but she has also lost her only opportunity to leave the
Rothstein (2014) states “long before the shooting of Michael Brown, official racial-isolation policies primed Ferguson for this summer’s events” (p. 1). Rothstein writes how African-Americans were denied access to better jobs, housing, education, and were placed into areas that eventually became slums. Blacks were relocated several times, which eventually “converted towns like Ferguson into new segregated enclaves” (Rothstein, 2014, p. 9). Government policies were a catalyst that caused what is known as white flight, or the movement of white residents to more private residential, upscale areas, in which blacks could not afford or were not permitted to reside. Some neighborhoods used eminent domain laws to keep blacks from moving into white developments. Blacks were targeted with unethical lending rates by banks. Deceptive real estate practices were the norm when it came to selling houses to African American families. Before 1980, laws allowed boundary and redevelopment policies to keep blacks from white neighborhoods. However, in 1980, the federal courts ordered all forms of government to create plans on school and housing integration. Rothstein (2014) adds “public officials ignored the order” and only “devised a busing plan to integrate schools” (p. 4). The housing market collapse, along with exploding interest rates, left the black neighborhoods devastated, as stated by Rosenbaum (2014, p. 9). Ferguson was less that 1% black in 1970, however by the time Michael Brown was killed in 2014, the community was nearly 70% black, with its schools nearly 90% black. In review, Hannah-Jones (2014) relays how the white flight from St. Louis caused businesses and jobs to leave along with the residents. With their departure, the schools also suffered. Schools
Boyz N the Hood was a film created to convey an anti-gang message as well as to provide societal members an in-depth look at life in “the hood” so he or she can expand their culturally awareness of identifying societal issues (Stevenson, 1991). Upon the debut of “Boyz N the Hood” violence erupted at theaters across the nation, resulting in multiple shows pulling the film from scheduled showings to alleviate future violent behaviors (Stevenson, 1991). The film profoundly illustrates the realty of the events revealed within the storyline that frequently occur on a daily basis within every impoverish community; however, is overlooked by the individuals who are not directly involved and or affected (Leon-Guerrero, 2016) Children of lower socioeconomic status often are raised in ghetto neighborhoods where they often witness, crime, violence, gang activity, abuse, and drugs (Leon-Guerrero, 2016). Ghetto communities envelop tumultuous cycles of violence and substance abuse creating a pervasive occurrence within the residents of the community. This is prevalent in lower developed communities that unfortunately many children and the youth populace indirectly inherit and sadly conform to, as there are no other means to an end for them (Leon-Guerrero,
Hood: slang for neighborhood or black area/life. Before 1991 this concept of hood life was never before portrayed or looked into until John Singleton produced the black social drama Boyz N the Hood. This is the first film by a black director that actually goes deep inside the ghetto or inner city. Singleton carefully directs this film so that it appears to mirror the real world “having value as a kind of anthropological study of an unfamiliar way of life'; (Thompson 2). Set in lower-middle-class, predominately black, south central Los Angeles, a neighborhood where constant gunshots regularly interrupt study time and the sound of police helicopters flying above is a familiar tune, Boyz N the Hood is basically the story of three teenage friends coming together.
Suburbanization, roots of the “American dream.” A house occupied by a man and woman and their three kids; the man is the breadwinner, and the woman is the stay-at-home wife. The husband would leave the house to go to work while the wife happily stay at home to cook, clean, and care for the kids. This was the imagine that were painted for consumers after World War II. This was how success was defined. However, at the other end of rainbow was not a pot of gold. Women were angry and frustrated from being confined in their homes all day. Furthermore, African Americans were excluded from this “picture perfect” dream when the government created “red lining” and made it impossible for people of color to get a house loan. The impact of suburban growth
In the portion "Gangsta Culture" from Bell Hooks' We Real Cool: Black Men and Masculinity
Boyz n the Hood (directed by John Singleton) is about a young man named Trey Styles who originally starts off living with his mother until he gets in trouble at school, so she forces him to live with his father in the inner city. The movie then fast forwards seven years later, Tre’s father (Furious) teaches Trey how to be a man as well as instilling in him how not to be a part of the vicious cycle of violence. In the movie Tre and his best friend Ricky are portrayed to be very clean cut (academically focused) while Ricky’s half brother, Doughboy and his friends are trouble makers. One night Tre and Ricky decide to go to a popular hangout spot, while they were standing around a gang walked by and bumped Ricky. Ricky yelled at Ferris (the guy that pushed him) and
Even though administrations have put a lot of effort in trying to integrate minorities into diversified neighborhoods, new data shows middle-class and upper-class African-American families tend to congregate into prevalently black neighborhoods. Brooks attributes this phenomena to various reasons, ranging from racism to psychological comfort. He goes on stating that neighborhoods tend to develop their own “personality”. Once people find a town that shares their same values, they will move in and attract similar individuals. Giving life to a ripple effects that makes the place always more like itself. Following this train of thought we can state that an African American family of either low or high income will prefer to move to an African American neighborhood rather than a white counterpart. This kind of attitude, encountered by Brooks in his research, creates a deliberate de-facto
John Singleton showed the real life struggle through his experience with Tre Style and the brothers, Darren and Ricky Baker. The movie made a big comparison between lifestyles of Tre and his friends, and explained a strong friendship between Ricky and Tre and a strong difference between Darren and Ricky. Singleton demonstrated the significant of male leadership at home in a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California. It is so difficult to be born in a neighborhood full of gangs, violence, and discrimination, but Maria Montessori once said, “ The first idea the child must acquire is that of the difference between good and evil”. Boyz N The Hood mentioned some life issues such as, youth environment, importance of education and friendships in urban
The course music and movies has shown the development of music in films as a total art work, and studies how the music impact stories and perception within films. The directors of these movies showed how knowing music history can change the effect of a movie. As seen throughout the course, the role of music in a movie sets the tone, such as creating an emotional factor. Music serves several purposes that are important on the emotional side of the movie and help to enhance the storytelling. Each movie viewed throughout the course had similar features with music and how they portrayed African-Americans and other groups of people through the Hollywood film maker’s eyes. The directors of each movie portrayed traits by using music elements such
Most suburban regions experience very different challenges from the ones in urban regions. Urban regions have been proven to have unsafe streets, high-crime rates, cheap and falling houses, including poor schools (Kendall 500). Despite the deteriorating rates of crimes, and rising jobs, many African - Americans and other minorities “have looked for the same things in suburban properties that
The torn down neighborhood, graffiti on the walls, gun shops and abandoned houses are what people living on the wrong side of 8 miles in Detroit saw in their everyday lives. Social disorganization theory according to Freda, Mueller, and Laufer (2013) is “A theory of criminality in which the breakdown of effective social bonds, primary associations, and social controls in neighborhoods and communities is held to result in the development of high crime areas” (p. 124). In the movie 8 Mile (Curtis Hanson, 2002) B-Rabbit lives in 8 mile where he is surrounded by delinquents that commit crimes, bums around the neighborhood and the alcoholic drunk of a mother he lives within a trailer park in the duration of the movie. He is a blue collar worker who does a lot of physical labor in a steel cutting factory where he tries to make a means to help support his mom and sister. But what he really hopes is to be a rapper, make a demo and sign to a label. So he goes where all other rappers go to get noticed, the “Shelter.” Rappers go and have battled to become a highly valued individual in the residential district. With such a large population that attend and participate in those battles there are less chances of any of them being sought out for a record deal. Others that lived outside of the 8 mile district thought less of the people that did live in that location. Even though they stayed together as people from the 313 there was always a better neighborhood or somebody who had it better. So who better to pick on than the white boy who survives with his alcoholic mother in a trailer, taking care of his sister, playing in a distasteful factory, and failing against the “Leaders of the Free World?” He was the perfect target just like many others th...
Massey and Denton (1993) describe the systematic segregation and isolation of black Americans—at a level not experienced by any other racial group—as the cause of persistent poverty, and the key to the creation of racial inequality and the underclass. This residential segregation leads to heterogeneous communities, the black ghetto. These black ghettos have substandard resources, and living conditions far below any other group in America. The conditions and characteristics of these ghettos lock residents into a cycle of poverty and subordination for generations.
Segregation within schools can be a direct link to the separation within our suburbs, which will allow the deprived to intricate into middle class school systems. Race relations in America between whites at 41 percent and blacks at 48 percent agree that it is in a bad state. 2 This supports the integration problem today of many races moving to places surrounded by their own race. “Government and private enforcers of fair housing laws have demonstrated the continuing existence of housing discrimination and a range of other discriminatory factors,” factors that “have disproportionately limited the choices of people of color.” 3 Between the 1960s and
Zoning and restrictions were settled up because of the concern of individual interest by the white resident in Chicago. In terms of social welfare, Lloyd (1979) explains, there was a significant growth of the economy of the increasing population in slum migration, yet, also rise in the unemployment rate. Due to the insufficient and limited employment supply in the city, slum migrant increased the competition in the labour market. It is believed that segregation and racial covenant could ensure the employment position of skilled industry and professional, protected working opportunity for the upper class. Meanwhile, according to David (2016), the white, especially for the upper class, during the early 20th century has a hierarchy perception toward black race, considered black race was uncivilised, low-educated with an inferior culture. Whitzman (2009, p.26) argues ‘as cities were ‘invaded’ by waves of immigration, neighbourhoods would… overtaken in popularity by newer communities on the periphery.’ Slum plays a successful role as a barrier to cultural exchange for the white. For example, the establishment of the black school and a white school prevented white child to gain knowledge of black culture, in order to preserve a distinct white culture and language. A zoning for migrant in the slum has maintained the power of the rich and protected the original culture of the
“One out of twenty-one black american males will be murdered in their lifetime. Most will die at the hands of another black male” (Singleton 1991). Boyz N the Hood was a crime,drama film from 1991. It was directed by John Singleton and the film consists of notable cast members such as Cuba Gooding JR. (as Tre Styles), Laurence Fishburne (as Furious Styles), Morris Chestnut (as Ricky Baker), and Ice Cube (as Doughboy). Boyz N the Hood revolves around Singleton’s view on the problems African Americans / blacks faced and how they chose to tackle them based on their influences. Inner Los Angeles had been known for its large gang activity involving minority groups at the time and was used as the setting for the film. This is seen in the story of