in the marine world arguing that cephalopods use their camouflage to communicate with each other. A cephalopods camouflage is made up of a bunch of tiny chromatophores in their skin. Several scientists think that the communication is plausible, while others stick to the no-fun result that there is not a bit of proof. In order to understand if cephalopods use their chromatophores to communicate, it might be a good idea to know what a cephalopod is. A cephalopod is in the class of mollusks that
most varied and unique of all invertebrates. They are mollusks of the Class Cephalopod, along with the nautilus, cuttlefish, and octopus. Squids are highly evolved, and have developed a number of traits uncommon to most other mollusks. Fossil records of cephalopods have dated back the Cambrian Period (about 600 million years ago). Structurally, squids have only small variations of a basic theme common to all cephalopods. They are spherical or cigar-shaped with two fins used to stabilize movement
species, known as the Indo-Malayan octopus, has the ability to alter its shape, form, and color pattern to mimic or imitate other sea creatures in order to avoid predation (2). The discovery of the mimic octopus is noteworthy because no other type of cephalopod is known to have impersonation abilities. The octopus is also not limited to one imitation. Researchers have observed up to eight different formations. The alternations occur depending upon the appetite, surrounding environment, and proximity of
Spencer Stein Sarah Beck Oceanography 101 14 May 2018 The octopus genome and the evolution of cephalopod neural and morphological novelties This Jornal conducted research on the two-spot octopus, or Octopus bimaculoides, by sequencing the genome of this species. They found that “Coleoid cephalopods (octopus, squid and cuttlefish) are active, resourceful predators with a rich behavioural repertoire. They have the largest nervous systems among the invertebrates and present other striking morphological
Fish that are found in the benthic part of the ocean are really interesting to me. Benthic means it's the lowest level in any body of water such as an ocean or a lake. Different organisms that live in this deep part of the ocean are called benthos. Some examples of benthos are starfish, sea cucumbers, oysters, and clams. There are many different geographies to the be if ocean such as trenches, mountains, and volcanoes. The benthos have their own food source which is called detritus. Detritus
Cephalopod intelligence, specifically the intelligence of octopi, is a very interesting debate that is on the forefront of biology. This is because octopi exhibit behavior that is atypical of their phylum, which includes clams and snails. In other words, they appear to be almost freakishly smart. The papers by Mather and Scigliano both addressed this topic, but had very different attitudes about just how conclusive the evidence is for the exhibition of higher intelligence, personality, and consciousness
My invertebrate research paper is about Dumbo octopus, also called Grimpoteuthis. Dumbo octopuses are type of mollusks. In the category of mollusks it is divided into smaller groups, and they are part of the cephalopods. These octopuses got their name from Disney’s film Dumbo. This is because of their fin that extends from the mantle above each eye. Dumbo octopuses are deep sea animals that live on the ocean floor at extreme depths of 3000 to 4000 meters, and because of that they have the ability
Learning and Consciousness in Octopuses Cephalopods are known to be exceptionally intelligent by invertebrate standards and in some respects even rival “higher” vertebrates. These animals have many highly evolved sensory and processing organs that allow them to gain a greater understanding of their environment and their place within it. Due to their advanced structures, many of which are analogous to vertebrate structures, and abilities they have been widely studied. Their methods of learning have
class, Cephalopoda, translated to “head foot.” Ancient Cephalopods have been dated back to the late Cambrian period. Unlike other mollusks, cephalopods internalize and reduce their shells to cuttlebone in cuttlefish, pen in squid, and absent altogether in octopi. Cephalopods are found all around the world and inhabit marine waters from tropical to near freezing and from shallow to the deep abyss. Today, there are about 800 species of cephalopods. Cephalopoda has an intelligence unlike any other invertebrate
Humans have only discovered less than five percent of the ocean, while the ocean makes up seventy percent of our world. Even though we have explored so little of it, we have found very interesting creatures such as giant squids, yeti crabs, and zombie worms. None of these animals are similar in any way, not even their habitats, appearances, or diets. However they use these factors to be able to survive in sometimes extreme conditions. The giant squid, zombie worm, and yeti crab all live in completely
There is a vast amount of complicated questions that barrage our minds everyday: Time travel, other intelligent life, the end of the universe, and our very creation. However there are other mysteries, ones that are a lot closer to us then we think. A mysterious noise that was so loud it left scientists on different continents with their jaws dropped. The noise was named “The Bloop” and was added to the worlds mysteries because even to this day there is no concrete evidence about what made this noise
Otopus, Cuttlefish, and Squid * Since early times, tales of horror have been gone around strange sea creatures, especially the giant squid and the fearsome octopus. They are among the largest, strongest, fastest, most cunning, and ferocious of all animals. Many of them, however, are quite harmless and are useful in a variety of ways. _________________________________________ *The Eight-Armed Octopus The octopus is a soft, bag-shaped creature. It has eight long, slender arms, with
Cephalopods certainly look alien, so it is hardly surprising that science fiction writers have hijacked their characteristics for imaginary aliens. An octopus has three hearts that pump blue-green blood around its body, using a copper- rather than iron-based carrier for oxygen. Its eight tentacles are covered in suckers that enable it to amble, probe and manipulate with great dexterity. When in danger or enraged, it can switch to jet propulsion, and if danger persists it can eject an ink cloud of
hydromedusae. Cell. Tiss. Res. IJ9; 413-429. Sousounis, k., A. Ogura, and P.A. Tsonis. 2013. Transcriptome Analysis of Nautilus and Pygmy Squid Developing Eye Provides Insights in Lens and Eye Evolution. PLoS ONE 8(10): e78054 Wells, M.J. 1997. Cephalopod Behaviour. Trends ecol evol 12(2): 82-83 Wistow, G. J., and J. Piatigorsky. 1988. Lens crystallins: the evolution and expression of proteins for a highly specialized tissue. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 57: 479-504.
Blue Rings? Journal Article Summary Introduction The blue-ringed octopus uses an interesting technique to ward off its predators. Utilizing aposematic coloring (a warning mechanism), this creature can let other animals know to stay away. The tiny cephalopod bears about sixty bright blue rings, appearing as a pattern on its dermal covering. When these rings flash, one can tell that the octopus has been threatened. Although this tropical marine creature may generally be calm, when it is agitated, it
In 350 BC, the Greek philosopher Aristotle, who was arguably among the most intelligent men in the world, wrote in his History of Animals that the octopus is “a stupid creature, for it will approach a man’s hand if it be lowered in the water” (Nuwer, R. 2013). However, Aristotle was inaccurate in his depictions since in actuality, the octopus is one of the most complex and intelligent creatures of the sea. Research has indicated that octopods not only demonstrate a strong problem-solving ability
this, the giant pacific octopus reproduces sexually and has cells that are used for specific functions. (Kalupa, 2012) The octopus is in the phylum Molluska. It is under Molluska because the octopus has a soft body (mollus meaning soft), and is a cephalopod. It also has bilateral symmetry. (Kalupa, 2012) The giant pacific octopus’s class is Cephalopoda. This means “head-foot” and is so named because the arms, or feet, are attached to the head. In addition, the octopus has a closed circulatory system
This central nervous system can be as simple as those found in the Platyhelminthes (flatworms), to those found in Cephalopods (for example squids, octopuses, and the cuttlefish), which are closely related to those in the Vertebrates. This vastly developed nervous system is bilaterally symmetrical and contains ganglia, nerves, connectives and much more, however, this nervous
A. Shells in the evolving cephalopods proved to restrict motility. Internalizing the shell into a pen allowed the organisms to be more efficient swimmers since the now uncovered body made way for the development of fins and contractible mantle cavities capable of jet propulsion. Cephalopods are now able to float horizontally in water since shedding their system of gas-filled chambers in the shell. The increased motility through evolving the shell into a pen was advantageous to these organisms in
located in our eyes, and for good reasons this is why it is a very good thing that everyone has a blind spot. This picture is a picture showing where your vertebrates are and your octopus. They show different kinds of blinds spots such as: cephalopod eyes. Cephalopod eyes are where the optic nerve approaches the receptors from behind the eye. This creates vertebrate eyes where nerve fibers block light creating a blind spot. The octopus eyes are where the nerve fibers completely block the light from the