The Mountain Pine Beetle epidemic has become a major problem for North America in the last decade. While only the size of a grain of rice, the MPB has caused massive forest destruction in British Columbia as well as many parts of the United States. According to British Columbia’s government website (2012) “The B.C. Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations estimates that the mountain pine beetle has now killed a cumulative total of 710 million cubic meters of timber since the current
That rainbow you see on the ground when oil lies on wet pavement, that captivating swirl of color glimmering on the outside surface of that bubble, or the shimmers of color on the back of your favorite CD; its iridescence and is displayed in quite a few critters in the animal kingdom. Iridescence essentially an objects ability to show different colors when viewed at different angles. When you look at the animal kingdom you see this property in many species of animals, insect exoskeletons along with
1.0 INTRODUCTION Coleoptera is the largest group of insects in the world (Triplehorn & Johnson, 2005; Hill & Abang, 2010). The order Coleoptera is commonly used to describe the terrestrial habitats, mainly in the tropical forest (Erwin, 1982; Hammond, 1990; Stork, 1991; Chung, 2004). According to Hill & Abang (2010), 2, 000 species of beetles had been collected in Sarawak and most of them were from the families Cerambycidae and Chrysomelidae. Beetles are also known as the most successful insects