variously known as calc-sinter and calcareous tufa and (when used for decorative purposes) as onyx marble, Mexican onyx, and Egyptian or Oriental alabaster. Travertine is generally less coarse-grained and takes a higher polish than stalactite and stalagmite, which are similar in chemical composition and origin. Travertine, the stone of the Colosseum and St. Peters as well as of several structures in New York and Philadelphia, is not a volcanic tufa but calcareous sediment that was deposited on the
The Effects of Mono Lake's Hydrology on its Ecosystem Situated at the foothills of the Eastern Sierra Nevada, Mono Lake has an unusual and unique hydrology that is highly influential in shaping the water chemistry (specifically the water's salinity and alkalinity) and biological life that survives there. Mono Lake is a hypersaline, highly alkaline, hydrographically closed basin in which the only natural means of water export is through evaporation. The basin itself was carved out by faulting
This artwork originated from the culture of the Etruscans and the master sculptor Vulca in Veii near Rome, Italy. Although Vulca selected the materials of wood, mud brick, and tufa, a volcanic rock, terracotta provides the most decorations. The similarities between the ornate design and terracotta portray possible influences. Although the Temple of Minerva functioned religiously and the Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building
Mono Lake 1. Mono Lake Mono Lake is a unique body of water lying in the Eastern Sierra Nevadas. For decades its water sources were tapped by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (DWP) to use for farming because the lake's high elevation would allow them to easily transport the water to the city and because the water was so saline, people believed it was worthless. The normal traits by which people judge lakes were lacking in Mono: fish could not survive in the salty water, the water
(Regia) in the Forum. The earliest temple was most probably a round hut thatched with straw, this temple went through many changes. Early Republic (600-300BC) From the 6th to 3rd century BC the number of buildings increased, but these were made from tufa which is volcanic stone, a stone which was relatively weak and unstable. Some temples that were constructed during this period were the Temple of Janus (500BC), the Temple of Saturn (498BC), the temple of Castor and Pollux (484BC) and the temple of
Intro Attention getter: The Great Pyramid at Giza is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, still standing. 5 million tons of stone, stacked 438 feet high, some 4,500 years ago, the Great Pyramid is the tallest and the largest of the Egyptian pyramids The question arises, how was this pyramid built and why? According to my audience analysis % of you said they were built by primitive hand tools, and % said of you believed that the pyramids primary function was as tombs for
“Many European cities still bear reminders of the power of ancient Rome, and throughout the western world the influence of Roman power is still manifest.” “As the Roman Empire expanded Roman architects struggled to achieve two overriding aims: to demonstrate the grandeur and power of Rome, while also improving the life of their fellow citizens.” They held the Greeks in high regard for both their sculpture and architecture, learned stonework and pyramid architecture from the Egyptians, and absorbed
My Country Armenia Everybody loves to go to different places.On weekends people enjoy going out of town.I like to visit my country Armenia. You and your freinds are going to take a trip to Armenia. Armenia is a small European country that was part of the Soviet Union. However, you will have to make some preparations and do some research so as to make the best of use of your time and money.So, my country Armenia has a lot of interesting and attractive places to visit for tourist. Now I want to
The way the Etruscans perspective the afterlife and death was unique compared to the others culture at the time. For example in their tombs, where death should be focused, the Etruscans focused more on life instead on death. In the history of the Etruscans art the notion of death is rarely shown or mention. There was no depiction of actually death or scenes of a spiritual journey to the afterlife. What the Etruscans did was creating a home for the dead, focusing on connecting the life of the body
to columns. This was made up of a horizontal block, known as a lintel that was laid flat across the top. An example of this will be in the photo below. An example of post and lintel architecture: Hera II, Paestum, c. 460 B.C.E. (Classical period), tufa, 24.26 x 59.98 m The Romans did not invent the arch that has been used so much in their architecture. The development of the arch however allowed them to fully use it to their advantage for resolving situations that required the cost of expensive labor
Until these days, the wonders of Roman Engineering can still be appreciated not only on Italy but also on several parts of Europe. Thanks to the implementation of concrete and the the arch, the process of construction of great buildings and structures, such as aqueducts, was possible during the Roman Empire. One of the main reasons the Roman Engineers built the aqueducts and other buildings as extremely durable structures was that they believed that the Roman Empire would exist forever. Roman Engineering
The Colosseum or Coliseum was originally known as the Flavian Amphitheatre. The building was constructed by the emperors of Flavian dynasty, following the reign of Nero. The name ‘Colosseum’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Colosseus’ meaning colossal (‘Facts about the Colosseum’, n.d.). It was the largest amphitheatre of the Roman Empire and in the world (Guinness World Records, 2013). It was also considered as one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and engineering. The Colosseum could hold
The Romans played a huge role in the history of Architecture; a lot of the roman architectural monuments still stand and are highly appreciated by today’s communities and cultures. Their architecture as thoroughly studied and taught in today’s architecture departments worldwide, as well as encourages students to study and understand it, historically, conceptually and structurally. The Colosseum, in my opinion, is one of the most beautiful roman architecture, or even worldwide, my analysis of it revealed
located just east of the Roman Forum, commissioned in A.D. 72-80 by Emperor Vespasian. Vespasian was a part of the Flavian dynasty and had the massive amphitheater constructed as a gift to the Roman people. The structure is made of concrete, travertine, tufa, brick, and marble and is approximately 615 x 510 ft. Titus Vespasian’s son opened the Colosseum in A.D. 80 and it was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater. Similar to our modern day sports arena, the Colosseum was built mainly for public entertainment
Ancient Roman Architecture The ancient Romans are famous for many things. One thing is their adaptation and development of architecture. From the Etruscans and early tribes the Romans found most of their basic architectural skills. From the Greeks some components of Roman architecture were adapted. Which gives some early Roman architecture some characteristics of oriental architecture because of Greek contact with the Orient. The heart of Roman architecture was the Roman forum, which was really being
Have you ever felt insignificant while standing in front of a monumental building that you have seen in small images of your history book? No one could imagine the atmosphere and physical beauty inside the most beautiful structures in the world, the Pantheon and the Florence cathedral. While sitting at the fountain in front of the Pantheon, one can see the huge columns rising towards the entablature and the walls curving behind to form a cylinder. Although the exterior of the pantheon could look
Over the years I have observed Mono Lake in the Eastern Sierra from every shore in every kind of weather-from the mirror calm of a bright orange sunrise to the violent churning foam of a turbulent, green sea. And always, the choking alkaline dust blows on the east side of the lake creating great clouds of toxic dust. Mono Lake is ever changing and provides a lot of life from such an ancient dead sea. Paiute people harvested the high protein fly larvae that were wind driven onto the shore in great
A marble sculpture of a soldier helping a fallen comrade, and another marble sculpture of a man tying a ribbon around his head. The artworks in comparison A can look like they have many similarities, but they are actually very different from each other. Both sculptures at first glance can look like they are Roman sculpture, but were likely created at different times, and by different cultures. The Romans not only borrowed from Greek artists, but they also swallowed Etruscan culture. Roman art
In Rome the buildings were constructed under Roman Empire. The Roman Colosseum was constructed between 69 to 79 CE by the Vespasian emperor, The Circus Maximum was built in the 2nd century B.C by the high emperor, in 31 B.C the fire destroyed it that led Emperor Augustus to rebuild the Circus in 82 AD, Ludus Magnus was a gladiatorial training school in Rome and it was originally built between 81-96AD by Emperor Domitian. The emperor’s theme was large public stone buildings that would bring the people
Greek and Roman temples are the most influential temples of all times. It is argued that the Greek influenced the Romans and this may be the reason why their temples are so alike. The Parthenon and the Pantheon are the most popular temples of both eras. However, the Pantheon does not look like other roman temples would to Greek temples – and this is because it has interior space and thus has a completely different composition. Despite their quite similar looks, Roman and Greek temples have unique