How humans spread around the world is still one of the mysteries in the history of mankind. Mitochondrial DNA has been a crucial line of experimental evidence in developing the current understanding of our genetic history. It has shed significant light in determining the population patterns and human migrations around the world. Studies of mitochondrial DNA have provided new insights in the way humans spread around the globe throughout time. Studies have suggested two major routes from East Africa
Abstract Mitochondrial DNA, the genetic material found inside the mitochondria within our cells, is essential for normal mitochondrial function. Human mitochondrial DNA follows a maternal inheritance pattern, meaning that each individual receives it from their mother (“What is Mitochondrial DNA? – Genetics Home Reference,” 2017). This inheritance pattern, along with the presence of polymorphisms within the mitochondrial DNA between populations allowed us to determine when and where our maternal
Introduction: In this lab we amplified a region of DNA that is found in the mitochondria. Mitochondria have their own set of DNA. Mitochondrial DNA has “16,500 DNA building blocks (base pairs), representing a small fraction of the total DNA in cells. — Mitochondrial DNA contains 37 genes,” (Genetics Home Reference, NIH, 2014) The part of the DNA that we amplified was the D-loop region. This part of the mitochondrial genome is the origin of replication for the mitochondria. This part of the mitochondria
Our evidence shows that Haplogroup X has a very low regional concentration, the origins date back to 15,000 year ago, and mtDNA can prove all of this. Haplogroup X is an mtDNA stand, which mutated from the mtDNA strand L1 about 35,000 years ago (Tracing the Genes). The origins of this mtDNA strand are said to be from the Altai Republic, on the borders of Russia and Kazakhstan. There, as everywhere in the world is not a big concentration of people that carry the Haplogroup X gene. It is also found
evidence of the stomach bug was difficult, because the Iceman’s stomach lining has deteriorated over the years. Scientists have often use the gut microbe to track human populations, using the distinct phylogeographic features to study population movement. The bacterium is separated into Ancestral strains to track the movement of humans, the heavily agreed upon strains include ancestral EastAsia, ancestral Europe1 (AE1), ancestral Europe2 (AE2), ancestral Africa1, and ancestral Africa2. Through extensive
Seven Daughters of Eve, by Bryan Sykes tells us how he has decoded mitochondrial DNA and used it to trace the linage of human evolution. In his book he relates personal and historical short accounts, offering familiar ground to consider the science. In his findings he believes that 90 % of modern Europeans are descendants of seven women and takes you on a journey into each of their lives. Bryan Sykes is a professor of human genetics at the University of Oxford. With recent research and pioneered
Evolution has been arguably one of the largely discussed topics in the advanced institution of science. The theory of evaluation, first presented by Charlies Darwin (1990), states that all biotic organisms were developed and advanced from primitive organisms through gradual changes occurring over time. The relevance of this fundamental theory is witnessed throughout the disciplines of the pathology department in the subject area of biomedical science. Biomedical science consists of seven major disciplines;